Prevalence of headache in Europe: a review for the Eurolight project

The main aim of the present study was to do an update on studies on headache epidemiology as a preparation for the multinational European study on the prevalence and burden of headache and investigate the impact of different methodological issues on the results. The study was based on a previous study, and a systematic literature search was performed to identify the newest studies. More than 50% of adults indicate that they suffer from headache in general during the last year or less, but when asked specifically about tension-type headache, the prevalence was 60%. Migraine occurs in 15%, chronic headache in about 4% and possible medication overuse headache in 1–2%. Cluster headache has a lifetime prevalence of 0.2–0.3%. Most headaches are more prevalent in women, and somewhat less prevalent in children and youth. Some studies indicate that the headache prevalence is increasing during the last decades in Europe. As to methodological issues, lifetime prevalences are in general higher than 1-year prevalences, but the exact time frame of headache (1 year, 6 or 3 months, or no time frame stated) seems to be of less importance. Studies using personal interviews seem to give somewhat higher prevalences than those using questionnaires

Overview of diagnosis and management of paediatric headache. Part I: diagnosis

Headache is the most common somatic complaint in children and adolescents. The evaluation should include detailed history of children and adolescents completed by detailed general and neurological examinations. Moreover, the possible role of psychological factors, life events and excessively stressful lifestyle in influencing recurrent headache need to be checked. The choice of laboratory tests rests on the differential diagnosis suggested by the history, the character and temporal pattern of the headache, and the physical and neurological examinations. Subjects who have any signs or symptoms of focal/progressive neurological disturbances should be investigated by neuroimaging techniques. The electroencephalogram and other neurophysiological examinations are of limited value in the routine evaluation of headaches. In a primary headache disorder, headache itself is the illness and headache is not attributed to any other disorder (e.g. migraine, tension-type headache, cluster headache and other trigeminal autonomic cephalgias). In secondary headache disorders, headache is the symptom of identifiable structural, metabolic or other abnormality. Red flags include the first or worst headache ever in the life, recent headache onset, increasing severity or frequency, occipital location, awakening from sleep because of headache, headache occurring exclusively in the morning associated with severe vomiting and headache associated with straining. Thus, the differential diagnosis between primary and secondary headaches rests mainly on clinical criteria. A thorough evaluation of headache in children and adolescents is necessary to make the correct diagnosis and initiate treatment, bearing in mind that children with headache are more likely to experience psychosocial adversity and to grow up with an excess of both headache and other physical and psychiatric symptoms and this creates an important healthcare problem for their future life

Adaptation of the Turkish version of Nurses' Self Concept Questionnaire.

OBJECTIVES: Nurse's self-concept is significant for professionalism. We aimed to determine the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of a Nurses' Self Concept Questionnaire. METHODS: A methodological study was conducted with the participation of a group of nursing students and nurses. For the statistical analysis, structural equation models, convergent validity analyses, discriminate validity analyses, internal consistency analysis, and test-retest reliability analyses were used. RESULTS: Correlation-coefficient for the test-retest reliability of the Turkish version of Nurses' Self-Concept Questionnaire was 0.87. The internal consistency of this questionnaire was calculated with Cronbach's α coefficient and it was found high across the six subscales from 0.83 to 0.91. The goodness of fit indices was determined as acceptable. CONCLUSIONS: According to results, this Nurses' Self-Concept Questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing nurses' and nursing students' self-concept in Turkey

