THE UTILIZATION OF VISUAL BASIC.NET APPLICATION FOR DETERMINATION OF INDIVIDUAL DRUG DOSAGES IN DIABETIC PATIENTS OF CHRONIC RENAL DISORDER COMPLICATIONS

  Objective: This research aims to apply the Visual Basic.Net (VB.NET) of individual dose calculations based on the formula of pharmacokinetics for diabetic patients of chronic renal disorder complication in Dr. Pirngadi Hospital because the dosage administered was not based on the patient's creatinine clearance.Methods: This descriptive research was conducted using a simulated creatinine cleavage calculation using VB.NET programming language applications with variable patient data, the value of creatinine, the name of drug, and dosage.Results: This study obtained data about the use of drugs 40 patients who met the inclusion criteria of 320 medical records of diabetic patients, there are 6 types of drugs that are not in accordance with the dose based on the calculation of creatinine clearance are ceftriaxone(18 of 18 cases), furosemide (19 of 19 cases), ciprofloxacin (2 of 8 cases), ranitidine (4 of 24 cases), metformin (2 of 7 cases), and captopril (16 of 16 cases).Conclusions: This research aims to apply the VB.NET is it able to apply individual doses for patients with diabetes complications of renal failure have not been applied in accordance with creatinine clearance calculations at this hospitalwhere this work is difficult to do

Dry Suspension Formulation of Ethanol Extract from Wuluh Starfruit (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) with Arenga Gum as Suspending Agent

Wuluh starfruit (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) has a sour taste and high water content which makes the fruit easily damaged and has a short shelf life. It is necessary to process wuluh starfruit in order to obtain a product that has a longer shelf life and tastes better without reducing its benefits. The purpose of this study was to determine the wuluh starfruit in the form of ethanol extract can be formulated into a dry suspension dosage form with arenga gum as a suspension which at a certain concentration can be an optimal suspending agent. Based on the results showed that the ethanol extract of wuluh starfruit (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) could be formulated into a dry suspension. The preparation with 0.5% arenga gum as a suspending agent is the best preparation which has a moisture content of 0.46%, stationary angle of 26.48º, flow time of 4.77 seconds, compressibility index of 18%, particle size distribution 152.133μm, viscosity 106.00 cP, pH 4.16 and sedimentation volume 0.55. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and post hoc Multiple Comprasions Tukey HSD test

MODIFICATED EXTRACTION AND PURITY TEST OF ARENGA PINNATA GUM

Objective: The purpose of this study is modificated extraction method to obtain gum from Arenga pinnata Merr. and their purity test.Methods: Gum has been extracted from palm seed using distilled water by centrifugation and warming. Characterization of gum was done by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersivse X-ray and spectrophotometer infrared. Gum refluxed with HCl 2 N for 14 h would be the monomer. Galactose and mannose were used as standard. Purity test was done by the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and Luff Schoorl method.Results: The study results obtained that the modification methods (4.8%) and centrifugation (4.6%). Identification of functional groups with the spectrophotometer infrared provided the same spectrum forms between the two methods. Purity test by TLC with the best eluen butanol: ethanol:water 2:2:2. Luff Schoorl's method gives results of 87.46%, whereas the raw comparison galactose-mannose standard 96.69%.Conclusions: The modification method gives more results with the same purity rate as the centrifugation method

DURIAN SEED UTILIZATION AS A BASE MATERIAL OF TOPICAL GEL

 Objective: This research is aimed to investigate that durian seed gum is potential as an excipient in topical drug delivery. Durian seed gum is isolated from low-cost source and usually discarded.Methods: A certain amount of durian seed gum was isolated and characterized by scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) and infrared spectrophotometer. The isolation method is divided into centrifuge and heating method, and the results of both methods are compared in their ability to form a gel and their evaluation.Results: The infrared spectra of durian seed gum by centrifugal method indicate the presence of -OH, -COOH, -CH groups, and the addition of C=O and ester groups on the heating method, i.e., at wave number 1726.22 cm−1. SEM-EDX shows the form of hollow surface particles, and the elements contained are C, O, K, Cl, and Mg. Durian seed gum of both methods formed a gel with boiling water at a concentration of 5% giving transparent and non-flowing results.Conclusion: Durian seed gum by the heating method is a low-methoxyl pectin compound because it is extracted at an alkaline pH. Durian seed gum can form a gel and complete the gel evaluation requirements

Comparison Between The Suspension and Capsule Preparation from Waste of Avocado Seeds As Antidiarrhea in Induced Mouse

Diarrhea is one type of disease with the most sufferers every year. Thus, it is considered an endemic disease in Indonesia and the potential disease of Extraordinary Events accompanied by mortality. One of the plants that can be used as a traditional medicine for diarrhea is the avocado seed, as it contains tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids and glycosides, which act as antidiarrheals. This study aims to determine the antidiarrheal effect of avocado seed extract suspension on mice induced by Oleum ricini and the optimum concentration of avocado seed extract suspension and capsules with an antidiarrheal effect in white male mice induced by Oleum ricini. The dosage forms chosen were suspension and capsules. This study used an experimental method with a test sample of the avocado seed. Avocado seed Simplicia was extracted by the percolation method, then an oral suspension and capsule formulation were made from the avocado seed methanol extract. It was evaluated and tested for its effectiveness with mice to cure diarrhea. Normal data were analyzed by One Way ANOVA and Post Hoc Tuckey Method. The results of this study showed that the administration of a suspension of avocado seed methanol extract at a dose of 800 mg/KgBB had the most optimum effect as an antidiarrheal against white male mice with a stool weight of 0.39 grams and a duration of diarrhea for 74 minutes. Furthermore, the administration of avocado seed extract capsules at a dose of 75 mg/KgBB had the most optimum effect as antidiarrheal against white male mice with Loperamide as a positive control. Therefore, it can be concluded that all suspension formulations and capsules of avocado seed methanol extract met the requirements for preparation evaluation. Suspension and avocado seed methanol extract capsules can cure diarrhea in white male mice

THE UTILIZATION OF CORN COB´S CRACKER AS ANTICIPATION OF HARVEST FAILURE FOR ECONOMIC IMPROVEMENT FOR FARMER IN NARIGUNUNG 1 VILLAGE, KARO REGENCY

Narigunung 1 village is one of the villages located in Tiganderket District, Karo Regency, and North Sumatra Province. The community in this village consists of 150 heads of households whereby 90% earn a living by farming. The community manages various kinds of horticulture plants, especially vegetables and fruits, i.e. corn. The Geographic Village, which is located near to (± 8 km) the bottom of Sinabung mount, causes people often get crop failures, since the hot wind released from the Sinabung mount. Especially at the dry season, since the village is far from the source of water, therefore only relies on rain drops both for daily needs and for their agricultural lands. Failure of this harvest can reduce the economic welfare level of the community in the village. This community service activity was carried out, with the aim to stimulate the farmers and the community in Narigunung 1 village to make cracker businesses as a means of improving community welfare. The activity was carried out in the form of lectures, discussions, practice of making crackers from corn cobs, dissemination of food additives that were good for health, and the distribution of modules. After this service activity, the community in Narigunung 1 has been able to make crackers by utilizing corn cob which increases the economic value of the corn cob, using a grinding machine as a transfer knowledge of science and technology in the community and gain comprehensive knowledge about additional ingredients that are good for health

ANTIOXIDANT EFFECTIVENESS TEST USING UV-VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETRY IN FORMULATIONS ETHANOL EXTRACT OF KELUBI FRUIT FLESH (Eleiodoxa conferta (Griff.) Burret) MOISTURIZING CREAM PREPARATIONS

