Noncrossover Dither Creeping Mutation-Based Genetic Algorithm for Pipe Network Optimization

Ceylon [Sri Lanka]ColorVolume 9, Page 1

A New Method For Extraction Of Mandibular First Molars In Rats

The aim of the present study is to describe a new technique for the mandibular first molar extraction based on tooth section in rats. One hundred and forty Wistar rats, from three different researches underwent general anaesthesia. Each animal was then positioned on a specific board and hollemback 3ss was used to make the syndesmotomy. The mandibular first molars were extracted after tooth section with carbide 1/4 drills in a high-speed hand piece under constant irrigation with sterile saline solution, The mesial portion of the first molar was removed with a modified curved mosquito forceps. The distal portion was removed and the socket was closed with 5-0 nylon thread sutures using non-traumatic needles. During the first week after tooth extraction animals were fed with regular pressed food to avoid post-operatory trauma. This technique is careful and avoid unnecessary trauma, with minimal numbers of fractures (9.3%) and accidents such as haemorrhage (2%) All the reminiscent roots could be removed by the described method. Our technique proved to be an efficient model for future researches on alveolar wound healing with minimal fractures and accidents and provided better post-extraction outcomes for the rats.62113441348Amler, M.H., Johnson, P.L., Salmon, I., Histological and histochemical investigation of human alveolar socket healing in undisturbed extraction wounds (1960) J Am Dent Assoc, 61, pp. 32-44Boyne, P.J., Osseous repair of the postextraction alveolus in man (1966) Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol, 21, pp. 805-813Becker, W., Becker, B.E., Caffesse, R., A comparison of demineralized freeze-dried bone and autologous bone to induce bone formation in human extraction sockets (1994) J Periodontol, 5, pp. 1128-1133Moller, J.F., Petersen, J.K., Efficacy of a fibrin sealant on healing of extraction wounds (1988) Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 17, pp. 142-144Marmary, Y., Brayer, L., Tzukert, A., Feller, L., Alveolar bone repair following extraction of impacted mandibular third molars (1986) Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol, 61, pp. 324-326Braegger, U., Litch, J., Pasquali, L., Komman, K.S., Computer assisted densitometric image analysis for the quantitation of radiographic alveolar bone changes (1987) J Periodontal Res, 22, pp. 227-229Carvalho, T.L., Araujo, C.A., Teofilo, J.M., Brentegani, L.G., Histologic and histometric evaluation of rat alveolar wound healing around polyurethane resin implants (1997) Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 26, pp. 149-152McMillan, M.D., Neutrophils in the molar tooth extraction wound in the rat: A transmission electron microscope (TEM) study (1999) J Oral Pathol Med, 28, pp. 297-302Devlin, H., Early bone healing events following rat molar tooth extraction (2000) Cells Tissues Organs, 167, pp. 33-37Brentegani, L.G., Bombonato, K.F., Carvalho, T.L., Immediate implantation of glass-ionomer cement granules increases osteogenesis during rat alveolar wound healing (1996) J Nihon Univ Sch Dent, 38, pp. 141-145Lekic, P., Rubbino, I., Krasnoshtein, F., Cheifetz, S., McCulloch, C.A., Tenenbaum, H., Bisphosphonate modulates proliferation and differentiation of rat periodontal ligament cells during wound healing (1997) Anat Rec, 247, pp. 329-340Silva, H.C., Coletta, R.D., Jorge, J., Bolzani, G., Almeida, O.P., Graner, E., The effect of cyclosporin A on the activity of matrix metalloproteinases during the healing of rat molar extraction wounds (2001) Arch Oral Biol, 46, pp. 875-879Shimizu, M., Furuya, R., Kawawa, T., Sasaki, T., Bone wound healing after maxillary molar extraction in ovariectomized aged rats: Quantitative backscattered electron image analysis (2000) Anat Rec, 259, pp. 76-85Zecchin, K.G., Pereira, M.C., Coletta, R.D., Graner, E., Jorje, J., Ovariectomy reduces the gelatinolytic activity and expression of matrix metalloproteinases and collagen in rat molar extraction wounds (2005) Calcif Tissue Int, 76, pp. 136-145Pereira MC, Zecchin KG, Campagnoli EB, et al. Ovariectomy delays alveolar wound healing after molar extractions in rats. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. [in press] (accepted in Dec 7th, 2006)Devlin, H., Garland, H., Sloan, P., Healing of tooth extraction sockets in experimental diabetes mellitus (1996) J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 54, pp. 1087-1091Boyes-Varley, J.G., Cleaton-Jones, P.E., Lownie, J.F., Effect of a topical drug combination on the early healing of extraction sockets in the vervet monkey (1988) Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 17, pp. 138-141Freitag, V., Landau, H., Histological findings in the alveolar sockets and tooth roots after experimental mandibular fractures in dogs (1997) J Craniomaxillofac Surg, 25, pp. 203-211Mason, A.G., Holland, G.R., The reinnervation of healing extraction sockets in the ferret (1993) J Dent Res, 72, pp. 1215-1221Kuboki, Y., Hashimoto, F., Ishibashi, K., Time-dependent changes of collagen crosslinks in the socket after tooth extraction in rabbits (1988) J Dent Res, 67, p. 9448Tanaka, S., Shimizu, M., Debari, K., Furuya, R., Kawawa, T., Sasaki, T., Acute effects of ovariectomy on wound healing of alveolar bone after maxillary molar extraction in aged rats (2001) Anat Rec, 262, pp. 203-212Okamoto, T., Gabrielli, M.F., Gabrielli, M.A., Influence of different types of non-resorbable suture material on the healing of extraction wounds-a histological study in rats (1990) J Nihon Univ Sch Dent, 32, pp. 104-115Okamoto, T., Okamoto, R., Alves Rezende, M.C., Gabielli, M.F., Interference of the blood clot on granulation tissue formation after tooth extraction. Histomorphological study in rats (1994) Braz Dent J, 5, pp. 85-92de Carvalho, P.S., Mariano, R.C., Okamoto, T., Treatment of fibrinolytic alveolitis with rifamycin B diethylamide associated with gelfoam: A histological study (1997) Braz Dent J, 8, pp. 3-8Elovic, R.P., Hipp, J.A., Hayes, W.C., Maxillary molar extraction decreases stiffness of the mandible in ovariectomized rats (1994) J Dent Res, 73, pp. 1735-1741Li, X., Nishimura, I., Altered bone remodeling pattern of the residual ridge in ovariectomized rats (1994) J Prosthet Dent, 72, pp. 324-330Smith, N., A comparative histological and radiographic study of extraction socket healing in the rat (1974) Aust Dent J, 19, pp. 250-254Bodner, L., Dayan, D., Rothchild, D., Hammel, I., Extraction wound healing in desalivated rats (1991) J Oral Pathol Med, 20, pp. 176-178Iizuka, T., Miller, S.C., Marks Jr., S.C., Alveolar bone remodeling after tooth extraction in normal and osteopetrotic (ia) rats (1992) J Oral Pathol Med, 21, pp. 150-155Bodner, L., Kaffe, I., Cohen, Z., Dayan, D., Long-term effect of desalivation on extraction wound healing: A densitometric study in rats (1993) Dentomaxillofac Radiol, 22, pp. 195-198Guglielmotti, M.B., Cabrini, R.L., Alveolar wound healing and ridge remodeling after tooth extraction in the rat: A histologic, radiographic, and histometric study (1985) J Oral Maxillo fac Surg, 3, pp. 359-364Vignery, A., Baron, R., Dynamic histomorphometry of alveolar bone remodeling in the adult rat (1980) Anat Rec, 96, pp. 191-200Hsieh, Y.D., Devlin, H., McCord, F., The effect of ovariectomy on the healing tooth socket of the rat (1995) Arch Oral Biol, 40, pp. 529-531Doku, H.C., Shklar, G., Bugbee, B., The effect of epsilon aminocaproic acid on the healing of extraction wounds in hamsters (1966) Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol, 2, pp. 569-577Dayan, D., Bodner, L., Horowitz, I., Effect of salivary gland hypofunction on the healing of extraction wounds: A histomorphometric study in rats (1992) J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 50, pp. 354-358Bodner, L., Kaffie, I., Littner, M.M., Cohen, J., Extraction site healing in rats. A radiologic densitometric study (1993) Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol, 75, pp. 367-372Ubios, A.M., Jares, F.G., Guglielmotti, M.B., Effect of calcitonin on alveolar wound healing (1991) J Oral Pathol Med, 20, pp. 322-324Carvalho, T.L., Teofilo, J.M., Araujo, C.A., Brentegani, L.G., Chronology of alveolar healing following immediate implantation of Ricinus communis polyurethane resin: Histometric analysis in rats (1997) J Biomed Mater Res, 37, pp. 449-452Carvalho, A., Castro, A.L., Santos Pinto, M.C., Mineralization in the repair process of tooth extraction lesions in rats. Contribution to densitometric study (1980) Ars Curandi Odontol, 7, pp. 304-312Okamoto, T., Vasconcelos Fialho, A.C., Comparative histological study of two methods of obtaining alveolar sections in rats (1990) Rev Odontol UNESP, 19, pp. 63-74Nishimura, I., Damiani, P.J., Atwood, D.A., Resorption of residual ridges (RRR) in rats (1987) J Dent Res, 66, pp. 1753-1757Pietrokovski, J., Massler, M., Alveolar ridge resorption following tooth extraction (1967) J Prosthet Dent, 17, pp. 21-2