Sternotomy Patients

The most painful activities during the days following cardiac surgery are coughing and deep breathing exercises. Cold therapy is an effective nonpharmacological method that decreases the pain during coughing and mobilization. In this study, the effects of cold therapy on pain and breathing exercises among patients with median sternotomy following cardiac surgery were investigated in a randomized crossover clinical trial. Data were collected from patients with median sternotomy (N = 34) in the first two postoperative days. Because of the crossover design of the study, each patient was taken as a simultaneous control. Gel pack application was used as the cold therapy. Patients underwent four episodes of deep breathing and coughing exercises using an incentive spirometer (volumetric). Patients were evaluated according to the visual analogue scale for pain intensity before and after deep breathing and coughing exercise sessions. The pain score was 3.44 +/- 2.45 at baseline for deep breathing and coughing exercises on the first day. The reported postoperative pain in the gel-pack group was not significantly different before and after the deep breathing and coughing exercises, but it significantly increased in the no-gel-pack group (p < .001). Although the interaction between the treatment and time was significant (partial eta-squared: .09), the gel-pack group had a lower change in average pain levels. This interaction was not significant in terms of spirometric values. In conclusion, cold therapy had a positive effect on pain management in the early period of post-cardiac surgery but was not effective for the pain associated with breathing exercises. (C) 2016 by the American Society for Pain Management Nursin

Effects of Cold Therapy on Pain and Breathing Exercises Among Median Sternotomy Patients.

The most painful activities during the days following cardiac surgery are coughing and deep breathing exercises. Cold therapy is an effective nonpharmacological method that decreases the pain during coughing and mobilization. In this study, the effects of cold therapy on pain and breathing exercises among patients with median sternotomy following cardiac surgery were investigated in a randomized crossover clinical trial. Data were collected from patients with median sternotomy (N = 34) in the first two postoperative days. Because of the crossover design of the study, each patient was taken as a simultaneous control. Gel pack application was used as the cold therapy. Patients underwent four episodes of deep breathing and coughing exercises using an incentive spirometer (volumetric). Patients were evaluated according to the visual analogue scale for pain intensity before and after deep breathing and coughing exercise sessions. The pain score was 3.44 ± 2.45 at baseline for deep breathing and coughing exercises on the first day. The reported postoperative pain in the gel-pack group was not significantly different before and after the deep breathing and coughing exercises, but it significantly increased in the no-gel-pack group (p < .001). Although the interaction between the treatment and time was significant (partial eta-squared: .09), the gel-pack group had a lower change in average pain levels. This interaction was not significant in terms of spirometric values. In conclusion, cold therapy had a positive effect on pain management in the early period of post-cardiac surgery but was not effective for the pain associated with breathing exercises

factors causing interruptions

Aim This study was conducted in an attempt to examine the number and duration of interruptions during the medication preparation process and to identify the factors causing these interruptions.Background Interruptions during the medication preparation process can cause medication errors owing to nurses' lack of attention.Method A descriptive study was conducted at the Internal Diseases and General Surgery services of a university hospital between 15 June 2012 and 30 July 2012. The data were collected using the 'Observation Form of Preparing Medication.'Result A total of 122 observations were made in the study. It was found that there was an interruption during the process of preparing medication in 95.9% of observations. The average number (+/- SD) of interruptions was 5.8 +/- 4. The individuals causing the interruption during medication preparation were primarily nurses working in the same service. Receiving from or giving materials to the treatment room were the main reasons for the interruptions.Conclusion This study found a very high interruption rate during the process of preparing medications

Interruption of the medication preparation process and an examination of factors causing interruptions.

AIM: This study was conducted in an attempt to examine the number and duration of interruptions during the medication preparation process and to identify the factors causing these interruptions. BACKGROUND: Interruptions during the medication preparation process can cause medication errors owing to nurses' lack of attention. METHOD: A descriptive study was conducted at the Internal Diseases and General Surgery services of a university hospital between 15 June 2012 and 30 July 2012. The data were collected using the 'Observation Form of Preparing Medication.' RESULT: A total of 122 observations were made in the study. It was found that there was an interruption during the process of preparing medication in 95.9% of observations. The average number (±SD) of interruptions was 5.8 ± 4. The individuals causing the interruption during medication preparation were primarily nurses working in the same service. Receiving from or giving materials to the treatment room were the main reasons for the interruptions. CONCLUSION: This study found a very high interruption rate during the process of preparing medications. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: As interruptions during medication preparation can cause medical errors, in-service teaching should be provided to raise awareness for this important issue. The findings of the study can be useful for enhancing the conditions of the physical environment, separating the treatment rooms and using the treatment rooms only for preparing medication