Buah kelubi (Eleiodoxa conferta (Griff.) Burret)  adalah tanaman buah yang mengandung senyawa flavonoid sangat bermanfaat untuk kulit. Kebaruan penelitian ini karena peneliti melakukan pengujian efektivitas antioksidan menggunakan spektrofotometri uv-visible pada formulasi ekstrak etanol daging buah kelubi dalam sediaan krim pelembab kulit. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis ekstrak etanol daging buah kelubi yang diformulasikan kedalam sediaan krim pelembab pada beberapa variasi konsentrasi yang memiliki aktivitas sebagai antioksidan dan tidak menimbulkan iritasi pada kulit. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif dan eksperimental dengan bahan uji daging buah kelubi yang di maserasi menggunakan penyari etanol 96% diformulasikan kedalam krim pelembab menggunakan konsentrasi 1,5%, 2,0%, 2,5% serta blanko. Hasil pengujian pada sediaan krim pelembab menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daging buah kelubi (Eleiodoxaconferta (Griff.) Burret) dapat diformulasikan dalam bentuk sediaan krim pelembab yang homogen dengan tipe emulsi M/A serta mempunyai nilai pH yang sesuai denga pH kulit fisiologis manusia yaitu nilai pH sediaan krim pelembab sesaat setelah dibuat adalah 6,1-6,5 dan pH sediaan krim pelembab setelah dilakukan Cycling test adalah 6,0-6,3. Sediaan krim pelembab dengan konsentrasi ekstrak etanol daging buah kelubi sebesar 2,5% adalah sediaan terbaik yang mampu memberikan kelembaban pada kulit sukarelawan dengan nilai 56 dimana nilai tersebut dikategorikan  “Hidrasi”, dengan persen pemulihan kelembapan pada kulit sebesar 28,04% selama 4 minggu pemakaian dengan kategori antioksidan sedang (IC50= 118,4903 ppm) dan blanko tergolong sebagai antioksidan yang sangat lemah (IC50= 243,0549 ppm). Kesimpulannya sediaan krim pelembab ekstrak etanol daging buah kelubi tidak menimbulakan efek mengiritasi kulit.Kata Kunci: Antioksidan; Ekstrak etanol; Buah kelubi; Krim pelembab.AbstractKelubi fruit (Eleiodoxa conferta (Griff.) Burret) is a fruit plant that contains flavonoid compounds that are very beneficial for the skin. The novelty of this study is that researchers tested the effectiveness of antioxidants using UV-visible spectrophotometry on the formulation of ethanol extract of kelubi fruit flesh in skin moisturizing cream preparations. The purpose of the study was to analyze ethanol extract of kelubi fruit flesh formulated into a moisturizing cream preparation at several concentration variations that have activity as antioxidants and do not cause irritation to the skin. The study used descriptive and experimental methods with test materials for kelubi fruit flesh which was macerated using 96% ethanol filtering formulated into a moisturizing cream utilizing a concentration of 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, and blanks. The test results on moisturizing cream preparations showed that ethanol extract of kelubi fruit flesh (Eleiodoxaconferta (Griff.) Burret) can be formulated in the dosage form of a homogeneous moisturizing cream with an M / A emulsion type and has a pH value that is under the pH of human physiological skin, namely the pH value of the moisturizing cream preparation shortly after it is made is 6.1-6.5, and the pH of the moisturizing cream preparation after the cycling test is 6.0-6.3. A moisturizing cream preparation with a concentration of ethanol extract of kelubi fruit flesh 2.5% is the best preparation that can provide moisture to the skin of volunteers with a value of 56 where the value is categorized as "Hydration," with a moisture recovery percent on the skin of 28.04% for 4 weeks of use with a moderate antioxidant category (IC50 = 118.4903 ppm) and blanks classified as very weak antioxidants (IC50 = 243.0549 ppm). In conclusion, preparing the moisturizing cream of ethanol extract from kelubi fruit flesh does not cause an irritating effect on the skin

