Comprehensive Analysis Identifies and Validates the Tumor Microenvironment Subtypes to Predict Anti-Tumor Therapy Efficacy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to explore and verify the subtypes in hepatocellular carcinoma based on the immune (lymphocyte and myeloid cells), stem, and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment and analyze the biological characteristics and potential relevance of each cluster.MethodsWe used the xCell algorithm to calculate cell scores and got subtypes by k-means clustering. In the external validation sets, we verified the conclusion stability by a neural network model. Simultaneously, we speculated the inner connection between clusters by pseudotime trajectory analysis and confirmed it by pathway enrichment, TMB, CNV, etc., analysis.ResultAccording to the results of the consensus cluster, we chose k = 4 as the optimal value and got four different subtypes (C1, C2, C3, and C4) with different biological characteristics based on infiltrating levels of 48 cells in TME. In univariable Cox regression, the hazard ratio (HR) value of C3 versus C1 was 2.881 (95% CI: 1.572–5.279); in multivariable Cox regression, we corrected the age and TNM stage, and the HR value of C3 versus C1 was 2.510 (95% CI: 1.339–4.706). C1 and C2 belonged to the immune-active type, C3 and C4 related to the immune-insensitive type and the potential conversion relationships between clusters. We established a neural network model, and the area under the curves of the neural network model was 0.949 in the testing cohort; the same survival results were also observed in the external validation set. We compared the differences in cell infiltration, immune function, pathway enrichment, TMB, and CNV of four clusters and speculated that C1 and C2 were more likely to benefit from immunotherapy and C3 may benefit from FGF inhibitors.DiscussionOur analysis provides a new approach for the identification of four tumor microenvironment clusters in patients with liver cancer and identifies the biological differences and predicts the immunotherapy efficacy between the four subtypes

Light decreases through the x-ray imaging chain

It is well known that light signal gets weaker in the imaging process through the imaging chain. To make it possible that the output image is of enough brightness for the human eye to "see" the information from the final image, we modeled the light signal passing through the x-ray imaging chain. The imaging chain is composed of several optoelectronic devices with characteristics, so the model elements mainly include spectral matching and inverse square distance for it is assumed that the imaging system runs under the fine condition and without noise disturbance. This paper can be valuable and referential for designing an x-ray imaging system and it is the same for other kinds of imaging systems.http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000295076300066&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=8e1609b174ce4e31116a60747a720701Engineering, Electrical & ElectronicOpticsCPCI-S(ISTP)

3D information extraction based on a novel x ray imaging system

In this paper, a novel x-ray imaging system was introduced. It was a CCD based system, but different from the traditional CCD based x-ray imaging system, which was composed of the x-ray intensifying screen, the CCD and the low light level image intensifier, specially using the zoom lens for coupling. Zoom lens can give a continuous variable visual field, which not only reduce the geometrical blur but also can produce several image pairs for stereo imaging. It is convenient for three dimension information extraction from a group of two dimension x-ray images and is valuable for stereovision radiography in the application of medical diagnosis, security checking, non-destructive testing, and industry detection. This stereo imaging method is also referential for the three dimension reconstruction daily living.http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000295076300093&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=8e1609b174ce4e31116a60747a720701Engineering, Electrical & ElectronicOpticsCPCI-S(ISTP)

The x-ray imaging system's requirements for CCD pixel

CCD technology has kept developing since CCD was invented and has very wide application in all kinds of imaging field. In the fields of security checking, non-destructive testing, and industry detection, CCD makes it possible that the digital radiography appears and accelerates the x-ray imaging performance improvement. So in this paper, CCD technology was introduce and its development was analyzed, then how it affect the x-ray imaging performance was conducted through the mathematical theory was model, which includes the pixel size and the pixel amount although the cooling condition is very important. This paper can be valuable and referential for designing an x-ray imaging system and it is the same for other kinds of imaging systems.http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000295076300040&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=8e1609b174ce4e31116a60747a720701Engineering, Electrical & ElectronicOpticsCPCI-S(ISTP)

Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of petroleum ether fraction of Rosmarinus officinalis

The presented study examines the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the petroleum ether fraction of Rosmarinus officinalis (PEF-RO), which was obtained via 75 % ethanol extraction followed by petroleum ether extraction. The obtained fractions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The in vitro antioxidant activity of PEF-RO was investigated using various assays, including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS) free radical scavenging, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method. A total of 82 chemical components were successfully identified, totaling 10.06 % of PEF-RO content. The identified components consisted of 24 hydrocarbons, 14 ketones, 16 alcohols, 4 phenols, 14 esters, and 10 other compounds. Notably, verbenone (2.4377 %), vitamin A (0.6854 %), trans-geraniol (0.5998 %), linolenic acid (0.5713 %), and 1,8-eucalyptol (0.5323 %) were the most abundant compounds, and there are many trace components in PEF-RO. PEF-RO's IC50 values of DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging were determined as 0.36 mg/mL and 0.19 mg/mL, respectively. FRAP-method was employed to measure the total antioxidant energy of PEF-RO, which displayed good antioxidant activity. The obtained data provides the foundation for the comprehensive development and utilization of Rosmarinus officinalis

