O sistema portuário do sul do Brasil e sua hinterlândia produtiva

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia, Florianópolis, 2016.A região Sul do Brasil apresenta um complexo sistema portuário, reunindo portos que desenvolvem papéis relevantes na economia brasileira. Estes se destacam em vários tipos de movimentação, como as operações com contêineres e granel sólido. Neste sentido, além de concentrar um setor portuário altamente desenvolvido, abrangendo em seu litoral uma diversidade de portos especializados em diferentes tipos de cargas, apresenta uma razoável infraestrutura retro-portuária. Assim o sistema portuário do Sul do Brasil ganha destaque no cenário nacional e internacional a partir do crescimento e desenvolvimento da indústria sulista, que se desenvolveu as bases da pequena produção mercantil. Diante do exposto, o presente trabalho irá abordar a origem e o desenvolvimento das hinterlândias produtivas, as quais foram determinantes para engendrar as diferentes fases de movimentação de cargas nos portos, bem como o desenvolvimento desses portos ao longo dos anos. Para tal intento serão abordados as bases no histórico de cada unidade portuária, as suas infraestruturas, principais cargas movimentadas, fluxos de mercadorias e os seus projetos de expansão.Abstract : The southern region of Brazil presents a complex port system, bringing together ports that develop relevant role in the brazilian economy. These stand out in various types of movement, such as container operations and solid bulk. In this regard, besides concentrating a highly developed port sector covering its coastline in a diversity of specialized ports in different load types, it presents a reasonable back-port infrastructure. So the port system in southern Brazil is highlighted in the national and international scene from the growth and development of southern industry, which developed the foundations of small commodity production. Given the above, this paper will address the origin and development of the productive hinterlands, which were instrumental in engendering the different phases of movement of cargo in ports as well as the development of these ports over the years. For this purpose the foundation will be addressed in the history of each port unit, its infrastructure, the main cargo handled, goods flows and expansion projects

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora