THE ROLE OF MICROBIOLOGICAL MONITORING IN THE SYSTEM OF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE OF HOSPITAL INFECTIONS

Purpose of the study: Analysis of the prevalence of etiologic structure and antibiotic resistance profile of pathogens associated with health care (HAI) in surgical and intensive care units of the Belgorod Regional Clinical Hospital of St. Joasaph in dynamics for 2014-2015. Materials and methods: The material provided by the results of clinical observation of purulent inflammatory infections (PII) and bacterial complications in patients over the last 2 years. We used conventional microbiological methods for isolating a pure culture of the pathogen and determine its sensitivity to the antibiotic disk diffusion method and by bacteriological analyzer Walk Away. Studies have blood cultures performed on the analyzer BACTEC Becton Dickinson. We used data qLIS laboratory information system containing information about pathogens HAI in dynamics for 2014-2015 years. Results: In the etiological structure of catheter-related infections were the dominant pathogens S. aureus (15.6%) S. epidermidis MRSA (9%). S. epidermidis (1.7%) and K. pneumoniae (11.3%). and Ent. aerogenes (3.5%). In the microbial landscape of respiratory infections and lung leading microflora were Str. species (31.6%), S. aureus (7%) and P. aeruginoza (6.5%). K. pneumoniae (6.3%) as well as fungi of the genus Candida (8.8%). The etiology of skin and soft tissue infections were problematic pathogens P. aeruginoza (11.7%) E. coli (6.6%) K. pneumoniae (3.9%) and Gr + bacteria S. aureus (20.7%) S. epidermidis (8.8%). Urinary tract infections were mainly caused by E. coli (28.5%). K. pneumoniae (9,1%), Ent. aerogenes (7,5%) and E. faecalis (7%). E. faecium (11%). The etiology intraabdominal infections were problematic pathogens P. aeruginoza (10.7%). E. coli (6.9%). K. pneumoniae (4.9%) and S. aureus (17%) S. epidermidis (8.6%) All cases of nosocomial infections caused by CNS .nt. aerogenes (33.3%) K. pneumoniae (16.7%) A. baumannii (16.7%) and S.epidermidis (16.7%). S. haemolyticus (16.7%). Selected strains of microorganisms characterized by multidrug-resistant to most used antimicrobials in the hospital. Conclusion: The problem of the development of rational treatment algorithms for each hospital remains quite relevant. Without predicting microbiological monitoring, the effectiveness of treatment HAI, it is quite difficult. The study of patterns of spread of pathogens epidemiologically important species allows to predict the intensity and nature of patient infection. Status HAI resistance of pathogens to antibiotics is an important parameter for the rational empirical and then the causal treatment and prevention foundation PII in critically ill patients. Keywords: Nosocomial infections, infectious agents associated with medical care, antibiotic resistance

Resumption of anticoagulant therapy after major bleeding and the risk of negative events in patients with atrial fibrillation (based on REGistry of Long-term AnTithrombotic TherApy-2 – REGATA)

Background. It is necessary to strive to resume anticoagulants for patients with atrial fibrillation who have a high risk of thrombosis after the development of large bleeding. Due to the fact that death in these patients is caused not by a recurrence of fatal bleeding, but by the development of stroke in case of refusal of anticoagulant therapy. Aim. To evaluate the effect of the resumption of anticoagulant therapy on the risk of recurrence of major bleeding, thrombosis and death in patients with atrial fibrillation who have suffered major bleeding. Materials and methods. To evaluate the frequency of bleeding, thrombosis and death in patients with atrial fibrillation after major bleeding according to prospective follow-up data for one year. Results. The recurrence rate of major bleeding after the resumption of therapy was 21.7% per year. The frequency of fatal bleeding was 2.2%. In the anticoagulant withdrawal group, the incidence of thrombotic complications (ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction) was significantly higher compared to patients who resumed therapy. The frequency of death from all causes was significantly higher in the group of patients who did not resume anticoagulant therapy. Half of the deaths were due to cardiovascular causes. The presence of more than 5 points of the Charlson Comorbidity Index was a predictor of the development of the sum of all adverse events. Conclusion. The resumption of anticoagulant therapy after the development of major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation reduces the risk of thrombosis and death at a cost, while increasing the risk of recurrence of non-fatal bleeding

Click chemistry-based tracking reveals putative cell wall-located auxin binding sites in expanding cells

Abstract Auxin is a key plant regulatory molecule, which acts upon a plethora of cellular processes, including those related to cell differentiation and elongation. Despite the stunning progress in all disciplines of auxin research, the mechanisms of auxin-mediated rapid promotion of cell expansion and underlying rearrangement of cell wall components are poorly understood. This is partly due to the limitations of current methodologies for probing auxin. Here we describe a click chemistry-based approach, using an azido derivative of indole-3-propionic acid. This compound is as an active auxin analogue, which can be tagged in situ. Using this new tool, we demonstrate the existence of putative auxin binding sites in the cell walls of expanding/elongating cells. These binding sites are of protein nature but are distinct from those provided by the extensively studied AUXIN BINDING PROTEIN 1 (ABP1). Using immunohistochemistry, we have shown the apoplastic presence of endogenous auxin epitopes recognised by an anti-IAA antibody. Our results are intriguingly in line with previous observations suggesting some transcription-independent (non-genomic) activity of auxin in cell elongation

Hormone-regulated expansins : expression, localization, and cell wall biomechanics in Arabidopsis root growth

