Deformation Characteristics of Lime Stabilized Clay Soil Using Finite Element Method

Clay soil provides a poor working platform due to its plastic characteristics that could affect a structure’s safety and other common structure failure including excessive foundation settlement, the production of cracks in the superstructure and other structural element failure. Thus, there is a challenge for clay soil to be a support for a foundation. The objective of this study is to compile a set data from past research studies that include the parameters of untreated and treated clay soil properties as to be used in the PLAXIS 2D generate its deformation over no load and 100 kPa stress as well as increasing its shear strength and reduce the excessive settlement. Accordingly, the suitable lime content to improve clay strength can be determined. The numerical analysis is done by running the parameters collected from previous studies in PLAXIS 2D in order to generate the final deform soil. The soil with lime content 0%, 3%, 6%, and 9% deformed under both without and with loading of 100 kPa. The result that can be observed from the deformed soil, the treated clay behaved well under loading compared to the untreated. From the result, the amount of lime content did affect the properties of the soil by showing the settlement of each soil and the deformation pattern

Deformation Characteristics of Lime Stabilized Marine Clay Using Finite Element Method

The coastal area is one of the environmentally vulnerable areas, with soil characteristics such as weak soil and marine clay, which is classified as hazardous soft soil. Because marine clay has poor mechanical and physical properties, foundation conditions such as pad footing were unstable and prone to corruption. As a result, the lime column will be used to stabilize marine clay in this study. The purpose of this research is to investigate the deformation of marine clay with lime to increase shear strength and reduce excessive settlement by analyzing data from previous studies and conducting a review of the literature, as well as to investigate the deformation of untreated and treated marine clay with lime columns and PLAXIS software projection. Compared to the traditional method, PLAXIS 2D software is one of the most cost-effective ways to test a foundation, such as the pad footing. At the same time, PLAXIS 2D was able to shorten the time required to achieve an analytical result. The results of the settlement and stress value have been taken after the computation and analysis from PLAXIS 2D. The greatest percentage difference between untreated and treated marine clay for stress and displacement is 81.82 percent and 7.98 percent, respectively

Experimental Study Using Recycled Waste Tyre as Sustainable Clay Soil Stabilisation

Clay presents construction challenges to geotechnical engineers as it shows high compressibility, low shear strength and high level of volumetric changes behaviour. Therefore, the properties of clay need to be improved before it can be used in any type of construction. Clay soil stabilisation using either mechanical or chemical methods are normally adopted to improve its properties. However, some of these methods are reported to be ineffective, expensive and harmful to the environment. In Malaysia, around 8.2 million tyres are dumped in landfill annually. The dumping of tyres will lead to long-term environmental impact. Hence, it is proposed to reuse waste tyres for clay soil stabilisation. This research investigates the effects of recycled waste tyres on the compaction and strength properties of clay soil. Clay soils were firstly mixed with 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% of waste tyres and each mixed sample was tested for compaction and unconfined compressive strength tests. The results show that the optimum moisture content (OMC) increases and maximum dry density (MDD) decreases with increasing waste tyre content. Meanwhile, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) reaches a maximum value at 10% waste tyre content and then decreases with further increments of waste tyre. It can be concluded that waste tyres have the potential to be used as an additive for sustainable clay soil stabilisation

Experimental Study Using Recycled Waste Tyre as Sustainable Clay Soil Stabilisation

Clay presents construction challenges to geotechnical engineers as it shows high compressibility, low shear strength and high level of volumetric changes behaviour. Therefore, the properties of clay need to be improved before it can be used in any type of construction. Clay soil stabilisation using either mechanical or chemical methods are normally adopted to improve its properties. However, some of these methods are reported to be ineffective, expensive and harmful to the environment. In Malaysia, around 8.2 million tyres are dumped in landfill annually. The dumping of tyres will lead to long-term environmental impact. Hence, it is proposed to reuse waste tyres for clay soil stabilisation. This research investigates the effects of recycled waste tyres on the compaction and strength properties of clay soil. Clay soils were firstly mixed with 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% of waste tyres and each mixed sample was tested for compaction and unconfined compressive strength tests. The results show that the optimum moisture content (OMC) increases and maximum dry density (MDD) decreases with increasing waste tyre content. Meanwhile, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) reaches a maximum value at 10% waste tyre content and then decreases with further increments of waste tyre. It can be concluded that waste tyres have the potential to be used as an additive for sustainable clay soil stabilisation

