3,907 research outputs found
Explaining Violation Traces with Finite State Natural Language Generation Models
An essential element of any verification technique is that of identifying and
communicating to the user, system behaviour which leads to a deviation from the
expected behaviour. Such behaviours are typically made available as long traces
of system actions which would benefit from a natural language explanation of
the trace and especially in the context of business logic level specifications.
In this paper we present a natural language generation model which can be used
to explain such traces. A key idea is that the explanation language is a CNL
that is, formally speaking, regular language susceptible transformations that
can be expressed with finite state machinery. At the same time it admits
various forms of abstraction and simplification which contribute to the
naturalness of explanations that are communicated to the user
Coherent Pion Production by Neutrinos
I concentrate in this article on the reaction--coherent pion production by
neutrinos incident on nuclei. A special effort is made in order to describe the
approximations entering the calculation. I conclude that the reaction is well
understood and with appropriate data for hadronic reactions is can be computed
for low and high energies. Because of shortage of space I omitted the resonance
analysis, which is described in articles with my collaborators.Comment: 4 pages. Proceedings of Conf. to be published by APS-Proceeding
Transaction costs and their implications to formation of contractual arrangements: aspects of machinery contracting by family farmers in the centro-serra region of Rio Grande do Sul.
A mecanizaĆ§Ć£o da produĆ§Ć£o agrĆcola desempenha um importante e crescente papel no curso do desenvolvimento agrĆcola e rural. A mecanizaĆ§Ć£o oferece diversas melhorias potenciais nos sistemas de produĆ§Ć£o tais como o incremento da produtividade da terra e do trabalho, a reduĆ§Ć£o dos riscos, e aumento da qualidade e seguranƧa alimentar de produtos de origem animal e vegetal. Entretanto, os investimentos necessĆ”rios para compra de mĆ”quinas, especialmente para pequenos produtores, podem nĆ£o ser a opĆ§Ć£o de menor custo em comparaĆ§Ć£o com a obtenĆ§Ć£o de serviƧos de mecanizaĆ§Ć£o por meio de diferentes arranjos contratuais. Para .. escolher a melhor forma de contratar serviƧos de mecanizaĆ§Ć£o Ć© necessĆ”rio avaliar tanto os . custos convencionais das mĆ”quinas quanto os custos de transaĆ§Ć£o, O principal objetivo desta pesquisa foi estimar a importĆ¢ncia dos custos de transaĆ§Ć£o na tomada de decisĆ£o sobre a seleĆ§Ć£o de arranjos contratuais alternativos para contrataĆ§Ć£o de serviƧos de mecanizaĆ§Ć£o. Nossa hipĆ³tese era de. que os custos de transaĆ§Ć£o podem ser maiores que os custos das mĆ”quinas, podendo, com isso, ser de cruclal ImportĆ¢ncia na seleĆ§Ć£o do tipo de arranjo contratual para contratar serviƧos de mecanizaĆ§Ć£o. Os dados empĆricos de custos de mĆ”quinas e de transaĆ§Ć£o foram coletados junto a agricultores familiares da RegiĆ£o Centro-Serra (RS), os quais contrataram serviƧos de colheita para milho de diferentes fornecedores formais e informais. Os resultados mostraram que os custos de transaĆ§Ć£o podem ser mais elevados que os custos das mĆ”quinas e, com isso, influenciam de forma significativa a preferĆŖncia agricultores familiares por determinado tipo de arranjo contratual para obtenĆ§Ć£o de serviƧos de mecanizaĆ§Ć£o. ABSTRACT - The mechanization of agricultural production plays an important and in course of time increasing role in the course of agricultural and rural development. Mechanization offers several potential improvements to farming systems such as increased land and labor productivity, reduction of risks, and increase of quality and food safety of animal and plant products. However, investments in own machinery, in particular for small holders, may not be the least-cost option in comparison with outsourcing the required machinery services through different contractual relationships. To choose the optimal contract for obtaining machinery services, it is necessary to evaluate conventional machinery costs as well as transaction costs. The main objective of this research was to assess the role of transaction costs in the choice among alternative contractual arrangements for provision of machinery services. Our hypothesis was that transaction costs can be higher than machinery costs, and therefore, they can play a leading role in the choice of contractual arrangements for provision of machinery services. The empirical data on conventional machinery and transaction costs were collected from farms in Southern Brazil that procure services for maize harvest through various informal and formal contractual forms. We found that transaction costs can be higher than conventional machinery costs, and therefore, influence the choice of contractual arrangement
Charge Symmetry Violation Corrections to Determination of the Weinberg Angle in Neutrino Reactions
We show that the correction to the Paschos-Wolfenstein relation associated
with charge symmetry violation in the valence quark distributions is
essentially model independent. It is proportional to a ratio of quark momenta
that is independent of Q^2. This result provides a natural explanation of the
surprisingly good agreement found between our earlier estimates within several
different models. When applied to the recent NuTeV measurement, this effect
significantly reduces the discrepancy with other determinations of the Weinberg
angle.Comment: 7 pages, no figures; expanded discussion of N.ne.Z correction
Analysing the Security of Google's implementation of OpenID Connect
Many millions of users routinely use their Google accounts to log in to
relying party (RP) websites supporting the Google OpenID Connect service.
