高効率有機汚染物質酸化に向けた鉄系金属-有機骨格由来の不均一フェントン類似体の機構的起源の解明

東京都立大

DataSpread: Unifying Databases and Spreadsheets.

Spreadsheet software is often the tool of choice for ad-hoc tabular data management, processing, and visualization, especially on tiny data sets. On the other hand, relational database systems offer significant power, expressivity, and efficiency over spreadsheet software for data management, while lacking in the ease of use and ad-hoc analysis capabilities. We demonstrate DataSpread, a data exploration tool that holistically unifies databases and spreadsheets. It continues to offer a Microsoft Excel-based spreadsheet front-end, while in parallel managing all the data in a back-end database, specifically, PostgreSQL. DataSpread retains all the advantages of spreadsheets, including ease of use, ad-hoc analysis and visualization capabilities, and a schema-free nature, while also adding the advantages of traditional relational databases, such as scalability and the ability to use arbitrary SQL to import, filter, or join external or internal tables and have the results appear in the spreadsheet. DataSpread needs to reason about and reconcile differences in the notions of schema, addressing of cells and tuples, and the current pane (which exists in spreadsheets but not in traditional databases), and support data modifications at both the front-end and the back-end. Our demonstration will center on our first and early prototype of the DataSpread, and will give the attendees a sense for the enormous data exploration capabilities offered by unifying spreadsheets and databases

PVP surfactant-modified flower-like BiOBr with tunable bandgap structure for efficient photocatalytic decontamination of pollutants

Designing semiconductor catalysts with superior charge carrier transfer and adequately exposed reactive sites is crucial for acquiring remarkable photocatalytic activity. Herein, a series of BiOBr catalysts with PVP as “organic armor” were synthesized via a facile precipitation strategy. As expected, the BiOBr-PVP hybrids exhibited superior catalytic oxidation toward the removal of organic dyes and tetracycline, but also catalytic reduction of Cr (VI). By virtue of tunable bandgap structure, sufficient abundance of reactive sites and decreased work function, the BiOBr-PVP composites could effectively expedite the charge carrier separation and transfer via enhanced transport pathways. Simultaneously, the reduced particle size and enlarged specific surface area achieved by loading PVP on the BiOBr catalyst could provide greater contact area and channels for intimate interaction between reactive sites and pollutants. Moreover, a photodegradation pathway for tetracycline was proposed based on LC-MS measurements and the intrinsic mechanism between BiOBr and PVP was discussed by first-principles calculation. The constructed BiOBr-PVP composites extend the scope and comprehension of photocatalysts via surface structural engineering and sufficient interfacial coupling for use in several environmental purification applications

Advancing crush syndrome management: the potent role of Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate in early hyperkalemia intervention and survival enhancement in a rat model

Background: Crush Syndrome (CS), a severe trauma resulting from prolonged muscle compression, is commonly seen in large-scale disasters such as earthquakes. It not only causes localized tissue damage but also triggers electrolyte imbalances, particularly hyperkalemia, increasing the risk of early mortality. This study aims to assess the early intervention effects of Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate (SZC) on hyperkalemia in rat CS model.Methods: A rat CS model was established using a self-developed multi-channel intelligent small-animal crush injury platform. Rats in the experimental groups were treated with varying doses of SZC before compression and immediately post-decompression. The efficacy of SZC was evaluated by continuous monitoring of blood potassium levels and survival rates. Serum creatinine (Cre) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were analyzed, and renal damage was assessed through histopathological examination.Results: SZC treatment significantly reduced blood potassium levels and improved survival rates in rats. Compared to the placebo group, the SZC-treated rats showed a significant decrease in blood potassium levels at 6 and 12 h post-decompression, maintaining lower levels at 24 h. Biochemical analysis indicated no significant impact of SZC on renal function, with no notable differences in Cre and BUN levels between groups. Histopathological findings revealed similar levels of renal damage in both groups.Conclusion: SZC demonstrates significant early intervention effects on hyperkalemia in a rat model of crush injury, effectively improving survival rates without adverse effects on renal function. These results provide a new strategic direction for the clinical treatment of Crush Syndrome and lay the foundation for future clinical applications

Structural, electrical and photocatalytic properties of iron-containing soda-lime aluminosilicate glass and glass-ceramics

The structure and electrical conductivity of iron-containing soda-lime alumino-silicate glass-ceramic system were investigated and used for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) solution. Mössbauer isomer shifts were decreased from 0.26 and 0.25 to 0.14 and 0.12 mm s-1 with increasing basicity from 0.75 to 1.50 revealing the cleavage in network structure due to the incorporation of Ca2+ ions. By increasing basicity from 0.75 to 1.50, the electrical conductivity was increased from (2.2 × 10-12 to 2.2 × 10-8 Ω -1 cm-1 ). More increase in basicity to 1.75 decreased the conductivity to 6.5× 10-9 Ω -1 cm-1 . The electrical conductivity is ionic in nature and was correlated to the microstructure of the samples. The first-order rate constant (k) for the MB degradation was enhanced from 0.09 × 10-1 to 1.15 × 10−1 min−1 with increasing basicity from 0.75 to 1.50, having a good correlation with microstructure and electrical conductivity

