8 research outputs found
ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²
Fiber-optic sensors for identifying liquids and determining the concentration of solutions have been studied with the possibility of using various types of single-mode optical fibers produced by industry and widely used in optical cables and telecommunications to create sensors for identifying liquids and determining the concentration of solutions. To identify liquids with different refractive indices and determine the concentration of substances dissolved in water, the peak value of the reflectograms of the optical fiber located at the interface between the optical fiber core and the environment can be used as an information parameter. The value of the information parameter depends on the refractive index of the liquid in which one end of the optical fiber is located. The parameters of fiber-optic sensors for identifying liquids and determining the concentration of solutions were studied by optical reflectometry in different wavelength ranges of optical radiation with a duration of reflectometer probe pulses from 25 to 300 ns. It has been established that the fiber-optic sensor can operate at any wavelength of optical radiation corresponding to the transparency windows of the optical loss spectrum of the optical fiber. The influence of the length of the optical fiber between the recording device and the place where the concentration of a liquid solution is determined using a fiber-optic sensor was studied. The possibility of creating a fiber-optic sensor for determining the concentration of the liquid solutions based on optical fibers has been demonstrated.ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½, ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π² ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ°Π±Π΅Π»ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ
, Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°, Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π° Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ. ΠΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°. ΠΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΎΡ 25 Π΄ΠΎ 300 Π½Ρ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π° Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°
ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°
The research results of multisensors based on optical fiber, the principle of which is to change the conditions of propagation of optical radiation in the optical fiber in the places where macro-bends are formed at the points of impact, are presented in the paper. The formation of macro-bends leads to an additional attenuation of the power of optical radiation propagating through the optical fiber. A single-mode optical fiber was used with the parameters, which are supported by numerous manufacturers and comply with the recommendations of ITU-T G.655. The measurements were carried out for four wavelengths of optical radiation (1310, 1490, 1550, 1625 nm), corresponding to the transparency windows of the optical loss spectrum of the optical fiber. Using optical reflectometry methods, it was determined that the amount of attenuation of optical radiation of each macro-bend formed at the point of action of the multisensor does not depend on the number of simultaneously formed macro-bends and also does not depend on the location of the point of action along the length of the multisensor. The dependences of the attenuation of the optical radiation power introduced by the macro-bends of the optical fiber on the radius, length, or angle of the macro-bends formed at the multisensory impact points are determined experimentally. The obtained dependences also allow one to determine the optimal parameters of the formed macro-bends of the multisensor to obtain the maximum range of attenuation change for each value of the wavelength. The values of the minimum distance between the impact points, the maximum number of impact points and the optimal values of the radius and angle of the optical fiber macro-bend at the impact points are determined. The results obtained provide opportunities to continue the development of multisensors that allow us to receive information about parameters from several impact points, that are located on a single optical fiber, simultaneously.Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π΅ Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Ρ. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ‘Π-Π’ G.655. ΠΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Ρ
Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ (1310, 1490, 1550, 1625 Π½ΠΌ), ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΈΠ±Π°, ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°, Π½Π΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°. ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π²Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°, ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°, Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ³Π»Π° ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½Ρ. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ, ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ³Π»Π° ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΈΠ±Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π° Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΡ ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ
Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Ρ
Molecular excitation in the Interstellar Medium: recent advances in collisional, radiative and chemical processes
We review the different excitation processes in the interstellar mediumComment: Accepted in Chem. Re
Studying the rate of data transfer through an optical communication channel with a detector based on a photon counter
Research of multisensor characteristics based on optical fiber
Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π΅ Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Ρ. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ‘Π-Π’ G.655. ΠΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Ρ
Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ (1310, 1490, 1550, 1625 Π½ΠΌ), ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΈΠ±Π°, ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°, Π½Π΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°. ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π²Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°, ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°, Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ³Π»Π° ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½Ρ. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ, ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ³Π»Π° ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΈΠ±Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π° Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΡ ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ
Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Ρ. The research results of multisensors based on optical fiber, the principle of which is to change the conditions of propagation of optical radiation in the optical fiber in the places where macro-bends are formed at the points of impact, are presented in the paper. The formation of macro-bends leads to an additional attenuation of the power of optical radiation propagating through the optical fiber. A single-mode optical fiber was used with the parameters, which are supported by numerous manufacturers and comply with the recommendations of ITU-T G.655. The measurements were carried out for four wavelengths of optical radiation (1310, 1490, 1550, 1625 nm), corresponding to the transparency windows of the optical loss spectrum of the optical fiber. Using optical reflectometry methods, it was determined that the amount of attenuation of optical radiation of each macro-bend formed at the point of action of the multisensor does not depend on the number of simultaneously formed macro-bends and also does not depend on the location of the point of action along the length of the multisensor. The dependences of the attenuation of the optical radiation power introduced by the macro-bends of the optical fiber on the radius, length, or angle of the macro-bends formed at the multisensor impact points are determined experimentally. The obtained dependences also allow one to determine the optimal parameters of the formed macro-bends of the multisensor to obtain the maximum range of attenuation change for each value of the wavelength. The values of the minimum distance between the impact points, the maximum number of impact points and the optimal values of the radius and angle of the optical fiber macro-bend at the impact points are determined. The results obtained provide opportunities to continue the development of multisensors that allow us to receive information about parameters from several impact points, that are located on a single optical fiber, simultaneously