Effect of conjugated linoleic acid on inhibition of prolyl hydroxylase 1 in hearts of mice

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Results from different trails have provided evidence of protective effects of <it>cis-</it>9,<it>trans</it>-11-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on cardiovascular diseases. But the inhibition of prolyl hydroxylase 1 (PHD1) associated with induction of hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) by CLA in these protective effects has never been reported before. The objective of this study was to evaluate if the two predominant <it>cis-</it>9,<it>trans</it>-11 (c9, t11), <it>trans</it>-10,<it>cis</it>-12 (t10, c12) CLA isomers and mixture of these two isomers can inhibit PHD1 with induction of HIFs in myocardium in mice and subsequent effects on myocardium metabolism.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>CLA mixture and c9, t11 CLA inhibited PHD1 protein expression and increased the levels of protein and mRNA in HIF-2α in myocardium in mice. Meanwhile, CLA mixture and c9, t11 CLA also elevated the expression of HIF related transcriptional factors like PDK4 and PPARα. The reprogramming of basal metabolism in myocardium in mice was shown on increasing of GLUT4 gene expression by c9, t11 CLA supplemented group. UCP2 was increased by CLA mixture and c9, t11 CLA for attenuating production of ROS.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>CLA mixture and c9, t11 CLA could inhibit PHD1 and induce HIF-2α in myocardium in mice, which is associated with upregulation of PDK4 by activation of PPARα. This process also implies a reprogramming of basal metabolism and oxidative damage protection in myocardium in mice. All the effects shown in hearts of mice are due to c9, t11 CLA but not t10, c12 CLA.</p

The evolution of magnetic structure driven by a synthetic spin-orbit coupling in two-component Bose-Hubbard model

We study the evolution of magnetic structure driven by a synthetic spin-orbit coupling in a one-dimensional two-component Bose-Hubbard model. In addition to the Mott insulator-superfluid transition, we found in Mott insulator phases a transition from a gapped ferromagnetic phase to a gapless chiral phase by increasing the strength of spin-orbit coupling. Further increasing the spin-orbit coupling drives a transition from the gapless chiral phase to a gapped antiferromagnetic phase. These magnetic structures persist in superfluid phases. In particular, in the chiral Mott insulator and chiral superfluid phases, incommensurability is observed in characteristic correlation functions. These unconventional Mott insulator phase and superfluid phase demonstrate the novel effects arising from the competition between the kinetic energy and the spin-orbit coupling.Comment: 9 fig; English polished, note adde

Culture of Botryococcus Brauni

Botryococcus braunii is a potential source of renewable energy due to high lipid yield and the ability of hydrocarbon excretion B. braunii 807/2 was successfully grown in outdoor paddle wheel driven raceway ponds for over 5 months. The growth of this alga in tubular photobioreactor (Biocoil) was also successful for up to a month, but was inhibited by high cell sticking to the coils. There was no significant difference in growth rate and biomass productivity between these two systems. The lipid productivity B. braunii culture in the open pond was 0.008 ± 0.004 g.L-1.day-1 at a specific growth rate of 0.06 ± 0.03 day-1, and the indoor culture was 0.04 g.L-1 .day-1 at growth rate of 0.04 ± 0.03 day-1. B. braunii was found to have highest photosynthesis under 30℃ at 100 μmol photons.m-2.s-1. Lower temperature (10℃) reduced photosynthesis by 58% at 6 mg.L-1 O2 and 84% at 2 mg.L-1 O2. B. braunii was light saturated at 100 μmol photons.m-2.s-1, and no significant photoinhibition was observed even under 1900 μmol photons.m-2.s-1. Photosynthesis was inhibited by 40 to 80% when O2 was increased from 2 mg.L-1 to 6 mg.L-1. Interestingly increasing oxygen concentrations decreased the dark respiration rate. Increasing temperature by 5℃ in open ponds increases lipid productivity, but had no effect on biomass productivity and growth rate. However, lowering pond depth by 5 cm (in winter) had no effect on growth and biomass/lipid yield. It was also found that aerating the pond reduces the O2 concentration and this can be potentially useful for reducing photoinhibition