FORMULASI SEDIAAN KRIM KOLAGEN TULANG IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus) SEBAGAI ANTI-AGING

Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is a freshwater fish that has the highest production volume in Indonesia. Tilapia fish is exported in the form of fresh whole, frozen whole, fresh filet frozen filet. Collagen is one of the many protein derivatives found in bones. This study aims to determine whether tilapia bone collagen can be formulated in the form of a cream which in certain concentrations can provide an anti-aging effect and not irritate the skin. This study used an experimental method, using tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) bones as test material. The stages of this study included sampling, determination of animals, isolation of collagen from tilapia bones, testing the characteristics of collagen with infrared spectrophotometry, selecting the basic cream formula, determining the modified cream formula, making tilapia bone collagen cream with concentrations of 1%, 1.5%, 2.5% and 3.5% and evaluation of cream preparations and anti-aging effectiveness tests using the Skin analyzer checker (aramo®) where the results were statistically tested using the ANOVA test with the SPSS 26 Free trial. The results showed that tilapia bone collagen (Oreochromis niloticus) can be formulated into cream preparations, is a homogeneous and stable preparation with an oil-in-water (O/A) emulsion type, with a pH range immediately after being made 6.1-6.5 and after cycling test 6.0-6.4. Tilapia fish bone collagen cream (Oreochromis niloticus) with a concentration of 3.5% (F4) showed the best anti-aging effectiveness in terms of providing moisture of 50.2%, included in the "moist" category with a percent recovery of 24.7%, more higher compared to the comparison cream which provides moisture of 47.0% including the "moisturizing" category with a recovery percentage of 16.14%, 21.5% reduction in pore size, 22.1% reduction in the number of blemishes and 22.2% reduction in the number of wrinkles . The results of the probability statistical test were smaller than (p<0.05) statistically showing a significant difference with the comparison cream. All preparations of tilapia bone collagen cream (Oreochromis niloticus) do not irritate the skin.Ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) merupakan ikan air tawar yang memiliki volume produksi terbanyak di Indonesia. Ikan nila diekspor dalam bentuk utuh segar, utuh beku, filet segar filet beku. Kolagen merupakan salah satu turunan protein yang banyak terdapat pada tulang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah kolagen tulang ikan nila dapat diformulasikan dalam bentuk krim yang dalam konsentrasi tertentu mampu memberikan efek anti-aging dan tidak mengiritasi kulit. Penelitian ini memakai metode eksperimental, menggunakan bahan uji tulang ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus). Tahapan penelitian ini meliputi pengambilan sampel, determinasi hewan, isolasi kolagen dari tulang ikan nila, uji karateristik kolagen dengan spektrofotometri inframerah, pemilihan formula dasar krim, penetapan formula modifikasi krim, pembuatan krim kolagen tulang ikan nila dengan konsentrasi 1%, 1,5%, 2,5% dan 3,5% dan evaluasi sediaan krim serta uji efektivitas anti-aging menggunakan alat Skin analyzer checker (aramo®) dimana hasilnya di uji secara statistik memakai uji ANOVA dengan SPSS 26 Free trial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kolagen tulang ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) dapat di formulasikan kedalam sediaan krim, merupakan sediaan homogen dan stabil dengan tipe emulsi minyak dalam air (M/A), dengan rentang pH sesaat setelah dibuat 6,1-6,5 dan setelah cycling test 6,0-6,4. Sediaan krim kolagen tulang ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) dengan konsentrasi 3,5% (F4) menunjukkan efektivitas anti-aging yang paling baik dalam hal memberikan kelembaban sebesar 50,2% termasuk kategori “lembab” dengan persen pemulihan 24,7%, lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan krim pembanding yang memberikan kelembaban sebesar 47,0% termasuk kategori “lembab” dengan persen pemulihan 16,14%, pengecilan besar pori 21,5%, pengurangan jumlah noda 22,1% dan pengurangan jumlah keriput sebesar 22,2% . Hasil uji statistik probabilitas lebih kecil dari (p<0,05) secara statistik menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan dengan krim pembanding. Seluruh sediaan krim kolagen tulang ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) tidak mengiritasi kulit

FORMULASI DAN EVALUASI SABUN TRANSPARAN DARI KOLAGEN TULANG SAPI (Bos sp.) SEBAGAI PELEMBAB

Collagen is one of the proteins that make up the body or the organic structure that builds bones, teeth, joints, muscles, and skin. Collagen is very often used by the community because it is to maintain healthy skin and maintain skin elasticity. This study aims to determine collagen from bovine bones can be formulated into transparent soap preparations. Bovine bone collagen (Bos sp.) was extracted by immersion using 1N NaOH. The production of transparent soap formulas in several concentrations is 0.5%, 1%, 2.5%, and 5% collagen. The bovine bone collagen yield was obtained 27.5%. Collagen in a variety of concentrations produces different colors and the ability to moisturize the skin. Bovine bone collagen (Bos sp.) was formulated in transparent soap preparations from bovine bone collagen (Bos sp.) with a concentration of 0.5% including the category "moist" and transparent soap preparation from bovine bone collagen (Bos sp.) 1% , 2.5%, and 5% including the category of "very humid" and the results of testing on volunteers showed that transparent soap from collagen in bovine bone (Bos sp.) did not cause irritation.Kolagen adalah salah satu protein penyusun tubuh atau struktur organik pembangun tulang, gigi, sendi, otot, dan kulit. Kolagen sangat sering digunakan masyarakat karena demi menjaga kesehatan kulit dan memelihara elastisitas kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kolagen dari tulang sapi dapat diformulasikan kedalam sediaan sabun transparan. Kolagen tulang sapi (Bos sp.) diekstraksi dengan cara perendaman menggunakan NaOH 1N. pembuatan formula sabun transparan dalam beberapa konsentrasi yaitu 0,5%, 1%, 2,5%, dan 5% kolagen. Rendemen kolagen tulang sapi diperoleh 27,5%. Kolagen dalam sediaan dengan variasi konsentrasi menghasilkan warna dan kemampuan melembabkan kulit yang berbeda. Kolagen tulang sapi (Bos sp.) yang diformulasikan dalam sediaan sabun transparan dari kolagen tulang sapi (Bos sp.) dengan konsentrasi yaitu 0,5% termasuk kategori “lembab” dan sediaan sabun transparan dari kolagen tulang sapi (Bos sp.)  1%, 2,5%, dan 5% termasuk kategori “sangat lembab” dan hasil pengujian terhadap sukarelawan menunjukkan bahwa sabun transparan dari kolagen tulang sapi (Bos sp.) tidak menyebabkan iritasi

