Carácter económico de la competencia: enfoques metodológicos generales del problema

In the period of structural and qualitative changes in the Russian economy, the development of the labor market and the educational services market, the effectiveness of economic education is largely determined by the level of formation of economic competencies of students. The development of the diversification process required bringing the education system in line with the requirements of market relations, the principles of alternatives and variability, ensuring the quality of education, which is the most important condition for the specialist’s demand in the labor market. The target component of the model of formation of students’ economic competences by definition includes the goals and objectives of economic training. The increased demand for economic knowledge has led to new forms of economic education. The activity component in the model of formation of economic competencies focuses on the fact that in the domestic system of education in relation to the vocational school there was a long-term practice of compiling the qualification characteristics of a specialist, which fixed the requirements for knowledge, skills and abilities of graduates of various specialties, where in addition to the knowledge paradigm there were the terms “readiness”, “ability”, “responsibility”, “understanding” and “worldview”, expanding the close framework of such a paradigm. The main idea of the activity approach in education is not connected with the activity itself, but with the activity as a means of formation and development of the student’s personality. The content component of the model involves the formation of students’ economic competencies in the form of key, professional and additional economic competencies at different levels of professional education, taking into account training in economic and non-economic specialties.En el período de cambios estructurales y cualitativos en la economía rusa, el desarrollo del mercado laboral y el mercado de servicios educativos, la efectividad de la educación económica está determinada en gran medida por el nivel de formación de competencias económicas de los estudiantes. El desarrollo del proceso de diversificación requirió alinear el sistema educativo con los requisitos de las relaciones de mercado, los principios de alternativas y variabilidad, asegurando la calidad de la educación, que es la condición más importante para la demanda del especialista en el mercado laboral. El componente objetivo del modelo de formación de las competencias económicas de los estudiantes, por definición, incluye las metas y objetivos de la formación económica. La mayor demanda de conocimiento económico ha llevado a nuevas formas de educación económica. El componente de actividad en el modelo de formación de competencias económicas se centra en el hecho de que en el sistema educativo interno en relación con la escuela vocacional había una práctica a largo plazo de recopilar las características de calificación de un especialista, que fijaba los requisitos de conocimiento, habilidades y destrezas de graduados de diversas especialidades, donde además del paradigma del conocimiento existían los términos “preparación”, “habilidad”, “responsabilidad”, “comprensión” y “visión del mundo”, ampliando el marco cercano de tal paradigma. La idea principal del enfoque de la actividad en la educación no está relacionada con la actividad en sí, sino con la actividad como un medio de formación y desarrollo de la personalidad del alumno. El componente de contenido del modelo implica la formación de competencias económicas de los estudiantes en forma de competencias económicas clave, profesionales y adicionales en diferentes niveles de educación profesional, teniendo en cuenta la capacitación en especialidades económicas y no económicas

Prevalence of oral anticoagulant therapy in clinical practice in patients hospitalized with acute ischemic stroke

Aim. To evaluate the prevalence of oral anticoagulant therapy at the outpatient and inpatient stages in patients hospitalized with ischemic stroke.Material and methods. This open observational prospective real-world study included 114 patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) hospitalized with confirmed stroke.Results. Only 26,3% of patients with AF hospitalized with a confirmed diagnosis of ischemic stroke took anticoagulants (70% — direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), 30% — warfarin). At the same time, among those taking warfarin, only one patient had normal international normalized ratio (INR) at the time of hospitalization (INR 2,6). In all other cases, the INR was <2. Of the 105 patients discharged at the outpatient stage, 93 (88,6%) patients were prescribed anticoagulants, and in most cases — DOACs (89 (84,8%)). 4 (3,8%) patients insisted on continuing warfarin therapy. There were following reasons for not prescribing DOACs: 4 (33,3%) patients were diagnosed with acute peptic ulcer during hospitalization, 2 (16,7%) — hemorrhagic transformation of the ischemic focus.Conclusion. One of the common reasons for stroke in outpatients with AF is the refusal to take oral anticoagulants or insufficient INR control when taking warfarin

Методы предотвращения спам-атак в социальных сетях

This paper deals with the phenomenon of spam in social networks and shows effective methods of preventing spam. In the first part, the concepts of spam, social networks are studied, and the history of the appearance of spam is described. The second part provides brief information about renaming a user account, account markets where the user account data is exchanged for a fee or other limited services. It is revealed that this operation and the use of the services of these markets can be a direct source of spam. In the third part, the methods of the authors of some articles are investigated. It is described in details how to deal with different types of spam. Three spam detection modules are analyzed: a COMPA system that helps to identify a compromised account; S3D – a spam detection module based on four light detectors; and FRAppE – a rigorous Facebook application evaluator. In addition, this part provides information on the results of various experiments conducted with these modules. Based on the studied information about modules and types of spam, the final part concludes on the effectiveness of their use and provides the results.В данной работе исследован феномен спама в социальных сетях и изучены эффективные методы предотвращения спама в социальных сетях. В первой части изучены понятия спама, социальных сетей, а также исследована история появления спама. Во второй части дана краткая информация о переименовании аккаунта пользователя, а также о рынках аккаунтов, которые предоставляют подписчиков в обмен на плату или другие ограниченные услуги в обмен на данные учетной записи пользователя и выявлено, что данная операция и использование услуг таких рынков могут стать прямым источником спама, который будет сыпаться на пользователя, допустившего ошибку. В третьей части исследованы методики авторов некоторых статей, в которых подробно разобрано, как справляться с различными видами спама. Изучены три модуля обнаружения спама: COMPA – система, которая поможет определить скомпрометированный аккаунт; S3D – модуль обнаружения спама, основанных на четырех легких детекторах; и FRAppE – строгий оценщик приложений Facebook. Здесь же приведена информация о результатах различных экспериментов, проведённых с данными модулями. На основе изученных модулей и видов спама в заключительной части делается вывод об эффективности их использования и дается информация о полученных результатах

REACTOR FOR PROCESSING OF SOLID WASTE

In the proposed reactor design. The calculation determined the cost of heat and the maximum initial moisture content of the product, which the plant works on itself. The performance of the reactor on the rate of pyrolysis and the minimum required height of the zone of drying calculated.В работе предложена конструкция реактора. В результате расчета определены затраты теплоты и максимальная начальная влажность продукта, при которой установка работает сама на себя. Рассчитана производительность реактора по скорости пиролиза и минимальная необходимая высота зоны сушки