An integrated and coordinated approach to preventing recurrent coronary heart disease events in Australia: Policy statement from the Australian Cardiovascular Health and Rehabilitation Association

• Implementing existing knowledge about cardiac rehabilitation (CR) and heart failure management could markedly reduce mortality after acute coronary syndromes and revascularisation therapy. • Contemporary CR and secondary prevention programs are cost-effective, safe and beneficial for patients of all ages, leading to improved survival, fewer revascularisation procedures and reduced rehospitalisation. • Despite the proven benefits attributed to these secondary prevention interventions, they are not well attended by patients. • Modern programs must be flexible, culturally safe, multifaceted and integrated with the patient's primary health care provider to achieve optimal and sustainable benefits for most patients

Favorable Trend of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Service Life in a Large Single-Nation Population: Insights From 10-Year Analysis of the Italian Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Registry

Background: Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) are widely employed for the prevention of sudden cardiac death. Despite technological improvements, patients often need to undergo generator replacement, which entails the risk of periprocedural complications. Our aim was to estimate the service life of ICDs over a 10-year interval and to assess the main causes of replacement on the basis of data from the National ICD Registry of the Italian Society of Arrhythmology and Cardiac Pacing (AIAC). Methods and Results: The registry includes data from over 400 hospitals in Italy. We included all patients who underwent device replacement from calendar years 2007 to 2016. The median service life of the ICDs and its trend over the years was estimated across the 3 types of devices (single-chamber, dual-chamber, cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator) and the indication to implantation. The causes of replacement were also analyzed. We included 29 158 records from 27 676 patients (80.9% men; mean age at device replacement 65.8±12.0 years). The median service life was 57.3 months (interquartile range 27.8 months). Over the years, service life showed an increasing trend. The majority of patients underwent elective replacement because of battery end of life, and over the years there was a significant reduction of replacement for recalls, erosion/infections, and cardiac resynchronization therapy upgrading. Conclusions: Our data from a large single-nation population showed that the trend of ICD service life, independently from ICD type, indication, and settings, significantly improved over time. Moreover, there was a striking reduction of interventions for upgrading and infection/erosion. This favorable trend has important clinical, organizational, and financial implications

Ant colony optimization for design of water distribution systems

During the last decade, evolutionary methods such as genetic algorithms have been used extensively for the optimal design and operation of water distribution systems. More recently, ant colony optimization algorithms ~ACOAs!, which are evolutionary methods based on the foraging behavior of ants, have been successfully applied to a number of benchmark combinatorial optimization problems. In this paper, a formulation is developed which enables ACOAs to be used for the optimal design of water distribution systems. This formulation is applied to two benchmark water distribution system optimization problems and the results are compared with those obtained using genetic algorithms ~GAs!. The findings of this study indicate that ACOAs are an attractive alternative to GAs for the optimal design of water distribution systems, as they outperformed GAs for the two case studies considered both in terms of computational efficiency and their ability to find near global optimal solutions.Holger R. Maier, Angus R. Simpson, Aaron C. Zecchin, Wai Kuan Foong, Kuang Yeow Phang, Hsin Yeow Seah and Chan Lim Ta

Dynamically expanding choice-table approach to genetic algorithm optimization of water distribution systems