FORMULASI SEDIAAN KRIM MENGGUNAKAN KOLAGEN TULANG AYAM BROILER (Gallus gallus domestica) SEBAGAI ANTI-AGING

Chicken bones are one type of solid waste that contains a source of protein in the form of collagen. Collagen is one of the main connective tissues of animal protein and is widely used as a biomedical material, and has anti-aging. Anti-aging in cream preparations can prevent aging of the skin. This study aims to determine whether broiler bone collagen can be formulated in cream preparations which at certain concentrations can provide anti-aging and do not irritate the skin. This research uses an experimental method, using broiler chicken bone test material. The stages of this research include isolation of collagen from broiler bones, characteristics of collagen with infrared spectrophotometry, manufacture of cream of broiler bone collagen with concentrations of 1%, 1.5%, 2.5% and 3.5% and evaluation of cream and testing the effectiveness of anti-aging agents. -aging using a skin analyzer (aramo) where the results are statistically tested using the ANOVA test with SPSS 26 free trial.  The results showed that broiler bone collagen can be formulated in cream anti-aging with an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion type. Statistical test results show the probability is less than 0.05. The formulation of broiler chicken bone collagen cream with a concentration of 3.5% showed the best anti-aging by increasing moisture by 25.2%, reducing pores 22.2%, reducing blemishes 22.9% and reducing wrinkles 22.3%. Keywords : Broiler chicken, bone, collagen, anti-aging, creamTulang ayam merupakan salah satu jenis limbah padat yang mengandung sumber protein berupa kolagen. Kolagen merupakan salah satu dari jaringan ikat utama protein hewani dan banyak digunakan sebagai bahan biomedis, dan memiliki efektivitas sebagai anti-aging. Anti-aging dalam sediaan krim mampu mencegah penuaan pada kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah kolagen tulang ayam broiler dapat diformulasikan dalam sediaan krim yang pada konsentrasi tertentu dapat memberikan efek anti-aging dan tidak mengiritasi kulit. Penelitian ini memakai metode eksperimental, menggunakan bahan uji tulang ayam broiler. Tahapan penelitian ini meliputi isolasi kolagen dari tulang ayam broiler, karakteristik kolagen dengan spektrofotometri inframerah, pembuatan krim kolagen tulang ayam broiler dengan konsentrasi 1%, 1,5%, 2,5% dan 3,5% dan evaluasi sediaan krim serta uji efektivitas anti-aging menggunakan alat skin analyzer (aramo) dimana hasilnya diuji secara statistik memakai uji ANOVA dengan SPSS 26 free trial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kolagen tulang ayam broiler dapat diformulasikan dalam sediaan krim anti-aging dengan tipe emulsi minyak dalam air (M/A) hasil evaluasi sediaan merupakan sediaan yang homogen, stabil dan tidak mengiritasi kulit dengan rentang pH 6,1-6,4. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan probabilitas lebih kecil dari 0.05. Formulasi krim kolagen tulang ayam broiler dengan konsentrasi 3,5% menunjukkan efektivitas anti-aging yang terbaik dengan meningkatnya kelembaban 25,2%, mengurangi pori 22,2%, mengurangi noda 22,9% dan mengurangi keriput 22,3%. Kata Kunci : Ayam broiler, tulang, kolagen, anti-aging, kri