Settlement Performance of Bamboo Dendrocalamus Asper for Improving Peat Soil Reinforcement Stability

Soil reinforcement is the geotechnical application for the soil mass reinforcement elements to increase the shear characteristics of the soil grid. Bamboo is a sustainable source for the wood industry that has been applied in construction soil foundations as a soil reinforcement material. The use of bamboo types Dendrocalamus asper for soft soil reinforcement stability is important and commonly used. Peat, as a very soft soil, is known as problematic soil, and organic soil has poor shear strength and high compressibility. In construction especially for peat soil foundation or subgrade, it has settlement and deformation because of loss of strength. The peat soil from Kampung Puteri Menangis, Benut Pontian Johor has been used in the experimental work to determine the displacement of the settlement performance characteristics without and with the laminated beams of bamboo Dendracalamus asper.  Without bamboo, the displacement of the settlement reduces from 22.4% to 6.8% within 1 hour. The use of 1 layer of laminated bamboo reinforcement on the foundation base reduced the displacement of the settlement from 27.2% to 8.9%. The displacement continues to decrease from 19.3% to 5.8% for two layers of laminated bamboo reinforcement, and 18.9% to 5.9% for 3 layers of laminated bamboo reinforcement. At each stage and duration, the peat shows displacement in compression, and the settlement of the reinforcement stability is smaller than in the other stage.

Amalan keselamatan bengkel dalam kalangan pelajar Kolej Vokasional Temerloh

Amalan keselamatan merupakan perkara penting yang perlu ditekankan semasa melakukan kerja amali di bengkel. Oleh itu, penekanan terhadapnya perlu dipupuk kepada setiap pelajar supaya menjadi budaya ketika berada di bengkel. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini adalah untuk mengenalpasti tahap pengetahuan, tahap kesedaran dan tahap penerimaan amalan keselamatan dalam kalangan pelajar. Kajian ini juga mengenalpasti perhubungan di antara tahap kesedaran dan tahap penerimaan pelajar terhadap amalan keselamatan yang dikaji. Lokasi kajian ini ialah Kolej Vokasional Temerloh (KVT), Pahang. Responden seramai 296 orang merupakan pelajar daripada enam program utama di KVT yang menggunakan bengkel iaitu Teknologi Automotif, Teknologi Penyejukbekuan & Penyamanan Udara, Teknologi Kimpalan, Teknologi Binaan, Teknologi Elektrik dan Teknologi Elektronik. Instrumen kajian kajian yang digunakan adalah borang soal selidik. Sebanyak 45 item soalan telah dibina untuk menjawab setiap persoalan kajian. Data dianalisis secara kaedah Purata Indeks dan Analisis Ujian Spearman’s rho yang menggunakan perisian “Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS)” Versi 18. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan nilai purata min bagi tahap pengetahuan (4.66), tahap kesedaran (4.54) dan tahap penerimaan (4.51) pelajar terhadap perlaksanaan amalan keselamatan bengkel adalah tinggi. Kajian ini juga mendapati wujudnya perhubungan secara statistik di antara tahap kesedaran dan tahap penerimaan amalan keselamatan bengkel. Pengkaji juga mencadangkan supaya kajian ini dapat dilakukan di institusi kemahiran yang lain agar dapat digeneralisasikan dapatannya. Kesimpulan yang diperolehi daripada kajian ini didapati tahap amalan keselamatan dalam kalangan pelajar KVT adalah pada tahap yang tinggi

