Seleção de linhagens de feijão com alto desempenho agronômico e elevadas concentrações de cálcio e ferro

The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic variability of common bean lines for cycle, weight of 100 grains, grain yield, cooking time, and grain calcium and iron concentrations. Twenty‑four common bean lines were evaluated in two crop cycles (2010 and 2011). The ¯Z index was used for the selection of superior lines for most of the traits. The DF 06‑19, DF 06‑03, DF 06‑17, DF 06‑20, DF 06‑11, DF 06‑14, DF 06‑01, DF 06‑08, DF 06‑22, and DF 06‑04 lines showed high grain yield. All lines were of semi‑early cycle and of fast cooking. The DF 06‑08 and DF 06‑23 lines showed high calcium concentration in grains (>1.4 g kg‑1 dry matter – DM), and the DF 06‑09, DF 06‑03, DF 06‑04, and DF 06‑06 lines presented high iron concentration in grains (>0.95 g kg‑1 DM) in the two crop cycles. The DF 06‑09 and DF 06‑03 carioca lines present high agronomic performance and high iron concentration in grains. The DF 06‑17 and DF 06‑08 black lines present high agronomic performance and high calcium concentration in grains. The selection of the DF 06‑09, DF 06‑03, DF 06‑17, and DF 06‑08 lines is recommended.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a variabilidade genética de linhagens de feijão para ciclo, massa de 100 grãos, produtividade de grãos, tempo de cozimento e concentração de cálcio e ferro nos grãos. Vinte e quatro linhagens de feijão foram avaliadas em dois ciclos de cultura (2010 e 2011). O índice ¯Z foi usado para a seleção de linhagens superiores, para a maioria dos caracteres. As linhagens DF 06‑19, DF 06‑03, DF 06‑17, DF 06‑20, DF 06‑11, DF 06‑14, DF 06‑01, DF 06‑08, DF 06‑22 e DF 06‑04 apresentaram alta produtividade de grãos. Todas as linhagens foram de ciclo semiprecoce e de rápido cozimento. As linhagens DF 06‑08 e DF 06‑23 apresentaram alta concentração de cálcio nos grãos (>1,4 g kg‑1 de matéria seca – MS), e as linhagens DF 06‑09, DF 06‑03, DF 06‑04 e DF 06‑06 apresentaram alta concentração de ferro nos grãos (>0,95 g kg‑1 de MS), nos dois anos agrícolas. As linhagens do grupo carioca DF 06‑09 e DF 06‑03 apresentam alto desempenho agronômico e alta concentração de ferro nos grãos. As linhagens do grupo preto DF 06‑17 e DF 06‑08 apresentam alto desempenho agronômico e alta concentração de cálcio nos grãos. A seleção das linhagens DF 06‑09, DF 06‑03, DF 06‑17 e DF 06‑08 é recomendada

Selection of common bean lines with high agronomic performance and high calcium and iron concentrations

The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic variability of common bean lines for cycle, weight of 100 grains, grain yield, cooking time, and grain calcium and iron concentrations. Twenty-four common bean lines were evaluated in two crop cycles (2010 and 2011). The ¯Z index was used for the selection of superior lines for most of the traits. The DF 06-19, DF 06-03, DF 06-17, DF 06-20, DF 06-11, DF 06-14, DF 06-01, DF 06-08, DF 06-22, and DF 06-04 lines showed high grain yield. All lines were of semi-early cycle and of fast cooking. The DF 06-08 and DF 06-23 lines showed high calcium concentration in grains (>1.4 g kg-1 dry matter - DM), and the DF 06-09, DF 06-03, DF 06-04, and DF 06-06 lines presented high iron concentration in grains (>0.95 g kg-1 DM) in the two crop cycles. The DF 06-09 and DF 06-03 carioca lines present high agronomic performance and high iron concentration in grains. The DF 06-17 and DF 06-08 black lines present high agronomic performance and high calcium concentration in grains. The selection of the DF 06-09, DF 06-03, DF 06-17, and DF 06-08 lines is recommended

Genetic parameters of iron and zinc concentrations in Andean common bean seeds

ABSTRACT. The genetic parameter estimates of the iron and zinc concentrations in Andean common bean seeds were obtained using the IAC Boreal × Light Red Kidney and Ouro Branco × Light Red Kidney crosses. The parents and the F1, F1 reciprocal, F2, F2 reciprocal, and backcross BC11 and BC12 generations were evaluated in a field experiment that was carried out in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The iron concentration in Andean common bean seeds ranged from 24.70 to 102.40 mg kg-1 dry matter (DM), the zinc concentration ranged from 10.73 to 37.50 mg kg-1 DM, and no significant maternal effect was observed. The narrow-sense heritability ranged from low (h2n= 19.04%) to high (h2n= 63.60%) for the concentrations of iron and zinc, respectively. Hybrid vigor and transgressive segregation were observed for the iron and zinc concentrations in Andean common bean seeds. In the hybrid combination IAC Boreal × Light Red Kidney, it was possible to select recombinants for the iron and zinc biofortification program. From the tested hybrid combinations, recombinants with low iron and zinc concentrations in seeds could be selected to use when the diet needs to be restricted in those minerals

Genetic parameters of iron and zinc concentrations in Andean common bean seeds

The genetic parameter estimates of the iron and zinc concentrations in Andean common bean seeds were obtained using the IAC Boreal × Light Red Kidney and Ouro Branco × Light Red Kidney crosses. The parents and the F1, F1 reciprocal, F2, F2 reciprocal, and backcross BC11 and BC12 generations were evaluated in a field experiment that was carried out in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The iron concentration in Andean common bean seeds ranged from 24.70 to 102.40 mg kg-1 dry matter (DM), the zinc concentration ranged from 10.73 to 37.50 mg kg-1 DM, and no significant maternal effect was observed. The narrow-sense heritability ranged from low (h2n= 19.04%) to high (h2n= 63.60%) for the concentrations of iron and zinc, respectively. Hybrid vigor and transgressive segregation were observed for the iron and zinc concentrations in Andean common bean seeds. In the hybrid combination IAC Boreal × Light Red Kidney, it was possible to select recombinants for the iron and zinc biofortification program. From the tested hybrid combinations, recombinants with low iron and zinc concentrations in seeds could be selected to use when the diet needs to be restricted in those minerals.