in Turkey

Objective: The aim of the present study was to explore the prevalence and comorbidity rates of ADHD in a community sample of school-age children. Method: Participants were 1,508 children aged 6 to 14 years. Parents and teachers of each child completed the Turgay Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale (T-DSM-IV-S). Screen-positive cases were interviewed using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL). Diagnoses were based on DSM-IV criteria. Results: The prevalence rate of ADHD was 8%. Children from extended families had extremely high rates (46.4%) of ADHD. Sixty percent of children with ADHD had one or more comorbid diagnoses. The most common comorbidities were learning disorders (35.7%) and oppositional defiant disorder (22.6%). Conclusion: The prevalence and comorbidity rates of ADHD in school-age children in Turkey are similar to those found in previous studies in other countries.C1 [Zorlu, Adil] Izmir Tepecik Training & Res Hosp, Izmir, Turkey.[Unlu, Gulsen; Cakaloz, Burcu; Buber, Ahmet] Pamukkale Univ, Fac Med, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, TR-20070 Denizli, Turkey.[Zencir, Mehmet] Pamukkale Univ, Fac Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Denizli, Turkey.[Isildar, Yetis] Sami Ulus Training & Res Hosp, Ankara, Turkey

Effects of Secondary Metabolites from the Fungus Septofusidium berolinense on DNA Cleavage Mediated by Human Topoisomerase II?

PubMed ID: 26894873Two metabolites from the ascomycete fungus Septofusidium berolinense were recently identified as having antineoplastic activity [Ekiz et al. (2015) J. Antibiot., DOI: 10.1038/ja.2015.84]. However, the basis for this activity is not known. One of the compounds [3,6-dihydroxy-2-propylbenzaldehyde (GE-1)] is a hydroquinone, and the other [2-hydroxymethyl-3-propylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (GE-2)] is a quinone. Because some hydroquinones and quinones act as topoisomerase II poisons, the effects of GE-1 and GE-2 on DNA cleavage mediated by human topoisomerase II? were assessed. GE-2 enhanced DNA cleavage ~4-fold and induced scission with a site specificity similar to that of the anticancer drug etoposide. Similar to other quinone-based topoisomerase II poisons, GE-2 displayed several hallmark characteristics of covalent topoisomerase II poisons, including (1) the inability to poison a topoisomerase II? construct that lacks the N-terminal domain, (2) the inhibition of DNA cleavage when the compound was incubated with the enzyme prior to the addition of plasmid, and (3) the loss of poisoning activity in the presence of a reducing agent. In contrast to GE-2, GE-1 did not enhance DNA cleavage mediated by topoisomerase II? except at very high concentrations. However, the activity and potency of the metabolite were dramatically enhanced under oxidizing conditions. These results suggest that topoisomerase II? may play a role in mediating the cytotoxic effects of these fungal metabolites. © 2016 American Chemical Society.115Z349 National Institutes of Health National Institutes of Health: R25 GM062459, T32 GM008320 L/028, 109S361This research was supported by grant GM033944 (N.O.) from the National Institutes of Health, grants from TUBITAK (109S361) and EBILTEM (2012/BI?L/028) (E.B.), and grant 115Z349 (Z.T.) from the Turkish Scientific and Technical Research Assembly. K.R.V. was a trainee under NIH grants R25 GM062459 and T32 GM008320 and was supported in part by a Research Supplement to Grant GM033944 to Promote Diversity in Health-Related Research. We are grateful to Rachel E. Ashley, Lorena Infante Lara, Elizabeth G. Gibson, and Jo Ann Byl for their critical reading of the manuscript. -