Effect of Palm Fiber-Hydrated Lime Composition on the Permeability of Stabilised Sandy Soil

Sandy soil is one of the most conventional construction materials used as backfill materials in the retention of structures in foundations. This study to investigate the composition of admixture permeability experimental to stabilized sandy soil use the composition percentage (4, 6, & 8% hydrated lime only), sandy soil with 2% hydrated lime (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% palm fiber) and 6% of hydrated lime (0.5%, 1% and 1.5% of palm fiber) proportionally. The results presented that the mixture of 2% and 6% hydrated lime with 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% of palm fiber proportionally, decreased the percentage of reduction of permeability from 94.22% at 0 days to 66.67% at 7 days. The mixture of 6% of hydrated lime and 1.5% of palm fiber at 0 dan 7 curing time give a better performance. Thus, this helps in using the constant head method in Geotechnical practices

Effect of Palm Fiber-Hydrated Lime Composition on the Permeability of Stabilised Sandy Soil

Sandy soil is one of the most conventional construction materials used as backfill materials in the retention of structures in foundations. This study to investigate the composition of admixture permeability experimental to stabilized sandy soil use the composition percentage (4, 6, & 8% hydrated lime only), sandy soil with 2% hydrated lime (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% palm fiber) and 6% of hydrated lime (0.5%, 1% and 1.5% of palm fiber) proportionally. The results presented that the mixture of 2% and 6% hydrated lime with 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% of palm fiber proportionally, decreased the percentage of reduction of permeability from 94.22% at 0 days to 66.67% at 7 days. The mixture of 6% of hydrated lime and 1.5% of palm fiber at 0 dan 7 curing time give a better performance. Thus, this helps in using the constant head method in Geotechnical practices

Undergraduate student experience in development of ZVS power converter for voltage control with low cost microcontroller

This paper presents an integration of a low cost microcontroller with a power converter for controlling the output voltage. Here, it will benefit the UTHM final year student in order to apply what have been taught during Power Electronics subject in Year 3. The power converter that has been developed is the zero voltage switching (ZVS) with inverter voltage control mechanism. As for the microcontroller application, the Raspberry Pi has been used. A test on open loop and closed loop conditions have been applied using Proportional Integral (PI) control for controlling the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal pattern for inverter output in hardware experiment test. The PI controller is developed and simulated using the MATLAB/Simulink software and then downloaded to the Arduino and Raspberry Pi microcontroller boards for testing purposes. At the end of the project, the students are able to understand more especially on integrating the control mechanism to the microcontroller device using a power converter in order to achieve the control target output

Effect of Graphene Oxide on the Mechanical Properties and Durability of High-Strength Lightweight Concrete Containing Shale Ceramsite

An effective pathway to achieve the sustainable development of resources and environmental protection is to utilize shale ceramsite (SC), which is processed from shale spoil to produce high-strength lightweight concrete (HSLWC). Furthermore, the urgent demand for better performance of HSLWC has stimulated active research on graphene oxide (GO) in strengthening mechanical properties and durability. This study was an effort to investigate the effect of different contents of GO on HSLWC manufactured from SC. For this purpose, six mixtures containing GO in the range of 0–0.08% (by weight of cement) were systematically designed to test the mechanical properties (compressive strength, flexural strength, and splitting tensile strength), durability (chloride penetration resistance, freezing–thawing resistance, and sulfate attack resistance), and microstructure. The experimental results showed that the optimum amount of 0.05% GO can maximize the compressive strength, flexural strength, and splitting tensile strength by 20.1%, 34.3%, and 24.2%, respectively, and exhibited excellent chloride penetration resistance, freezing–thawing resistance, and sulfate attack resistance. Note that when the addition of GO was relatively high, the performance improvement in HSLWC as attenuated instead. Therefore, based on the comprehensive analysis of microstructure, the optimal addition level of GO to achieve the best mechanical properties and durability of HSLWC is considered to be 0.05%. These findings can provide a new method for the use of SC in engineering