Desempenho agronômico e qualidade de cozimento de linhagens de feijão de grãos especiais

O cultivo de feijão de grãos especiais ainda é restrito no Brasil. Portanto, os objetivos foram: i) avaliar os efeitos da interação linhagem x ambiente nos caracteres que controlam o desempenho agronômico e o tempo de cozimento em linhagens de feijão de grãos especiais e ii) identificar linhagens de alto desempenho agronômico e de reduzido tempo de cozimento. Para isso, 29 linhagens de feijão de grãos especiais foram avaliadas em diferentes locais, anos e épocas de cultivo. Interação linhagem x ambiente significativa foi observada para todos os caracteres avaliados. As linhagens Light Red Kidney, Red Kanner, Montcalm, Chinock e BRS Radiante apresentaram produtividade de grãos similar nos quatro ambientes. As linhagens avaliadas possuem ciclo semi-precoce ou precoce e têm características morfológicas desejáveis. Os seguintes valores de claridade de tegumento de grãos foram obtidos para feijão branco (72,85 a 82,25), rajado (33,06 a 62,57), vermelho (24,51 a 43,69), verde (57,01 a 62,36) e rosa (49,95 a 55,60). O tempo de cozimento variou de 14 min e 38 seg a 36 min e 21 seg. As linhagens de feijão de grãos especiais de tegumento vermelho (Light Red Kidney, Red Kanner, Montcalm e Chinock) e de tegumento rajado (BRS Radiante) apresentam alto desempenho agronômico e reduzido tempo de cozimento nas condições avaliadas

<b>Growth, grain yield and calcium, potassium and magnesium accumulation in common bean plants as related to calcium nutrition

The objective of this work was to evaluate the plant growth and grain yield characteristics and the accumulation of calcium, potassium and magnesium in the leaves and grains of common bean cultivars grown with different calcium concentrations in the nutrient solution. Two experiments were conducted with nutrient solutions in a soilless system in a greenhouse. In the first experiment, five calcium concentrations (1.10, 1.65, 2.20, 2.75 and 3.30 mmol L-1) and three common bean cultivars (Iraí, BRS Expedito and Carioca) were evaluated. Higher calcium concentrations (2.20, 2.75, 3.30, 3.85, 4.40 and 4.95 mmol L-1)and two common bean cultivars (BRS Expedito and Carioca) were tested in the second experiment. Dry mass of the shoot and root, grain yield and calcium accumulation in the leaves and grains increased linearly in common bean plants supplied with calcium concentrations between 2.20 and 4.95 mmol L-1. The high calcium concentration did not reduce the accumulation of calcium, potassium and magnesium in the leaves and grains. Common bean plants grown with high calcium concentrations present higher dry mass of the shoot and root, high grain yield and high calcium concentration in the leaves and grains.

Selection of common bean lines for calcium use efficiency

The study of the calcium use efficiency in common bean is unprecedented. Therefore, the objectives of this work were to evaluate the genetic variability of common bean lines for plant growth and grain yield characters, the calcium accumulation in different plant tissues at low and high calcium availabilities, and to select common bean lines with high calcium use efficiency and responsive to the calcium application by different indices. Twelve common bean lines were supplied with a nutrient solution at low (1.10 mmol L-1) and high (3.85 mmol L-1) calcium concentration and were evaluated. The L 15 line reached the higher values of dry mass of shoot, number of pods and grains per plant, number of grains per pod and grain yield at the low calcium concentration. Calcium accumulation in tissues was, on average, higher in leaves, followed by stems, pods and grains. The L 175 and L 159 lines have higher calcium concentration in grains (> 1.1 g kg-1 MS), regardless of the calcium concentration supplied to plants. The L15 line is efficient in calcium use. The L 221 and L 159 lines are responsive to the calcium application in the rooting medium

Selection of common bean lines for calcium use efficiency

The study of the calcium use efficiency in common bean is unprecedented. Therefore, the objectives of this work were to evaluate the genetic variability of common bean lines for plant growth and grain yield characters, the calcium accumulation in different plant tissues at low and high calcium availabilities, and to select common bean lines with high calcium use efficiency and responsive to the calcium application by different indices. Twelve common bean lines were supplied with a nutrient solution at low (1.10 mmol L-1) and high (3.85 mmol L-1) calcium concentration and were evaluated. The L 15 line reached the higher values of dry mass of shoot, number of pods and grains per plant, number of grains per pod and grain yield at the low calcium concentration. Calcium accumulation in tissues was, on average, higher in leaves, followed by stems, pods and grains. The L 175 and L 159 lines have higher calcium concentration in grains (> 1.1 g kg-1 MS), regardless of the calcium concentration supplied to plants. The L15 line is efficient in calcium use. The L 221 and L 159 lines are responsive to the calcium application in the rooting medium