Korelasi antara Aspek Motivasi dalam Penyusunan Anggaran dengan Efektivitas Pelaksanaan Program Kegiatan pada Pemerintahan Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam

This objective of research is aimed at finding out the correlations of motivation aspects in budget arrangement and effectiveness of program imple-mentation of the Provincial Government of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam. Motivation aspects consist of working achievement, degree of complications on budgeting, degree of fairness on budgeting, and style of leadership.The samples comprice 100 employees selected by using simple random sampling. The data were collected by questionnaires, which have been tested both for its validity and for reliability. The Product Moment Correlation is used to test the validity of the data with the degree of significance 0.05 while the reliability is tested by using Alpha Cronbach technique.The result of this research shows that: (1) t test by partial degree of complication variable and degree of fairness variable has a significant correlation on effectiveness of program implementation. Style of leadership variable by partial also has significant correlation on effectiveness of program implementation, but working achievement variable has no significant correlation on effectiveness of program implementation. (2) there is positive correlation between four independent variables and dependent variable. (3) coefficient correlation shows that correlation between dependent variables and independent variable is 0.465. (4) R square is 0.12, indicates that there is 88% other aspects influence effectiveness of program implementation of the provincial government of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam

Pengaruh Pendapatan Asli Daerah, Dana Alokasi Umum dan Dana Bagi Hasil terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Provinsi Aceh

This study aims to examine the influence oflocal income, general allocation fund, and revenue sharing fund on Economic Growth in Aceh province. The data used in this research is secondary data. Census method and time series are used with a population of 23 districts/cities in Aceh province during the observation period 2011- 2014. Data analysis used is multiple linear analysis and hypothesis testing uses the coefficient of determination (adjusted R 2), partial significance test (t), and significant simultaneous test (F).This study uses the independent variables:local income, general allocation fund, and revenue sharing fund, and the dependent variable: Economic Growth. The results showed that (1) the local income, general allocation fund, and revenue sharing fund simultaneously affect economic growth, and (2) local income, general allocation fund, and revenue sharing fund partially affect economic growth in the province

Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Ditinjau dari Segi Likuiditas, Struktur Modal dan Profitabilitas pada Perusahaan Publik Sektor Aneka Industri yang Terdaftar di Bej Periode 2000-2004

The objective of research is to identify the development of financial performance viewed from liquidity, capital structure, and profitability on public companies from miscellaneous industry sector that listed in Jakarta Stock Exchange during period 2000-2004. Selecting of sample is done by purposive sampling method that it is judgment sampling under condition : 1) public companies from miscellaneous industry sector that listed in Jakarta Stock Exchange during period 2000-2004; 2) Financial report is limited on balance and income statement of public companies from miscellaneous industry sector that listed in Jakarta Stock Exchange during period 2003-2004 that they are available completely in library of Jakarta Stock Exchange. Descriptive statistic is used to see the development of financial performance viewed from liquidity, capital structure, and profitability on public companies from miscellaneous industry sector that listed in Jakarta Stock Exchange during period 2000-2004; and Kruskal-Wellis statistic is used to see if there is significant difference of financial performance viewed from liquidity, capital structure, and profitability on public companies from miscellaneous industry sector that listed in Jakarta Stock Exchange during period 2000-2004. Result of research shows financial performance of public companies from micellaneous industry sector that listed in Jakarta Stock Exchange during period 2000-2004 viewed from liquidity, capital structure, and profitability (ROI) are not good except profitability (REO). Result of research also shows during period 2000-2004 there are not significant difference of financial performance viewed from liquidity, and capital structure on public companies from miscellaneous industry sector, except viewed from profitability (ROI and ROE)

Astrocytes Infected with Chlamydia Pneumoniae Demonstrate Altered Expression and Activity of Secretases Involved in the Generation of Β-amyloid Found in Alzheimer Disease

BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic studies strongly suggest that the pathophysiology of late-onset Alzheimer disease (AD) versus early-onset AD has environmental rather than genetic causes, thus revealing potentially novel therapeutic targets to limit disease progression. Several studies supporting the pathogen hypothesis of AD demonstrate a strong association between pathogens and the production of β-amyloid, the pathologic hallmark of AD. Although the mechanism of pathogen-induced neurodegeneration of AD remains unclear, astrocytes, a key player of the CNS innate immune response and producer/metabolizer of β-amyloid, have been implicated. We hypothesized that Chlamydia pneumoniae infection of human astrocytes alters the expression of the amyloid precursor protein (APP)-processing secretases, ADAM10, BACE1, and PSEN1, to promote β-amyloid formation. Utilizing immunofluorescent microscopy, molecular, and biochemical approaches, these studies explore the role of an intracellular respiratory pathogen, Chlamydia pneumoniae, as an environmental trigger for AD pathology. Human astrocytoma cells in vitro were infected with Chlamydia pneumoniae over the course of 6-72 h. The gene and protein expression, as well as the enzymatic activity of non-amyloidogenic (ADAM10), and pro-amyloidogenic (BACE1 and PSEN1) secretases were qualitatively and quantitatively assessed. In addition, the formation of toxic amyloid products as an outcome of pro-amyloidogenic APP processing was evaluated through various modalities. RESULTS: Chlamydia pneumoniae infection of human astrocytoma cells promoted the transcriptional upregulation of numerous genes implicated in host neuroinflammation, lipid homeostasis, microtubule function, and APP processing. Relative to that of uninfected astrocytes, BACE1 and PSEN1 protein levels were enhanced by nearly twofold at 48-72 h post-Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. The processing of APP in Chlamydia pneumoniae-infected astrocytes favors the pro-amyloidogenic pathway, as demonstrated by an increase in enzymatic activity of BACE1, while that of ADAM10 was decreased. Fluorescence intensity of β-amyloid and ELISA-quantified levels of soluble-APP by products revealed temporally similar increases, confirming a BACE1/PSEN1-mediated processing of APP. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that Chlamydia pneumoniae infection of human astrocytes promotes the pro-amyloidogenic pathway of APP processing through the upregulation of expression and activity of β-secretase, upregulated expression of γ-secretase, and decreased activity of α-secretase. These effects of astrocyte infection provide evidence for a direct link between Chlamydia pneumoniae and AD pathology

Punishing the individual or the group for norm violation [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]

Background: It has recently been proposed that a key motivation for joining groups is the protection from consequences of negative behaviours, such as norm violations. Here we empirically test this claim by investigating whether cooperative decisions and the punishment of associated fairness-based norm violations are different in individuals vs. collectives in economic games. Methods: In the ultimatum game, participants made or received offers that they could reject at a cost to their outcome, a form of social punishment. In the dictator game with third-party punishment, participants made offers to a receiver while being observed by a punisher, or could themselves punish unfair offers. Results: Participants made lower offers when making a collective rather than an individual decision. This difference correlated with participants’ overall mean offers: those who were generally less generous were even less so in a group, suggesting that the collective structure was compatible with their intention. Participants were slower when punishing vs not punishing an unfair offer. Importantly here, they were slower when deciding whether to punish groups as compared to individuals, only when the offer concerned them directly in second party punishment. Participants thus seem reluctant to punish others, and even more so when facing a group of proposers. Conclusions: Together, these results show that people behave differently in a group, both in their willingness to share with others and in their punishment of norm violations. This could be explained by the fact that being in a collective structure allows to share responsibility with others, thereby protecting from negative consequences of norm violations

Punishing the individual or the group for norm violation [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]

Background: It has recently been proposed that a key motivation for joining groups is the protection from consequences of negative behaviours, such as norm violations. Here we empirically test this claim by investigating whether cooperative decisions and the punishment of associated fairness-based norm violations are different in individuals vs. collectives in economic games. / Methods: In the ultimatum game, participants made or received offers that they could reject at a cost to their outcome, a form of social punishment. In the dictator game with third-party punishment, participants made offers to a receiver while being observed by a punisher, or could themselves punish unfair offers. / Results: Participants made lower offers when making their decision as part of a group as compared to alone. This difference correlated with participants’ overall mean offers: those who were generally less generous were even less so in a group, suggesting that the collective structure was compatible with their intention. Participants were slower when punishing vs not punishing an unfair offer. Importantly here, they were slower when deciding whether to punish or not to punish groups as compared to individuals, only when the offer concerned them directly in second party punishment. Participants thus take more time to punish others, and to make their mind on whether to punish or not when facing a group of proposers. / Conclusions: Together, these results show that people behave differently in a group, both in their willingness to share with others and in their punishment of norm violations. This could be explained by the fact that being in a collective structure allows to share responsibility with others, thereby protecting from negative consequences of norm violations

