The Effect of Guidance Booklet on Discharged Mothers of Children with Respiratory Tract Infection

Aim of the study to evaluate the effect of guidance booklet on discharged mothers of children with respiratory tract infection through: Identifying mothers' needs, developing guidance booklet of discharge according to mothers' needs and evaluating the effect of guidance booklet on the mothers. Design This study was a quasi experimental design. Setting This study was conducted in El- Menoufya University Hospital (Egypt) and El-Basher Hospital (Jordan) Sample Convenience sample of 80 mothers having children suffering from respiratory tract infection (40 mothers from each setting). Tools Data were collected through an interviewing questionnaire to assess socio-demographic data for mothers and their children, mothers' knowledge about respiratory disease, importance of nutrition and fluids. Mother’s practices by asking questions concerning hygienic measures and medications and practices through observation check-list based on modified Getting Ready for Discharge Checklist regarding, temperature measurement and tap compresses for their children. Results revealed that the statistical significant improvements (P<0.01) in mother’s knowledge and practices after giving the guidance booklet in both groups. There was improvement in hand washing procedure, nutritional importance, type of fluids given and importance of medication there was a statistically significant improvement after the guidance booklet of discharge instructions in both groups. Key Terms: guidance booklet of discharge, Respiratory infection, mother

Croissance et efficacité alimentaire de poulets « Cou nu » ou normalement emplumés selon la teneur en protéines de la ration

La croissance pondérale et l’efficacité alimentaire jusqu’à 10 semaines d’âge ont été comparées pour des poulets « Cou nu » hétérozytes (Na na+) et des oiseaux normalement emplumés (na+ na+) issus des mêmes familles. Les 2 sexes étaient traités indépendamment, les mâles étant élevés en cages individuelles à 29°C, après 4 semaines, les femelles au sol entre 23 et 24°C. Chaque génotype était réparti dans 2 groupes, recevant respectivement une ration à 16 et 20 p. 100 de protéines totales. Enfin, sur un groupe séparé de mâles répartis selon les 2 types d’aliment le plumage était mesuré en proportion du poids vif de 2 en 2 semaines. Pour les mâles en cages individuelles, le seul effet global significatif associé au génotype concerne l’efficacité alimentaire (aliment consommé/gain de poids) de 6 à 8 semaines, à l’avantage des poulets « Cou nu ». Chez les femelles, un avantage d’ensemble du même génotype existe pour le gain de poids de 4 à 6 semaines. En outre, des interactions entre génotype et taux protéique sont hautement significatives chez les femelles, pour les poids corporels à 8 et 10 semaines et le gain de poids de 6 à 8 semaines ; pour ces 3 variables, la performance des femelles Na na+ est la meilleure en présence de la ration à 16 p. 100 de protéines, et la moins bonne avec le taux de 20 p. 100. De plus, chez les mâles, bien que les effets ne soient pas significatifs, à partir de 6 semaines d’âge, toutes les différences suggèrent un avantage des oiseaux « Cou nu » sur les autres en présence de l’aliment le moins riche en protéines. Le poids relatif du plumage montre une interaction entre âge et type de ration : son développement paraît hâté à partir de 4 semaines avec le taux protéique le plus élevé. La réduction du plumage produite par le gène Na est indépendante, quant à elle, du taux protéique. L’effet propre de la composition du régime est apparent sur l’efficacité alimentaire, améliorée par le taux protéique le plus élevé, qui d’autre part abaisse le taux plasmatique d’acide urique mesuré chez les femelles.Growth rate and feed efficiency up to 10 weeks of age were compared for heterozygous naked neck birds (Na na+) and their normally feathered full - or half-sibs (na+ na+). The 2 sexes were treated independently, males being kept in individual cages at 29°C from 4 weeks, females in floor pens between 23 and 24°C (average). Each genotype was distributed into 2 groups, receiving respectively a ration with 16 and 20 p. 100 total protein. Other male chicks were used separately for measuring plumage as a proportion of live body weight at 2-week intervals with each of the 2 rations. For males in cages, the only significant genotype effect is on feed efficiency from 6 to 8 weeks, at the advantage of naked neck chicks. In females, an overall advantage of Na na+ birds for weight gain from 4 to 6 weeks appears. Besides this, genotype x protein level interactions are highly significant among females for 8 and 10 week body weights, and weight gain from 6 to 8 weeks ; in these cases the performance of Na na+ females is higher than that of na+ na+ birds with the 16 p. 100 protein level, the reverse being obtained with the 20 p. 100 protein ration. In addition, in males, although differences are not significant, from 6 weeks of age all suggest an advantage of naked neck chicks in presence of the poorer protein level. The relative weight of the plumage shows an age x protein level interaction : relative growth of feathers is increased after 4 weeks of age by the 20 p. 100 protein feed. The reduction of plumage by the Na gene shows no interaction with feed composition. The effect of ration formula is apparent on feed efficiency, which is improved by the higher protein level, and on uric acid in plasma (measured in females), which is lower with this type of ration

Composition corporelle de poulets « Cou nu » ou normalement emplumés selon le taux protéique de la ration

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The Effect of Guidance Booklet on Discharged Mothers of Children with Respiratory Tract Infection

