Conductance oscillation and quantization in monoatomic Al wires

We present first-principles calculations for the transport properties of monoatomic Al wires sandwiched between Al(100) electrodes. The conductance of the monoatomic Al wires oscillates with the number of the constituent atoms as a function of the wire length, either with a period of four-atom for wires with the typical interatomic spacing or a period of six-atom with the interatomic spacing of the bulk fcc aluminum, indicating a dependence of the period of conductance oscillation on the interatomic distance of the monoatomic Al wires

Unscrambling Structured Chirality with Structured Light at the Nanoscale Using Photoinduced Force

We show that the gradient force generated by the near field of a chiral nanoparticle carries information about its chirality. On the basis of this physical phenomenon we propose a new microscopy technique that enables the prediction of spatial features of chirality of nanoscale samples by exploiting the photoinduced optical force exerted on an achiral tip in the vicinity of the test specimen. The tip-sample interactive system is illuminated by structured light to probe both the transverse and longitudinal (with respect to the beam propagation direction) components of the sample's magnetoelectric polarizability as the manifestation of its sense of handedness, i.e., chirality. We specifically prove that although circularly polarized waves are adequate to detect the transverse polarizability components of the sample, they are unable to probe the longitudinal component. To overcome this inadequacy and probe the longitudinal chirality, we propose a judiciously engineered combination of radially and azimuthally polarized beams as optical vortices possessing pure longitudinal electric and magnetic field components along their vortex axis, respectively. The proposed technique may benefit branches of science such as stereochemistry, biomedicine, physical and material science, and pharmaceutics

Enantiospecific Detection of Chiral Nanosamples Using Photoinduced Force

We propose a high-resolution microscopy technique for enantiospecific detection of chiral samples down to sub-100-nm size based on force measurement. We delve into the differential photoinduced optical force ΔF exerted on an achiral probe in the vicinity of a chiral sample when left and right circularly polarized beams separately excite the sample-probe interactive system. We analytically prove that ΔF is entangled with the enantiomer type of the sample enabling enantiospecific detection of chiral inclusions. Moreover, we demonstrate that ΔF is linearly dependent on both the chiral response of the sample and the electric response of the tip and is inversely related to the quartic power of probe-sample distance. We provide physical insight into the transfer of optical activity from the chiral sample to the achiral tip based on a rigorous analytical approach. We support our theoretical achievements by several numerical examples highlighting the potential application of the derived analytic properties. Lastly, we demonstrate the sensitivity of our method to enantiospecify nanoscale chiral samples with chirality parameter on the order of 0.01 and discuss how the sensitivity of our proposed technique can be further improved

Classical Poisson structures and r-matrices from constrained flows

We construct the classical Poisson structure and $r$-matrix for some finite dimensional integrable Hamiltonian systems obtained by constraining the flows of soliton equations in a certain way. This approach allows one to produce new kinds of classical, dynamical Yang-Baxter structures. To illustrate the method we present the $r$-matrices associated with the constrained flows of the Kaup-Newell, KdV, AKNS, WKI and TG hierarchies, all generated by a 2-dimensional eigenvalue problem. Some of the obtained $r$-matrices depend only on the spectral parameters, but others depend also on the dynamical variables. For consistency they have to obey a classical Yang-Baxter-type equation, possibly with dynamical extra terms.Comment: 16 pages in LaTe

BsB_s Semileptonic Decays to DsD_s and Ds∗D_s^* in Bethe-Salpeter Method

Using the relativistic Bethe-Salpeter method, the electron energy spectrum and the semileptonic decay widths of $B^0_s\to D^-_s \ell^+{\nu_\ell}$ and $B^0_s\to D_s^{*-}\ell^+{\nu_\ell}$ are calculated. We obtained large branching ratios, $Br(B_s\to D_se\nu_e)=(2.85\pm0.35)$ and $Br (B_s\to D_s^*e\nu_e)=(7.09\pm0.88)$, which can be easily detected in the future experiment.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figures

Deriving N-soliton solutions via constrained flows

The soliton equations can be factorized by two commuting x- and t-constrained flows. We propose a method to derive N-soliton solutions of soliton equations directly from the x- and t-constrained flows.Comment: 8 pages, AmsTex, no figures, to be published in Journal of Physics

On the Toda Lattice Equation with Self-Consistent Sources

The Toda lattice hierarchy with self-consistent sources and their Lax representation are derived. We construct a forward Darboux transformation (FDT) with arbitrary functions of time and a generalized forward Darboux transformation (GFDT) for Toda lattice with self-consistent sources (TLSCS), which can serve as a non-auto-Backlund transformation between TLSCS with different degrees of sources. With the help of such DT, we can construct many type of solutions to TLSCS, such as rational solution, solitons, positons, negetons, and soliton-positons, soliton-negatons, positon-negatons etc., and study properties and interactions of these solutions.Comment: 20 page