2,410 research outputs found
Leveraging Neural Networks with Attention Mechanism for High-Order Accuracy in Charge Density in Particle-in-Cell Simulation
In this research, we introduce an innovative three-network architecture that
comprises an encoder-decoder framework with an attention mechanism. The
architecture comprises a 1st-order-pre-trainer, a 2nd-order-improver, and a
discriminator network, designed to boost the order accuracy of charge density
in Particle-In-Cell (PIC) simulations. We acquire our training data from our
self-developed 3-D PIC code, JefiPIC. The training procedure starts with the
1st-order-pre-trainer, which is trained on a large dataset to predict charge
densities based on the provided article positions. Subsequently, we fine-tune
the 1st-order-pre-trainer, whose predictions then serve as inputs to the
2nd-order-improver. Meanwhile, we train the 2nd-order-improver and
discriminator network using a smaller volume of 2nd-order data, thereby
achieving to generate charge density with 2nd-order accuracy. In the concluding
phase, we replace JefiPIC's conventional particle interpolation process with
our trained neural network. Our results demonstrate that the neural
network-enhanced PIC simulation can effectively simulate plasmas with 2
nd-order accuracy. This highlights the advantage of our proposed neural
network: it can achieve higher-accuracy data with fewer real labels.Comment: 8 pages, 10 figure
Word Embedding based Correlation Model for Question/Answer Matching
With the development of community based question answering (Q&A) services, a
large scale of Q&A archives have been accumulated and are an important
information and knowledge resource on the web. Question and answer matching has
been attached much importance to for its ability to reuse knowledge stored in
these systems: it can be useful in enhancing user experience with recurrent
questions. In this paper, we try to improve the matching accuracy by overcoming
the lexical gap between question and answer pairs. A Word Embedding based
Correlation (WEC) model is proposed by integrating advantages of both the
translation model and word embedding, given a random pair of words, WEC can
score their co-occurrence probability in Q&A pairs and it can also leverage the
continuity and smoothness of continuous space word representation to deal with
new pairs of words that are rare in the training parallel text. An experimental
study on Yahoo! Answers dataset and Baidu Zhidao dataset shows this new
method's promising potential.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figure
Outsourcing Information Security: The Role of Information Leakage in Outsourcing Decisions
Emerging research regarding the economics of outsourcing information security recommends that firms utilize full outsourcing due to its cost advantages but ignore the risk of information leakage. In our model, we take the information leakage into account, and show that it is necessary for firm to assess the risk before outsourcing. Next, we divide a firmâs business operations into core business and non-core business operations and introduce a partial outsourcing strategy. We find that the security quality of partial outsourcing is always lower. Subsequently, we demonstrate the conditions for selecting from among three security strategies, i.e., in-house development, partial outsourcing and full outsourcing. Based on our results, in high-risk information leakage environments, we do not recommend outsourcing. We further demonstrate that outsourcing security of non-core business is an alternative strategy when the risk of information leakage is not high. A firm should shift from outsourcing to developing security protection in-house as the percentage of information assets utilized for core business increases. In addition, our results show that outsourcing information security of only core business is a strictly dominated strategy
Therapeutic effects of ciprofloxacin/bushenhuazhuo combination on chronic prostatitis
Purpose: To evaluate the clinical effect of bushenhuazhuo (a Chinese traditional medicine) in combination with ciprofloxacin (an orthodox medicine) in chronic prostatitis (CP) therapy.Methods: A total of 160 patients who suffered from CP and received treatment in the Peopleâs Hospital of Zhengzhou between April 2012 and June 2014 were selected and divided randomly into treatment and control groups, with 80 patients in each group. Control group was given 0.25 g ciprofloxacin hydrochloride tablets twice a day for 4 weeks. In addition to ciprofloxacin administration, patients in the treatment group also received a dose of bushenhuazhuo preparation twice daily for 4 weeks. Clinical outcomes, quality of life as well as lecithin body and white blood cell (WBC) count in expressed prostatic secretions (EPS-WBC) were evaluated.Results: Cure rates in the treatment and control groups were 90 and 72.50 %, respectively; this difference was significant (p < 0.05). Scores for National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI), WBC, and lecithin bodies in the treatment group (8.20 ± 2.20 points, 4.50 ± 1.20 points, and 28.10 ± 2.10 points, respectively) were higher (p < 0.05) than for the control group (12.20 ± 2.20, 6.30 ± 2.20, and 23.30 ± 2.90 points, respectively). The levels of interferon (IFN)-Îł and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the treatment group (26.20 ± 3.30 and 33.80 ± 5.40 mg/L, respectively) were lower than those in the control group (37.70 ± 3.90 and 48.40 ± 3.70 mg/L, respectively), whereas the level of interleukin (IL)-10 in the treatment group (292.60 ± 23.70 mg/L) was higher (p < 0.05) than that in control group (235.80 ± 25.90 mg/L).Conclusion: Ciprofloxacin combined with the Chinese traditional medicine, bushenhuazhuo preparation, demonstrates a marked therapeutic effect in CP. Its mechanism of action may be related to decreased levels of IFN-Îł and TNF-α and increased IL-10.Keywords: Bushenhuazhuo, Interferon â Îł, Ciprofloxacin, Chronic prostatitis symptom inde
