15 research outputs found
Efficacy of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine against Enterococcus faecalis: a systematic review
The efficacy of the sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine (CHX) on Enterococcus faecalis was evaluated by systematic review and meta-analysis. The search strategies included search in electronic biomedical journal databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL) and handsearching records, using different matches of keywords for NaOCl, CHX and Enterococcus faecalis. From 41 in vivo studies, 5 studies met the inclusion criteria. In a sample containing 159 teeth, E. faecalis was detected initially in 16 (10%) teeth by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and 42 (26.4%) teeth by microbial culture techniques. After root canal disinfection, this species was observed in 11 (6.9%) teeth by PCR and 12 (7.5%) teeth by culture. Risk differences of included studies were combined as generic inverse variance data type (Review Manager Version 5.0 _ Cochrane Collaboration, http://www.cc-ims.net, accessed 15 May 2008), taking into account the separate tracking of positive and negative cultures/PCR. The level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05. In conclusion, NaOCl or CHX showed low ability to eliminate E. faecalis when evaluated by either PCR or culture techniques
Alkane Functionalization via Electrophilic Activation
Electrophilic activation, which may be defined as the substitution of a
transition metal center for a proton to generate a new metalâcarbon bond, is the
basis of a number of promising approaches to selective catalytic functionalization
of alkanes. The field was introduced by the groundbreaking chemistry exhibited by
aqueous chloroplatinum complexes, reported by Shilov in the early 1970s. Since
then the field has expanded greatly, and electrophilic alkane activation has been
demonstrated using a wide variety of species. These include ligand-supported
platinum complexes; complexes of additional late transition metals, most commonly
palladium but also iridium, gold and others; and even post-transition metals
such as mercury. That body of work is surveyed here, with particular emphasis on
mechanistic understanding, examples of actual functionalization at sp^3-hybridized
CâH bonds in alkanes and related compounds, and assessment of the further
development that will be needed for practical applications