Changes in snow depth under elevation‐dependent warming over the Tibetan Plateau

Abstract Snow plays an essential role in regulating climate change, the hydrological cycle, and various biological processes. Passive microwave snow depth data and gridded data from the Climate Research Unit (CRU_TS4.04) are utilized in this study to investigate spatiotemporal variations of snow depth over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), with special focus on the vertical dimension. The response of snow to elevation‐dependent warming (EDW) is determined accordingly. High mountains experience more rapid warming than lower elevations. During 1980–2014, the total snow depth over the TP decreased; areas with the most significant decreasing trends are mainly concentrated in the northwestern and southwestern parts of the TP. The plateau‐wide decrease in snow depth (−0.24 cm/decade) is mainly affected by increasing temperature (0.30°C/decade). The reduction in snow depth trend intensifies as sub‐regional mean elevation increases from 3,332 m (IID2) to 5,074 m (ID1). A stronger snow depth decrease in high‐elevation sub‐regions generally corresponds to higher warming rates, which demonstrates EDW. The most pronounced correlation between snow depth decrease rate and elevation occurs in the southeastern TP, which covers the largest elevation range on the plateau (from 2,000 to 6,000 m)

A Biomimetic 3D-Self-Forming Approach for Microvascular Scaffolds

The development of science and technology often drew lessons from natural phenomena. Herein, inspired by drying-driven curling of apple peels, hydrogel-based micro-scaled hollow tubules (MHTs) are proposed for biomimicking microvessels, which promote microcirculation and improve the survival of random skin flaps. MHTs with various pipeline structures are fabricated using hydrogel in corresponding shapes, such as Y-branches, anastomosis rings, and triangle loops. Adjustable diameters can be achieved by altering the concentration and cross-linking time of the hydrogel. Based on this rationale, biomimetic microvessels with diameters of 50-500 mu m are cultivated in vitro by coculture of MHTs and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In vivo studies show their excellent performance to promote microcirculation and improve the survival of random skin flaps. In conclusion, the present work proposes and validifies a biomimetic 3D self-forming method for the fabrication of biomimetic vessels and microvascular scaffolds with high biocompatibility and stability based on hydrogel materials, such as gelatin and hyaluronic acid.Peer reviewe

Case report and literature review: Asymptomatic littoral cell angioma in a 3-year-old girl

BackgroundLittoral cell angioma (LCA) is an extremely uncommon benign vascular tumor of the spleen. Cases of LCA in infants are rarely reported, and due to the rarity of the tumor and non-specific symptoms, the diagnosis of LCA is often overlooked in clinical practice.Case reportWe present a 3-year-old girl with pulmonary inflammation who was admitted to the hospital due to the discovery of a space-occupying lesion in the spleen. Pathology after splenectomy confirmed LCA, and there was no recurrence observed at the 5-month follow-up examination.ConclusionLCA should be considered when a child shows asymptomatic splenomegaly, with antigen expression indicating dual positivity of endothelial and histiocytic markers. Laparoscopic splenectomy remains the primary method of treating LCA

A Biomimetic 3D-Self-Forming Approach for Microvascular Scaffolds

The development of science and technology often drew lessons from natural phenomena. Herein, inspired by drying-driven curling of apple peels, hydrogel-based micro-scaled hollow tubules (MHTs) are proposed for biomimicking microvessels, which promote microcirculation and improve the survival of random skin flaps. MHTs with various pipeline structures are fabricated using hydrogel in corresponding shapes, such as Y-branches, anastomosis rings, and triangle loops. Adjustable diameters can be achieved by altering the concentration and cross-linking time of the hydrogel. Based on this rationale, biomimetic microvessels with diameters of 50-500 mu m are cultivated in vitro by coculture of MHTs and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In vivo studies show their excellent performance to promote microcirculation and improve the survival of random skin flaps. In conclusion, the present work proposes and validifies a biomimetic 3D self-forming method for the fabrication of biomimetic vessels and microvascular scaffolds with high biocompatibility and stability based on hydrogel materials, such as gelatin and hyaluronic acid

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the PedsQL™ stem cell transplant module in China: A methodological and cross-sectional study

BackgroundHematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), as a mature technology, has significantly improved the survival rate of children. However, there lack efficient scales to assess the quality of life (QoL) of children with HSCT in China, which has important implications in the care of this population. This study aimed to translate the original English Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ (PedsQL™) Stem Cell Transplant Module into a Chinese mandarin version, and evaluate its reliability.MethodsChildren of ages 2–18 years who had received HSCT at Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Children's Hospital of Fudan University were recruited. Children or their parents were asked to fill the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales, PedsQL™ Stem Cell Transplant Module, and PedsQL™ Family Information Form. Feasibility was evaluated by completion rate and the percentage of missing items, reliability by the internal consistency and test-retest reliability, and validity by factor analysis and correlation analysis between the scores of total scale and each dimension.ResultsA total of 120 children (mean age 6.37, SD = 3.674) and some parents were included. A low percentage of items were missed in returned reports. Cronbach's alpha coefficient reached 0.70 in the majority of dimensions of both child self-report and parent proxy-report. Test-retest reliability was 0.685 in parents' forms and 0.765 in child's forms. Eight factors were extracted, with a cumulative contribution rate of 74.54%. The correlation between PedsQL™ 4.0 and Transplant Module was 0.748 for children self-report and 0.808 for parent proxy-report.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that the Chinese mandarin version of the PedsQL™ Stem Cell Transplant is feasible, reliable and valid in evaluating the QoL of Chinese children after HSCT

Programmable immune activating electrospun fibers for skin regeneration

Immune cells play a crucial regulatory role in inflammatory phase and proliferative phase during skin healing. How to programmatically activate sequential immune responses is the key for scarless skin regeneration. In this study, an “Inner-Outer” IL-10-loaded electrospun fiber with cascade release behavior was constructed. During the inflammatory phase, the electrospun fiber released a lower concentration of IL-10 within the wound, inhibiting excessive recruitment of inflammatory cells and polarizing macrophages into anti-inflammatory phenotype “M2c” to suppress excessive inflammation response. During the proliferative phase, a higher concentration of IL-10 released by the fiber and the anti-fibrotic cytokines secreted by polarized “M2c” directly acted on dermal fibroblasts to simultaneously inhibit extracellular matrix overdeposition and promote fibroblast migration. The “Inner-Outer” IL-10-loaded electrospun fiber programmatically activated the sequential immune responses during wound healing and led to scarless skin regeneration, which is a promising immunomodulatory biomaterial with great potential for promoting complete tissue regeneration.Peer reviewe