Expansins facilitate cell expansion by mediating pH-dependent cell wall (CW) loosening. However, the role of expansins in controlling CW biomechanical properties in specific tissues and organs remains elusive. We monitored hormonal responsiveness and spatial specificity of expression and localization of expansins predicted to be the direct targets of cytokinin signaling in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We found EXPANSIN1 (EXPA1) homogenously distributed throughout the CW of columella/lateral root cap, while EXPA10 and EXPA14 localized predominantly at 3-cell boundaries in the epidermis/cortex in various root zones. EXPA15 revealed cell-type-specific combination of homogenous vs. 3-cell boundaries localization. By comparing Brillouin frequency shift and AFM-measured Young’s modulus, we demonstrated Brillouin light scattering (BLS) as a tool suitable for non-invasive in vivo quantitative assessment of CW viscoelasticity. Using both BLS and AFM, we showed that EXPA1 overexpression upregulated CW stiffness in the root transition zone (TZ). The dexamethasone-controlled EXPA1 overexpression induced fast changes in the transcription of numerous CW-associated genes, including several EXPAs and XYLOGLUCAN: XYLOGLUCOSYL TRANSFERASEs (XTHs), and associated with rapid pectin methylesterification determined by in situ Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy in the root TZ. The EXPA1-induced CW remodeling is associated with the shortening of the root apical meristem, leading to root growth arrest. Based on our results, we propose that expansins control root growth by a delicate orchestration of CW biomechanical properties, possibly regulating both CW loosening and CW remodeling.peer-reviewe

Extracurricular Activities of Students as An Object of Project Management in A Comprehensive School

The purpose of the study is to reveal the essence of extracurricular activities of students within the federal state standards as an object of project management in an educational organization of general education. The place of extracurricular activities is determined as a full and compulsory component of the main educational program. The essence of extracurricular activities, its relationship with the planned educational results, as well as the difference from continuing education, are revealed. The results of the study of educational programs and examples of the design of plans of extracurricular activities by the teaching teams of schools are presented. The algorithm for designing a plan for extracurricular activities is described. The initial, conceptual and design stages are highlighted and characterized. The scientific novelty consists in substantiating the content of the concept of extracurricular activities of a school, including the presentation system on goals, design strategies, principles for selecting content, formats and implementation procedures

Correction to: Orthorexia nervosa and Instagram: exploring the Russian-speaking conversation around #opтopeкcия

The following sentence was missed out under the heading “Methods” in page 2 of the original publication. Methodology of the research was following the protocol and using data collection tools previously developed in the articles [1] and [2]. Where [1] refers to: Valente M, Renckens S, Bunders-Aelen J, Syurina E (2021) The #orthorexia community on Instagram. Eat Weight Disord. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1007/ s40519- 021- 01157-w and [2] refers to: Valente M, Brenner R, Cesuroglu T, Bunders-Aelen J, Syurina E (2020) “And it snowballed from there”: The development of orthorexia nervosa from the perspective of people who self-diagnose. Appetite 155. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1016/j. appet. 2020. 104840 Adding the same two aforementioned references on page 3, under Data Analysis paragraph, line 2, like this: "After an overview of the downloaded posts and consultation of literature [1, 2]…

Asymmetric Conservation within Pairs of Co-Occurred Motifs Mediates Weak Direct Binding of Transcription Factors in ChIP-Seq Data

(1) Background: Transcription factors (TFs) are main regulators of eukaryotic gene expression. The cooperative binding to genomic DNA of at least two TFs is the widespread mechanism of transcription regulation. Cooperating TFs can be revealed through the analysis of co-occurrence of their motifs. (2) Methods: We applied the motifs co-occurrence tool (MCOT) that predicted pairs of spaced or overlapped motifs (composite elements, CEs) for a single ChIP-seq dataset. We improved MCOT capability for the prediction of asymmetric CEs with one of the participating motifs possessing higher conservation than another does. (3) Results: Analysis of 119 ChIP-seq datasets for 45 human TFs revealed that almost for all families of TFs the co-occurrence with an overlap between motifs of target TFs and more conserved partner motifs was significantly higher than that for less conserved partner motifs. The asymmetry toward partner TFs was the most clear for partner motifs of TFs from the ETS (E26 Transformation Specific) family. (4) Conclusion: Co-occurrence with an overlap of less conserved motif of a target TF and more conserved motifs of partner TFs explained a substantial portion of ChIP-seq data lacking conserved motifs of target TFs. Among other TF families, conservative motifs of TFs from ETS family were the most prone to mediate interaction of target TFs with its weak motifs in ChIP-seq

Deciphering Auxin-Ethylene Crosstalk at a Systems Level

The auxin and ethylene pathways cooperatively regulate a variety of developmental processes in plants. Growth responses to ethylene are largely dependent on auxin, the key regulator of plant morphogenesis. Auxin, in turn, is capable of inducing ethylene biosynthesis and signaling, making the interaction of these hormones reciprocal. Recent studies discovered a number of molecular events underlying auxin-ethylene crosstalk. In this review, we summarize the results of fine-scale and large-scale experiments on the interactions between the auxin and ethylene pathways in Arabidopsis. We integrate knowledge on molecular crosstalk events, their tissue specificity, and associated phenotypic responses to decipher the crosstalk mechanisms at a systems level. We also discuss the prospects of applying systems biology approaches to study the mechanisms of crosstalk between plant hormones