Photo-Fenton degradation of methylene blue using hematite-enriched slag under visible light

This study aims to find a suitable method to transform the amorphous iron oxides obtained from the incineration of combustible waste slag into hematite. The resulting samples were utilized as heterogeneous photocatalysts for the photo-Fenton degradation of methylene blue (MB) aqueous solution. A good correlation was found between the MB degradation and the amount of hematite phase as confirmed by XRD and Mössbauer measurements. The largest rate constant (k) was (4.1 ± 0.08) × 10−2 min−1 for MB decomposition under visible-light for the sample N5-50-800. The results are promising for both low-cost photocatalysts and recycling of combustible waste slags

An Improved Prediction Model Combining Inverse Exponential Smoothing and Markov Chain

On the basis of the triple exponential smoothing prediction model, this paper introduces the reverse prediction idea and establishes the reverse triple exponential smoothing model by setting parameters such as threshold value and iteration times and reasonably correcting its initial value. This method can effectively reduce the error of early prediction value. At the same time, aiming at the problem that the predicting advantage of the reverse triple exponential smoothing model weakens in the later period, Markov theory is introduced to correct its error value, and an improved prediction model combining inverse exponential smoothing and Markov chain is further established. The improved model combines the advantages of index model trend prediction and Markov fluctuation prediction, and the prediction accuracy and stability of the model are significantly improved through case tests

BiOBr/MoS2 catalyst as heterogenous peroxymonosulfate activator toward organic pollutant removal: Energy band alignment and mechanism insight

Utilization of heterogenous catalysts to trigger peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation is considered an efficient strategy for environmental decontamination. Herein, a tightly bonded flake-like 2D/2D BiOBr/MoS2 heterojunction was successfully designed through co-precipitation process. By virtue of matched energy levels and intimate interfacial coupling, the Type-II BiOBr/MoS2 heterojunction significantly expedited charge carrier transfer and thereby promoted the catalytic performance for organic dye oxidation and Cr(VI) reduction. The specially designed BiOBr/MoS2 heterojunction is also conducive to split PMS and continuously generated highly active species (SO4∙-, ∙OH and ∙O2-) in a photo-Fenton system, achieving extraordinary catalytic capacity for various emerging organic pollutants (including phenol, bisphenol A and carbamazepine). The photoexcited electron with prolonged lifetime and exposed Mo sites with multivalence and multiphase nature can effectively activate PMS, which further promotes the oxidation efficiency of holes, as confirmed by scavenging experiments. The excellent stability and oxidative properties could justify scale up using BiOBr/MoS2 to a small pilot test, implementing the potential value in practical applications. This study would provide novel insight and cognition of PMS activation via a superior heterojunction for complex polluted wastewater treatment

Self-Assembly of Nanosheet Supported Fe-MOFs Heterocrystal as Reusable Catalyst for Boosting Advanced Oxidation Performance via Radical and Nonradical Pathways

Heterojunction catalysts have drawn mounting interest for the visible light-driven Fenton reaction, and bring tremendous opportunities for environmental remediation. Herein, a BiOI/MIL-53(Fe) Z-scheme heterojunction (named BMFe) was synthesized for the first time via a facile strategy. Compared with pristine BiOI and MIL-53(Fe) catalysts, the 2D/3D heterojunction catalyst manifested remarkable catalytic performance toward degradation of phenol, bisphenol A, methylene blue and carbamazepine, which is attributed mainly to the interfacial integration and efficient charge separation. By virtue of coupling at the interface, as confirmed by XPS, 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and DFT calculations, the BMFe catalyst promoted the transfer of electron-hole pairs via Z-scheme and improved the chemical activation of hydrogen peroxide. The subsequent holes, free radicals and nonradical can effectively and continuously decompose pollutants, achieving a positive synergistic effect between photocatalysis and Fenton reactions. Simultaneously, the specially designed BiOX(X=Br, Cl)/MIL-53(Fe) and BiOI/Fe-MOFs(MIL-101, MIL-88) heterojunctions also exhibited advanced oxidative capacity for organic pollutants. Given their practical value for industrial applications, BMFe-beads (1.0 ± 0.15 mm) synthesized via a blend crosslinking method can significantly advance long-term stability and recyclability. The integration of Fe-based metal organic frameworks with bismuth oxyhalide semiconductors provides a new perspective on developing heterojunction catalyst for environmental remediation