Exploring metal-supported few-layer graphene for photocathode application through Cs/O activation process

Exploring a photocathode with features of visible-light response, high quantum efficiency, long life-span, easy availability and low cost is the desire of electron source applications. Here, we report the photoemission behavior of nickel-supported few-layer graphene through Cs/O activation process. We observe that this Cs/O-activated graphene-based photocathode can possess a cut-off response wavelength of 750 nm, a quantum efficiency over 0.1% at 350 nm, and a 1/e operating lifetime of over 50 h under continuous mW-level laser irradiation at a pressure of 10-7 Pa. Importantly, the photoemission capability after degradation can be completely restored again to its original maximum through the additional Cs deposition process. Moreover, the changes in surface composition and work function characterized by in-situ photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrate the low work function and excellent stability. This metal-supported graphene material with low-work-function surface provides a route to obtain robust photocathode working from ultraviolet to visible waveband

Structural and Functional Modulation of Five 4‑Cyanopyridinium Iodoargentates Built Up from Cubane-like Ag₄I₄ Nodes

Five iodoargentate hybrids, {[MC]­[Ag₂I₃]}_<i>n</i> (<b>1</b>), {[EC]­[Ag₂I₃]}_<i>n</i> (<b>2</b>), {[PC]₂[Ag₄I₆]}_<i>n</i> (<b>3</b>), {[BC]₂[Ag₄I₆]}_<i>n</i> (<b>4</b>), and {[IPC]₂[Ag₄I₆]}_<i>n</i> (<b>5</b>) (MC⁺ = <i>N</i>-methyl-4-cyanopyridinium, EC⁺ = <i>N</i>-ethyl-4-cyanopyridinium, PC⁺ = <i>N</i>-propyl-4-cyanopyridinium, BC⁺ = <i>N</i>-butyl-4-cyanopyridinium, and IPC⁺ = <i>N</i>-isopentyl-4-cyanopyridinium), have been solvothermally synthesized. Built up from μ-I bridging cubane-like Ag₄I₄ nodes, <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> present similar two-dimensional grid-like layers with the MC⁺ and EC⁺ cations located at the apertures of inorganic layers and interlayer space, while <b>3</b>,<b> 4</b>, and <b>5</b> possess three-dimensional open frameworks with the PC⁺, BC⁺, and IPC⁺ cations intercalated in the channels. <b>1</b>–<b>5</b> exhibit reducing band gaps with respect to the bulk β-AgI and interesting low temperature reversible thermochromism, which can be ascribed to the temperature effects directly on the population of intermolecular charge transfer. Variations in structure and property reveal delicate modulating effect of <i>N</i>-alkyl-4-cyanopyridinium cations and flexibility of iodoargentate frameworks

Design and Optimization of Solid Amine CO₂ Adsorbents Assisted by Machine Learning

In the development of solid amine CO2 adsorbents, the CO2 adsorption performance of amine-functionalized adsorbents, with various novel porous supports or modification of the amine structure, has been widely studied. However, a lack of systematic research limits the industrial application of amine-functionalized CO2 adsorbents, especially the adsorbents prepared from inexpensive and readily available commercial porous supports. In this work, machine learning (ML) was employed to explore how the CO2 adsorption performance of amine-functionalized adsorbents is correlated with five factors: amine loading, amine type, pore volume, pore size, and specific surface area. We found that amine loading contributed the most to the effect of CO2 adsorption capacity, followed by pore volume. Pore size was the most important factor affecting amine efficiency, while the cycle stability of the adsorbent was basically related to the amine type, and the interaction effect between the influencing factors was explored by ML. In addition, the CO2 adsorption capacities of TEPA/KXY and PEI/KYX adsorbents were predicted by ML, and the results of ML prediction were consistent with our experimental results. Furthermore, we constructed a “five-in-one” comprehensive comparison of the CO2 adsorption performance of 45TEPA/KYX and 60PEI/KYX adsorbents through a radar diagram, and it was considered that the 45TEPA/KYX adsorbent had a better comprehensive CO2 adsorption performance. Our study provides insights into the development and optimization of solid amine CO2 adsorbents using commercial porous supports