Aim of the study to evaluate the effect of guidance booklet on discharged mothers of children with respiratory tract infection through: Identifying mothers' needs, developing guidance booklet of discharge according to mothers' needs and evaluating the effect of guidance booklet on the mothers. Design This study was a quasi experimental design. Setting This study was conducted in El- Menoufya University Hospital (Egypt) and El-Basher Hospital (Jordan) Sample Convenience sample of 80 mothers having children suffering from respiratory tract infection (40 mothers from each setting). Tools Data were collected through an interviewing questionnaire to assess socio-demographic data for mothers and their children, mothers' knowledge about respiratory disease, importance of nutrition and fluids. Mother’s practices by asking questions concerning hygienic measures and medications and practices through observation check-list based on modified Getting Ready for Discharge Checklist regarding, temperature measurement and tap compresses for their children. Results revealed that the statistical significant improvements (P<0.01) in mother’s knowledge and practices after giving the guidance booklet in both groups. There was improvement in hand washing procedure, nutritional importance, type of fluids given and importance of medication there was a statistically significant improvement after the guidance booklet of discharge instructions in both groups. Key Terms: guidance booklet of discharge, Respiratory infection, mother

Gène Cou nu et performances de croissance de poulets à deux saisons différentes en Egypte

Dans deux croisements différents présentant une ségrégation au locus Na, l’un éclos en octobre 1978, l’autre en avril 1980, la croissance a été comparée en élevage au sol jusqu’à 12 semaines au Caire. La comparaison, dans le premier cas, portait sur les 3 génotypes Na Na, Na na+ (cou nu) et na+ na+ (plumage normal), et, dans le second cas, seulement sur les génotypes Na na+ et na+ na+. En automne 1978, les différences de croissance entre génotypes sont faibles, avec un léger avantage de poids pour les poulets à plumage normal à 4 et 8 semaines. Par contre, au printemps 1980, à partir de 8 semaines et jusqu’à 12 semaines d’âge, les hétérozygotes « cou nu » montrent un avantage pondéral sur les poulets à plumage normal de l’ordre de 11 p. 100 chez les mâles et 9 p. 100 chez les femelles. La différence importante des températures moyennes entre les deux saisons et le rapprochement avec des résultats antérieurs à température contrôlée suggèrent que l’avantage du génotype Na na+ correspond à une meilleure thermotolérance en période de croissance.In two different crosses segregating at Na locus, one hatched in octobre 1978, the other in april 1980, growth was compared in floor pens till 12 weeks of age in Cairo. The comparison included in the first case the three genotypes Na Na, Na na+ (naked neck) and na+ na+ (normal plumage). In the second case, only Na na+ and na+ na+ genotypes were available. In autumn 1978, growth differences between genotypes showed only a slight advantage at 4 and 8 weeks for chicks with normal plumage. On the contrary, in spring 1980 from 8 weeks to 12 weeks of age, naked neck heterozygotes compared to na+ na+ chicks show a body weight about 11 p. 100 superior in males and 9 p. 100 in females. The large difference in mean ambient temperatures between the two seasons as well as the apparent similarity with former results obtained at controlled temperature suggest that this advantage of the Nana+ genotype corresponds to a better heat tolerance during the growth period

COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON SOME PRODUCTIVE TRAITS AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF TWO LOCAL STRAINS OF DUCKS: SUDANI AND DOMYATI

The present study aimed to investigate the Genetic Diversity and productive Performance for Some Duck Local strains (sudani and domiaty) using Microsatellite genotyping analysis. From the hatched duck chicks, fifty day old ones were taken at random from each strain and reared under the same environmental, managerial and hygienic conditions from one day old until they aged 12 weeks (marketing age). The comparison was held between the two local duck strains for the following traits: Body weight and body measurements measured biweekly from day old until 12 weeks (pooled sex). Body measurements (shank length, keel length and body circumference) measured at 4,8,12 weeks of age for each strain. All chicks provided reared on floor pens, feed and water were provided ad-libitum all ducks chicks fed on two types of rations: A starter ration (from 0-4wks) and A finisher one (from 5-12 wks). The results indicated that There were significant differences in Body weight at all studied ages between Sudani and Domiaty strains (except at 2, 6 wks.) in hatching the average body weight of the Sudanese strain was 40.80 g however it was 34.12 g for the domyati strain, At 4 weeks age, the average body weight of Sudanese strain was 617.21g while it was 446.38g for the domyati strain, At 8 weeks age, the average body weight of Sudanese strain was1490.90g since it was 1235.98g for the domyati strain and At 12 weeks age, the average  body weight of Sudanese strain was 2211.0g while was 1691.88g for the domyati strain. Also Body measurements of duck during early periods of growth (aged 4, 8 and 12 weeks) was At 4 wks age there were no significant differences between the two strains, At the age of 8 wks, the same trend was observed concerning the absence of the significant differences between strains and At the age of 12 wks, there were significant differences between the two strains of the breast circumference only where the superiority was recorded for the domyati strain,  This may be reflected the genetic differences between the two strains. The results appeared that the PIC (polymorphic information content) of most microsatellite sites was lower than 0.5. This means that the selected microsatellite loci had a1ow diversity and can reflect the genetic relationship among Sudani and Domiaty populations. This assured that both sudani and domyati populations could be considered as a near populations on a molecular level