Landbruget i Sverige og Norge 1881.

Landbruget i Sverige og Norge 1881

Landbruget i Sverrig og Norge 1879.

Landbruget i Sverrig og Norge 1879

Nordic survey on assessment and treatment of fluid overload in intensive care

Funding Information: Acknowledgment to the physicians who helped with pretesting and supervision in the development of the survey: Maj Kjaergaard Kamper, Margrethe Duch Christensen, Lars Hein, Ulrik Skram, Dorthea Christensen, and Christian Sahl. Acknowledgment to the physicians who helped distribute the survey in their departments: Jon Henrik Laake, Christoffer Grant Sølling, Peter Toft, Elsebeth Haunstrup, Karina Baekby Houborg, Anne Højager Nielsen, Bodil Steen Rasmussen, Hansjörg Selter, Helle Scharling Pedersen, Mette Krag Vogelius, Thomas Strøm, Bjørn Mygil, Mads Kristian Holten, Michelle Chew, Per Martin Bådstøløkken, Johan Olsson, Erik Bruno, Thomas Kander, Nicklas Jonsson, Johan Mårtensson, Mattias Ringh, Anders, Paulsson, Christian Kahlbom, Marcus Castegren, Michael Haney, Karl Silvhamn, Minna Tallgren, Erika Wilkman, Sari Karlsson, Timo Porkkala, Stepani Bendel, Juha Koskenkari, Sami Mäenpää, Ari Alaspää, Tadeusz Kaminski, Johanna Kaunisto, Sanna-Maria Pohjanpaju, Björn Jäschke, Jouko Kähkönen and Antti Mäkelä, Eirik Alnes Buanes, Christian Magnus Langberg, Per Erik Ernø, Kay Rudi Karlsen, and Anne Cecilie Tvedten. Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2022 Zeuthen, Wichmann, Schønemann-Lund, Järvisalo, Rubenson-Wahlin, Sigurðsson, Holen and Bestle.Introduction: Fluid overload in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) is associated with higher mortality. There are few randomized controlled trials to guide physicians in treating patients with fluid overload in the ICU, and no guidelines exist. We aimed to elucidate how ICU physicians from Nordic countries define, assess, and treat fluid overload in the ICU. Materials and methods: We developed an online questionnaire with 18 questions. The questions were pre-tested and revised by specialists in intensive care medicine. Through a network of national coordinators. The survey was distributed to a wide range of Nordic ICU physicians. The distribution started on January 5th, 2022 and ended on May 6th, 2022. Results: We received a total of 1,066 responses from Denmark, Norway, Finland, Sweden, and Iceland. When assessing fluid status, respondents applied clinical parameters such as clinical examination findings, cumulative fluid balance, body weight, and urine output more frequently than cardiac/lung ultrasound, radiological appearances, and cardiac output monitoring. A large proportion of the respondents agreed that a 5% increase or more in body weight from baseline supported the diagnosis of fluid overload. The preferred de-resuscitation strategy was diuretics (91%), followed by minimization of maintenance (76%) and resuscitation fluids (71%). The majority declared that despite mild hypotension, mild hypernatremia, and ongoing vasopressor, they would not withhold treatment of fluid overload and would continue diuretics. The respondents were divided when it came to treating fluid overload with loop diuretics in patients receiving noradrenaline. Around 1% would not administer noradrenaline and diuretics simultaneously and 35% did not have a fixed upper limit for the dosage. The remaining respondents 63% reported different upper limits of noradrenaline infusion (0.05–0.50 mcg/kg/min) when administering loop diuretics. Conclusion: Self-reported practices among Nordic ICU physicians when assessing, diagnosing, and treating fluid overload reveals variability in the practice. A 5% increase in body weight was considered a minimum to support the diagnosis of fluid overload. Clinical examination findings were preferred for assessing, diagnosing and treating fluid overload, and diuretics were the preferred treatment modality.Peer reviewe

3D micro-macro fluid-structure model of pressure relief valve leak tightness

Controlling and assessing the leak tightness of a Pressure Relief Valve (PRV) has been a challenge since the original design of the product. With more stringent demands from the nu- clear power industry for leakproof PRV’s, closer to the set point, there has been a drive by both industry and academia for a better design method for many known metal-to-metal contacting seal/surface problems. This paper outlines a numerical modelling strategy drawn from industry experience and metrology measurements and investigates the effects of lapping and surface finish on leakage rate. Key influencing parameters of surface form, waviness and roughness are incorporated in the analysis. The numerical approach requires efficient coupling of a non-linear structural Finite Element Analysis (FEA) with a Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) solver. This allows the examination of the relationship between deformation of the contacting surfaces, based on the applied spring force, and the resulting micro-flow of gas through any available gaps and the overall leakage to be found. The API527 Seat Tightness methodology is followed to allow leakage rates to be measured and the computational model to be preliminarily validated. Using this model, engineers can adjust and optimise the design of pressure relief valves to find the minimal leakage condition for a given configuration. In addition, the numerical approach can potentially be applied to other metal-to-metal contacting surface components, such as flanges with metal gaskets, and help eliminate leakage