Leptonic Signals from off-shell Z Boson Pairs at Hadron Colliders

We study the gluon fusion into pairs of off-shell Z bosons and their subsequent decay into charged lepton pairs at hadron colliders. We do not restrict the intermediate state Z bosons to the narrow width approximation but allow for arbitrary invariant masses. We compare the strength of this process with the known leading order results for q q_bar -> Z Z -> 4 l and for g g -> H -> Z Z -> 4 l .Comment: 18 p., DESY 94-06

The Symbolics of Death and the Construction of Christian Asceticism: Greek Patristic Voices from the Fourth through Seventh Centuries

This thesis examines the role which death plays in the development of a uniquely Christian identity in John Climacus’ seventh-century work, the Ladder of Divine Ascent and the Greek ascetic literature of the previous centuries. I argue that John Climacus deploys language of death, inherited from a range of Greek Christian literature, as the symbolic framework within which he describes the ascetic lifestyle as developing a Christian identity. This framework is expressed by thee ascetic practice of ‘memory of death’ and by practices of renunciation described as ‘death’ to oneself and others. In order to understand Climacus’ unique achievement in regard to engagement with death it is necessary first to situate the Ladder and its author within the literature of the Greek ascetic tradition, within which Climacus consciously wrote. In the Introduction I develp ways Climacus draws on and develops traditional material, while arguing that it must be treated and interpreted in its own right and not simply as his ‘sources.’ I then examine the vocabulary of death and the lines of thought opened up in the New Testament. Chapter One argues that the memory of death plays an important role in Athanasius’ Vita Antonii. Chapter Two surveys material from the fifth- and sixth-century Egyptian and Palestinian deserts in which memory and practice of death are deployed in a wider variety of ways and are increasingly connected to ascetics’ fundamental understanding of self and salvation. Chapter Three examines the sixth-century Quaestiones et Responsiones of Barsanuphius and John of Gaza in which further elaboration of the same thematic is discernible. Chapter Four concludes this thesis with a sustained reading of John Climacus’ Scala Paradisi in which the various thematics centring on memory and practice of death are synthesized into the existential framework and practical response, respectively

Performance Anxiety and the Benefits of Proper Breathing for Singing

The intent of this thesis is to help those with Music Performance Anxiety, or anxiety in general, better understand their anxiety and its causes. They can then use this knowledge to reduce or control their symptoms in order to improve their performance, whether on a stage or in a classroom. One of the main symptoms of Music Performance Anxiety is constriction of the chest. It is one of the most debilitating symptoms to singers as it causes shortness of breath. Therefore, focusing on anxiety in relation to breathing will most benefit those with Music Performance Anxiety. In addition, learning about the causes and effects of Music Performance Anxiety may help performers with their stage fright whether it be just nervous jitters or debilitating anxiety

Molecular mechanisms of autoimmunity triggered by microbial infection

Autoimmunity can be triggered by microbial infection. In this context, the discovery of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) provides new insights and research perspectives. TLRs induce innate and adaptive antimicrobial immune responses upon exposure to common pathogen-associated molecules, including lipopeptides, lipopolysaccharides, and nucleic acids. They also have the potential, however, to trigger autoimmune disease, as has been revealed by an increasing number of experimental reports. This review summarizes important facts about TLR biology, available data on their role in autoimmunity, and potential consequences for the management of patients with autoimmune disease

Mouse invariant chain γ exhibits structural homology to both polymorphic subunits of the α,β-core complex of I-Ak antigens

AbstractThe 3 major constituents of the I-Ak subregion-associated complex α, β and γ were obtained from splenocytes in homogeneous form by differential isolation methods. α, β and γ were compared on the primary structural level by enzymatic fragmentation procedures and tryptic peptide map analysis of radiolabeled proteins. The data indicate that the invariant chain γ exhibits extensive structural homology to the polymorphic β-light and the α-heavy chain. Thus, although not being encoded within the MHC γ appears to belong structurally to the MHC-encoded class II proteins

Chemokinrezeptorexpression peripherer T-Helferzellen im Zusammenhang mit Klinik und Pathogenese atopischer Erkrankungen bei Kindern