OpenID Connect, a newly standardised single-sign-on protocol, builds an
identity layer on top of the OAuth 2.0 protocol, which has itself been widely
adopted to support identity management services. It adds identity management
functionality to the OAuth 2.0 system and allows an RP to obtain assurances
regarding the authenticity of an end user. A number of authors have analysed
the security of the OAuth 2.0 protocol, but whether OpenID Connect is secure in
practice remains an open question. We report on a large-scale practical study
of Google's implementation of OpenID Connect, involving forensic examination of
103 RP websites which support its use for sign-in. Our study reveals serious
vulnerabilities of a number of types, all of which allow an attacker to log in
to an RP website as a victim user. Further examination suggests that these
vulnerabilities are caused by a combination of Google's design of its OpenID
Connect service and RP developers making design decisions which sacrifice
security for simplicity of implementation. We also give practical
recommendations for both RPs and OPs to help improve the security of real world
OpenID Connect systems
Cotinine inhibits the pro-inflammatory response initiated by multiple cell surface Toll-like receptors in monocytic THP cells
Background
The primary, stable metabolite of nicotine [(S)-3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl) pyridine] in humans is cotinine [(S)-1-methyl-5-(3-pyridinyl)-2-pyrrolidinone]. We have previously shown that cotinine exposure induces convergence and amplification of the GSK3Ī²-dependent PI3 kinase and cholinergic anti-inflammatory systems. The consequence is reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion by human monocytes responding to bacteria or LPS, a TLR4 agonist.
Findings
Here we show that cotinine-induced inflammatory suppression may not be restricted to individual Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Indeed, in monocytic cells, cotinine suppresses the cytokine production that is normally resultant upon agonist-specific engagement of all of the major surface exposed TLRs (TLR 2/1; 2/6; 4 and 5), although the degree of suppression varies by TLR.
Conclusions
These results provide further mechanistic insight into the increased susceptibility to multiple bacterial infections known to occur in smokers. They also establish THP-1 cells as a potentially suitable model with which to study the influence of tobacco components and metabolites on TLR-initiated inflammatory events
Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome toCarbamazepine and Human Herpes Virus 6 Infection: Case Reportand Literature Review
Abstract.: We describe a patient with a drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome to carbamazepine and a concomitant active infection with human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6). The potential role of HHV-6 regarding the drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome is discussed and the main clinical features of this potentially fatal adverse drug reaction are highlighte
An Investigation into the Use of Mutation Analysis for Automated Program Repair
Research in Search-Based Automated Program Repair has demonstrated promising results, but has nevertheless been largely confined to small, single-edit patches using a limited set of mutation operators. Tackling a broader spectrum of bugs will require multiple edits and a larger set of operators, leading to a combinatorial explosion of the search space. This motivates the need for more efficient search techniques. We propose to use the test case results of candidate patches to localise suitable fix locations. We analysed the test suite results of single-edit patches, generated from a random walk across 28 bugs in 6 programs. Based on the findings of this analysis, we propose a number of mutation-based fault localisation techniques, which we subsequently evaluate by measuring how accurately they locate the statements at which the search was able to generate a solution. After demonstrating that these techniques fail to result in a significant improvement, we discuss why this may be the case, despite the successes of mutation-based fault localisation in previous studies
Electroweak radiative corrections to deep-inelastic neutrino scattering - implications for NuTeV ?
We calculate the O(alpha) electroweak corrections to charged- and
neutral-current deep-inelastic neutrino scattering off an isoscalar target. The
full one-loop-corrected cross sections, including hard photonic corrections,
are evaluated and compared to an earlier result which was used in the NuTeV
analysis. In particular, we compare results that differ in input-parameter
scheme, treatment of real photon radiation and factorization scheme. The
associated shifts in the theoretical prediction for the ratio of neutral- and
charged-current cross sections can be larger than the experimental accuracy of
the NuTeV result.Comment: 19 pages late
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