Body Mass Index and VO2max Relationship of FKUI Fitness Challenge 2012 Participants in Gelora Bung Karno Jakarta

Introduction: In determining fatness the most common technique is measuring body mass index (BMI). Scientific evidence showed that risk of premature illness and death is greater for those who are overweight but also increased in individuals who are underweight. BMI is useful to screen general population although it fails to differentiate fat from lean body mass or determine where the most of the fat is located. Maximum oxygen consumption determined by VO2max is maximal amount of oxygen that human body can utilize per minute of physical activity. VO2max shows cardiorespiratory endurance as aerobic fitness parameter. Higher oxygen consumption shows more efficient cardiorespiratory system. VO2max is affected by genetics, training, gender, age, and body composition. Fitness Challenge is a serial fitness tests held annually by Sports Medicine Program Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia including BMI and cardiorespiratory endurance examination. In the year 2012 it was held in Gelora Bung Karno (GBK) Jakarta, where most Jakarta citizens spent their weekend relaxing and/or exercising. In this study we would like to describe the results of body composition examination and cardiorespiratory endurance test from that event and analyze the relationship between them. Methods: All 59 participants of the competition were taken height, weight, and VO2max measurement. Body mass index was calculated by the formula of weight in kg/(height in meter)2. VO2max was measured by field test which was Bleep test. Correlation was counted using Spearman’s rho. Results: Participants are 23 women and 36 men age 15-48 years old with mean age 32.86 ± 12.85 years old. Mean VO2max is 27.94 ± 6.91 and mean BMI is 23.36 ± 3.41. There is a significant negative correlation between VO2max and BMI which is -0.408 (p=0.01). Discussion: The finding is consistent with previous study in Israel where correlation coefficients between BMI, waist circumference, and VO2max were statistically significant. This study gave general description on how components of fitness interact, which are BMI as metabolic fitness parameter and VO2max as aerobic fitness parameter. Higher VO2max can be achieved by having lower BMI. Since this study is a cross sectional study based on field tests in a competition setting and taken in a small population of visitors in GBK Jakarta, the relationship cannot be taken as general Indonesian population. But the point that body composition is one of the factors affecting VO2max, is shown. Thus people might improve their aerobic fitness by reducing their BMI to the normal value

Aspects of topology of condensates and knotted solitons in condensed matter systems

The knotted solitons introduced by Faddeev and Niemi is presently a subject of great interest in particle and mathematical physics. In this paper we give a condensed matter interpretation of the recent results of Faddeev and Niemi.Comment: v2: Added a reference to the paper E. Babaev, L.D. Faddeev and A.J. Niemi cond-mat/0106152 where an exact equivalence was shown between the two-condensate Ginzburg-Landau model and a version of Faddeev model. Miscelaneous links related to knotted solitons are available at the author homepage at http://www.teorfys.uu.se/PEOPLE/egor/ . Animations of knotted solitons by Hietarinta and Salo are available at http://users.utu.fi/h/hietarin/knots/c45_p2.mp

KAJIAN KARAKTERISTK GENETIK RUSA TIMOR (Cervus Timorensis Timorensis Blanville, 1822)*( Study on Characteristic of Genetic of the Timor Deer (Cervus Timorensis Timorensis)

A study on characteristic of genetic of the Timor deer (Cervus timorensis timorensis)was conducted during the periode of June - November 1997.Twenty four blood samples from Timor, Semau, Pantar, and Alor Island,Nusa Tenggara Timur Province were examined for this study.Restriction site analysis of part of ribosomeRNA mitochondrial DNA (447 bp),using restriction endonucleasis Haelll and Mbol showed that there were two haplotype variation