Quantum Cloning Machines and the Applications
No-cloning theorem is fundamental for quantum mechanics and for quantum
information science that states an unknown quantum state cannot be cloned
perfectly. However, we can try to clone a quantum state approximately with the
optimal fidelity, or instead, we can try to clone it perfectly with the largest
probability. Thus various quantum cloning machines have been designed for
different quantum information protocols. Specifically, quantum cloning machines
can be designed to analyze the security of quantum key distribution protocols
such as BB84 protocol, six-state protocol, B92 protocol and their
generalizations. Some well-known quantum cloning machines include universal
quantum cloning machine, phase-covariant cloning machine, the asymmetric
quantum cloning machine and the probabilistic quantum cloning machine etc. In
the past years, much progress has been made in studying quantum cloning
machines and their applications and implementations, both theoretically and
experimentally. In this review, we will give a complete description of those
important developments about quantum cloning and some related topics. On the
other hand, this review is self-consistent, and in particular, we try to
present some detailed formulations so that further study can be taken based on
those results.Comment: 98 pages, 12 figures, 400+ references. Physics Reports (published
online
Snake net and balloon force with a neural network for detecting multiple phases
Unsupervised machine learning applied to the study of phase transitions is an
ongoing and interesting research direction. The active contour model, also
called the snake model, was initially proposed for target contour extraction in
two-dimensional images. In order to obtain a physical phase diagram, the snake
model with an artificial neural network is applied in an unsupervised learning
way by the authors of [Phys.Rev.Lett. 120, 176401(2018)]. It guesses the phase
boundary as an initial snake and then drives the snake to convergence with
forces estimated by the artificial neural network. In this paper, we extend
this unsupervised learning method with one contour to a snake net with multiple
contours for the purpose of obtaining several phase boundaries in a phase
diagram. For the classical Blume-Capel model, the phase diagram containing
three and four phases is obtained. Moreover, to overcome the limitations of the
initial position and speed up the movement of the snake, the balloon force
decaying with the iteration steps is introduced and applied to the snake net
structure. Our method is helpful in determining the phase diagram with multiple
phases, using just snapshots of configurations from cold atoms or other
experiments without knowledge of the phases.Comment: 13 pages, 15 figures, submitted to PR
Influence of Grassland Management on Carbon Allocation in a Semiarid Temperate Steppe
Grazing lands in North China are often excessively grazed and widely degraded, while hay-making lands appear to be in relatively good condition due to grazing exclusion, but they are facing a continuous loss of nutrients in the harvested biomass. In semiarid grasslands, plant productivity and community composition are significantly altered by grazing and haying. Grazing mostly leads to negative effects on aboveground productivity, however root biomass seems to increase with moderate grazing (Gao et al. 2009; Derner et al. 2006), although responses can vary. Aboveground biomass removal can increase C3 grass dominance and productivity (Hofer and Bragg 1981). Grazing exclusion is a valuable mechanism of sequestering soil C (He 2008). However, grazing can change C allocation patterns and affect the amount of C entering the soil. Here we examine the potential effects of common management practices (exclusion with fencing, grazing and hay-making) on semiarid grasslands above- and below-ground C pools. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of grazing exclusion and annual last-summer haying in previous grazing lands on the storage of C in semiarid grasslands of northern China
Giant vortex and Skyrmion in a rotating two-species Bose-Einstein condensate
Numerical simulations are performed for a rotating two-species Bose
condensate confined by a harmonic potential. The particle numbers of each
species are unequal. When the rotational speed exceeds a critical value, the
majority species reside in the center of the potential while the minority
species is pushed out to the outskirts, forming a giant vortex hole to contain
the majority species. A novel annular Skyrmion forms at the interface of the
two species.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure
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