Advance in mechanism of plant leaf colour mutation

As a common mutation trait in plants, leaf colour mutation is related to the degree of chlorophyll and anthocyanin changes and the destruction of chloroplast structure. This study summarizes the latest research progress in leaf colour mutation mechanism, including the metabolic basis of plant leaf colour mutation, leaf colour mutation caused by gene mutation in the chlorophyll metabolism pathway, leaf colour mutation caused by blocked chloroplast development, leaf colour mutation controlled by key transcription factors and non-coding RNAs, leaf colour mutation caused by environmental factors, and leaf colour mutation due to the involvement of the mevalonate pathway. These results will lay a theoretical foundation for leaf colour development, leaf colour improvement, and molecular breeding for leaf colour among tree species

Characterization of highly stable liposomal and immunoliposomal formulations of vincristine and vinblastine

Liposome and immunoliposome formulations of two vinca alkaloids, vincristine and vinblastine, were prepared using intraliposomal triethylammonium sucroseoctasulfate and examined for their ability to stabilize the drug for targeted drug delivery in vivo. The pharmacokinetics of both the encapsulated drug (vincristine or vinblastine) and liposomal carrier were examined in Sprague Dawley rats, and the in vivo drug release rates determined. Anti-HER2 immunoliposomal vincristine was prepared from a human anti-HER2/neu scFv and studied for targeted cytotoxic activity in cell culture, and antitumor efficacy in vivo. Nanoliposome formulations of vincristine and vinblastine demonstrated similar pharmacokinetic profiles for the liposomal carrier, but increased clearance for liposome encapsulated vinblastine (t 1/2 = 9.7 h) relative to vincristine (t 1/2 = 18.5 h). Immunoliposome formulations of vincristine targeted to HER2 using an anti-HER2 scFv antibody fragment displayed a marked enhancement in cytotoxicity when compared to non-targeted liposomal vincristine control; 63- or 253-fold for BT474 and SKBR3 breast cancer cells, respectively. Target-specific activity was also demonstrated in HER2-overexpressing human tumor xenografts, where the HER2-targeted formulation was significantly more efficacious than either free vincristine or non-targeted liposomal vincristine. These results demonstrate that active targeting of solid tumors with liposomal formulations of vincristine is possible when the resulting immunoliposomes are sufficiently stabilized

Study on Redevelopment of Kunming West Mountain Forest Park in the Experience Economy

At the background of the experience economy becoming major economic form in place of the service economy, forest experience develops vigorously and becomes a new approach for people alleviating pressure, acquiring knowledge, and relaxation. On the basis of analyzing concept and characteristics of the forest experience, this paper analyzed current situation of forest experience by taking Kunming West Mountain Forest Park as an example. It found there are existing problems in subject image, development methods and degree, professional personnel and concept. In view of these problems, it came up with recommendations including determining subject image, designing special products, accelerating cultivation of professional personnel, and strengthening training of forest experience concept. It is expected to provide reference for multi-functional use theory of China and provide ideas for developing forest experience projects

Enhanced perovskite electronic properties via A-site cation engineering

Organic-inorganic halide perovskites have emerged as excellent candidates for low-cost photovoltaics and optoelectronics. While the predominant recent trend in designing perovskites for efficient and stable solar cells has been to mix different A-site cations, the role of A-site cations is still limited to tune the lattice and bandgap of perovskites. Herein we compare the optoelectronic properties of acetamidinum (Ace) and guanidinium (Gua) mixed methylammonium lead iodide perovskites and shed a light on the hidden role of A-site cation on the carrier mobility of mixed-cation lead iodide perovskites. The cations do not affect the bandgap of the perovskites since the orbitals from Ace and Gua do not contribute to the band edges of the material. However, the mobility of the Ace mixed perovskite is significantly enhanced to be an order of magnitude higher than that of the pristine perovskite. We apply the Ace mixed perovskite in hole-conductor-free printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells and obtain a stabilized PCE of over 18% (certified 17.7%), which is the highest certified efficiency so far

Targeting VCP potentiates immune checkpoint therapy for colorectal cancer

Summary: Immune checkpoint blockade therapies are still ineffective for most patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Immunogenic cell death (ICD) enables the release of key immunostimulatory signals to drive efficient anti-tumor immunity, which could be used to potentiate the effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Here, we showed that inhibition of valosin-containing protein (VCP) elicits ICD in CRC. Meanwhile, VCP inhibitor upregulates PD-L1 expression and compromises anti-tumor immunity in vivo. Mechanistically, VCP transcriptionally regulates PD-L1 expression in a JAK1-dependent manner. Combining VCP inhibitor with anti-PD1 remodels tumor immune microenvironment and reduces tumor growth in mouse models of CRC. Addition of oncolytic virus further augments the therapeutic activity of the combination regimen. Our study shows the molecular mechanism for regulating PD-L1 expression by VCP and suggests that inhibition of VCP has the potential to increase the efficacy of immunotherapy in CRC