This paper proposes a modified genetic algorithm (GA) for optimization of water distribution systems. A method of dynamically expanding the pipe-choice-table selections and reducing the number of decision variables is introduced, which occurs during a GA run. On the basis of the progressive selection, an initially reduced choice table for each decision variable is allowed to dynamically expand, and then the number of decision variables is gradually reduced. This process enables the GA search to concentrate on promising regions of the search space. The dynamically expanding choice-table genetic algorithm (GA DECT) has been applied to a benchmark case study, the New York Tunnels Problem. The results obtained show that the GA DECT yields a superior performance in terms of solution quality and computational efficiency. © 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers.Feifei Zheng, Angus R. Simpson, and Aaron C. Zecchi

Orthogonal methods based ant colony search for solving continuous optimization problems

Research into ant colony algorithms for solving continuous optimization problems forms one of the most significant and promising areas in swarm computation. Although traditional ant algorithms are designed for combinatorial optimization, they have shown great potential in solving a wide range of optimization problems, including continuous optimization. Aimed at solving continuous problems effectively, this paper develops a novel ant algorithm termed "continuous orthogonal ant colony" (COAC), whose pheromone deposit mechanisms would enable ants to search for solutions collaboratively and effectively. By using the orthogonal design method, ants in the feasible domain can explore their chosen regions rapidly and e±ciently. By implementing an "adaptive regional radius" method, the proposed algorithm can reduce the probability of being trapped in local optima and therefore enhance the global search capability and accuracy. An elitist strategy is also employed to reserve the most valuable points. The performance of the COAC is compared with two other ant algorithms for continuous optimization of API and CACO by testing seventeen functions in the continuous domain. The results demonstrate that the proposed COAC algorithm outperforms the others

Simple, Dark, and Deep: Photographic Theorizations of As-Yet Schools

Within the space of this collective image/text article, 18 photographic imagemakers and 4 respondents consider deeply and dialogically a quote from William Ayers’ 2016 book Teaching with Conscience in an Imperfect World: An Invitation. The resulting constellation of images and words (1) realizes a space within which works of art, specifically photographs, operate as centers of meaning to generate educational implications, and (2) theorizes a pedagogy that resists unilateral prescriptions and is instead anchored around openness, expansion, and individualization. The paper begins with a few short pieces from Sarah Pfohl, including an overview of Ayers’ book and ideas from writings on progressive education, object-based teaching and learning, and close/slow looking to position works of art as sites of rich meaning. While contemporary schooling often drives toward monolithic, numerical representations of the learners in its care, the article employs postdigital gestures to argue that learners have more in common with works of art than numbers, and thus, attention to artworks can open valuable implications for teaching and learning. The diverse group of images that follow offer an emerging portrait of teaching practice as a set of constantly shifting constellations moving across deep time and space from the intensely specific to the wide. Four texts think more about schools, education, and art. Finally, there is a postscript from Bill Ayers himself

Phylogenetic Structure and Metabolic Properties of Microbial Communities in Arsenic-Rich Waters of Geothermal Origin

Arsenic (As) is a toxic element released in aquatic environments by geogenic processes or anthropic activities. To counteract its toxicity, several microorganisms have developed mechanisms to tolerate and utilize it for respiratory metabolism. However, still little is known about identity and physiological properties of microorganisms exposed to natural high levels of As and the role they play in As transformation and mobilization processes. This work aims to explore the phylogenetic composition and functional properties of aquatic microbial communities in As-rich freshwater environments of geothermal origin and to elucidate the key microbial functional groups that directly or indirectly may influence As-transformations across a natural range of geogenic arsenic contamination. Distinct bacterial communities in terms of composition and metabolisms were found. Members of Proteobacteria, affiliated to Alpha- and Betaproteobacteria were mainly retrieved in groundwaters and surface waters, whereas Gammaproteobacteria were the main component in thermal waters. Most of the OTUs from thermal waters were only distantly related to 16S rRNA gene sequences of known taxa, indicating the occurrence of bacterial biodiversity so far unexplored. Nitrate and sulfate reduction and heterotrophic As(III)-oxidization were found as main metabolic traits of the microbial cultivable fraction in such environments. No growth of autotrophic As(III)-oxidizers, autotrophic and heterotrophic As(V)-reducers, Fe-reducers and oxidizers, Mn-reducers and sulfide oxidizers was observed. The ars genes, involved in As(V) detoxifying reduction, were found in all samples whereas aioA [As(III) oxidase] and arrA genes [As(V) respiratory reductase] were not found. Overall, we found that As detoxification processes prevailed over As metabolic processes, concomitantly with the intriguing occurrence of novel thermophiles able to tolerate high levels of As