Hintergrund und Fragestellung: Die Konfrontation des Immunsystems mit einem definierten Antigen löst eine spezifische Immunantwort aus. Die daran beteiligten TH-Zellen können anhand der von ihnen sezernierten Zytokine in TH1- und TH2-Zellen sowie in weitere Subtypen differenziert werden. Dabei sind TH1-Zellen durch die Synthese von IFN-g charakterisiert, während TH2-Zellen vorwiegend Interleukin-4 produzieren. Die gezielte Auswanderung von TH-Zellen in inflammatorische Gewebe wird unter anderem durch Chemokinrezeptoren, welche chemotaktische Zytokine (sog. Chemokine) binden, gesteuert. TH1-Zellen exprimieren bevorzugt CXCR3 und CCR5, TH2-Zellen dagegen CCR3 und CCR4. TH-Zellen sind an der Pathogenese von Typ I Allergien entscheidend beteiligt. Für die Entwicklung der hinsichtlich der Ausbildung von Typ I Allergien protektiven TH1-Zellen scheint die Auseinandersetzung des Immunsystems mit mikrobiellen Antigenen in der allerfrühesten Kindheit notwendig zu sein. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, in einem Pilotprojekt an einem Normalkollektiv zweijähriger Kinder das Expressionsmuster oben genannter Chemokinrezeptoren auf peripheren TH-Zellen zu analysieren. In einem zweiten Schritt sollte untersucht werden, ob ein positiver Zusammenhang zwischen TH2-assoziierten Chemokinrezeptoren und der Familienanamnese hinsichtlich atopischer Erkrankungen, der klinischen Diagnose einer atopischen Dermatitis und anderen in der Allergiediagnostik eingesetzten Parametern besteht, oder sich ein negativer Zusammenhang zwischen den TH1-assoziierten Chemokinrezeptoren und oben genannten Parametern zeigen lässt. Darüber hinaus sollte überprüft werden, ob zwischen der Endotoxinexposition, als Proxy für die mikrobielle Exposition in den ersten Lebensmonaten, und dem Expressionsmuster der Chemokinrezeptoren ein Zusammenhang nachgewiesen werden kann. Ergebnisse:Die Chemokinrezeptoren CCR4, CCR5 sowie CXCR3 waren bei allen Probanden nachweisbar. CCR3 konnte bei acht von 37, IFN-g bei 33 von 42 untersuchten Probanden nachgewiesen werden. IL-4 war nicht nachweisbar. Es bestand ein positiver Trend in der Korrelation zwischen der mRNA-Expression von IFN-g und den Chemokinrezeptoren CCR5 (r=0,571) sowie CXCR3 (r=0,386). Ebenso zeigte sich ein positiver Trend in der Korrelation zwischen CCR5 und CXCR3 (r=0,273). Diese Zusammenhänge waren nicht statistisch signifikant. Dagegen korrelierte die CCR5 mRNA-Expression hochsignifikant (p=0,001) sowie die CCR4 mRNA-Expression grenzwertig signifikant (p=0,046) mit dem Endotoxingehalt in der Muttermatratze der Probanden. Schlussfolgerungen: ·In unstimulierten peripheren T-Helferzellen zweijähriger Kinder ist die Quantifizierung der Chemokinzeptoren CCR4, CCR5 sowie CXCR3 mit Hilfe der real-time RT-PCR möglich. IFN-g ist in der überwiegenden Anzahl der untersuchten Probanden nachweisbar, CCR3 nur bei wenigen, IL-4 bei keinem der Probanden. ·Die mRNA-Expression TH1-/TH2-assoziierter Chemokinrezeptoren in unstimulierten, peripheren T-Helferzellen ist für die Differenzierung von Kindern mit von Kindern ohne atopische Dermatitis nicht hilfreich. ·Dagegen scheint die mRNA-Expression von CCR5 als möglichem Marker einer TH1-Antwort mit dem Symptomenkomplex wheezing zu korrelieren. Dieser Befund muss in Studien mit großen Fallzahlen überprüft werden. Wheezing ist am häufigsten mit viralen Infektionen vergesellschaftet. Die weitere Nachuntersuchung der Kinder im Schulalter wird zeigen, bei welchen Kindern sich dennoch Asthma manifestiert. ·Die perinatale Endotoxin-Exposition ist mit einer erhöhten CCR5 mRNA-Expression peripherer TH-Zellen assoziiert. ·Damit deuten die Befunde auf eine Verwertbarkeit der CCR5 mRNA-Expression als TH1-Marker in unstimulierten peripheren TH-Zellen hin

The Economic Role of Universities in Medium-Sized Cities: A Case Study of the Medical College of Georgia in Augusta, Georgia

The literature on knowledge economies does not offer analysis specific to medium-sized cities despite their distinct economic characteristics. More specifically, the role of universities in medium-sized cities is not documented. This study attempts to add to the body of knowledge on both medium-sized cities and knowledge economies by conducting a case study of the current efforts of a medium-sized city in Georgia. The Augusta-Richmond MSA and the Medical College of Georgia are analyzed. It is hypothesized that the university is the major driver to initiating the construction of a technology transfer infrastructure within the city, a necessary component to a knowledge economy. It is found that the Medical College of Georgia and the Georgia Medical Center Authority, a state entity, are the initiators of developing a technology transfer infrastructure while the local government has made less effort in contributing to the process. Findings show that the lack of visibility of both the Medical College of Georgia and the Augusta region, lack of existing industry in the region, lack of financial resources and lack of venture capital and entrepreneurs in the region are the greatest barriers to efforts to transition the region into successful knowledge-based economy.M.S.Committee Chair: Shapira, Philip; Committee Member: Kingsley, Gordon; Committee Member: Youtie, Ja

An Analysis of the Relationships of the Perceptions of College Environment by Existing Groups and Subgroups on the Campus of a Small Church-affiliated College

The CUES II was used to investigate and analyze the campus environment of a small church-affiliated college in California