The Incidence of Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Nosocomial Urinary Tract Infections: Microorganisms and Susceptibilities in a University Hospital

Introduction: Nosocomial urinary tract infection (NUTI) is one of the most common hospital infections that prolongs the duration of ICU stay and increases the cost of intensive care units (ICU). Knowing the incidence, responsible microorganisms and sensitivity will shed light for infection control programs and facilitate the start of relevant treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of NUTI, causative microorganisms and their sensitivity based on the data gained from the cases at Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine Hospitals between 2000-2009. Materials and Methods: The 10-year surveillance study data between the years 2000-2009 were retrospectively analyzed by Erciyes University School of Medicine (EUSM) Infection Control Committee. Causative microorganisms and antibiotic sensitivity at NUTI were investigated. Patients’ characteristics, underlying diseases, causative organisms and susceptibilities were recorded. Results: 741 (17%) of 4213 ICU patients were followed with NUTI between 2000-2009. NUTI rates ranged from 2-14/1000 patient day. The most frequent reasons of NUTI were gram-negative bacteria (61.6%), followed by yeasts (26.3%) and gram-positive bacteria (12.1%). Wide-spectrum antibiotic resistance in gram-negative microorganisms has increased over the years. Conclusion: The most common pathogens of NUTI were resistant gram-negative microorganisms. Surveillance studies could be a guide to monitor NUTI rates, responsible microorganisms and antibiotic susceptibilies. In addition, these studies contribute to both enhancement of infection control measures and determining empirical treatment options

Injectional Severe Soft Tissue Infection; Is Non Steroid Anti-Inflammatory Drug Injection a Real Predisposition?

INTRODUCTION: Injectional soft tissue infection is a serious problem in general medical practice. Non steroid anti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID) injection is extensively used in outpatient&rsquo;s clinic. The complications after intramuscular injection have been recordedas 0.4 to 19.3%. One of the most common complications is the infections including tissue necrosis and abscess formation.Inoculates of microorganisms via injector from skin flora or contaminated drug may lead to infection. The risk of deep soft tissueinfections increases in immunosuppressive patients. Herein, the clinical and therapeutic features and outcome of nine cases havingintramuscular injection history, with severe soft tissue infections or fasciitis, are presented.METHOD: The patients&rsquo; files reviewed between January 2013 and March 2015 retrospectively. Predisposing factors, demographiccharacteristics, co-morbid conditions and injection history were recorded. Clinical and laboratory findings and outcome wereanalyzed.RESULTS: Nine cases were recorded. Five were male and the median age was 51 year. Seven of them have the history of NSAIDinjection. The most common NSAID was diclofenac sodium, and comorbid condition was diabetes mellitus. Median time for severesoft tissue infection development was 5.8 days. Extensive inflammation of the drug injected extremity in 7 cases and severe sepsisin 6 and septic shock in 4 were observed. Surgical debridement was carried out in 7 patients. Morphologically mixed bacteria wereseen in Gram stain. Methicillin-sensitive &quot;Staphylococcus aureus&quot; was isolated in two patients. Other 3 patients, &quot;Streptococcusbovis&quot;, Salmonella Typhi and an anaerobic microorganism were isolated respectively. Extensive inflammation and tissue necrosiswere seen in tissue biopsies of 3 patients. Laboratory risk indicator for necrotizing fasciitis (LRINECC) scoring was high grade in 5patients. Two of 9 patients died (22%).CONCLUSION: Intramuscular NSAIDs injection may lead a severe soft tissue infection and severe sepsis in community. Sometimes,the infection may lead to death. It seems that the mostly responsible NSAIDs are diclofenac sodium. Further studies are needed toclarify the role of NSAIDs.</p

1975-1980 yılları arasında Türkiye’de kadın hareketleri :bİlerici Kadınlar Derneği ve Kadınların Sesi Gazetesi

Ankara : İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent Üniversitesi İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, 2015.This work is a student project of the The Department of History, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University.by Öztürk, İbrahim Mert