The variation of yield components in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in response to stressful growing conditions of alkaline soil

The paper presents the results of experiments with 11 varieties of wheat grown in alkaline soil stressful conditions. The experiment was set up at the site in the Banat, on the non-ameliorated solonetz soil, as control variante, and with ameliorative measures using phosphogypsum. The phenotypic variability and genotype by environment interaction for the grain number and weight per spike, using AMMI model in three vegetation seasons were studied. The analysis of the results revealed that the tested varieties responded differently to external, stressful conditions and ameliorative measures. Based on the AMMI analysis results the significance of PCA axis was observed

The Impact of Global Changes on the Transformation of Politics, Economy and Education

This study was supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia, and these results are parts of the Grant No. 451-03-68/2022-14/200132 with University of Kragujevac - Faculty of Technical Sciences Čačak.Society faces many challenges in transitioning toward sustainable development, and education is key to make this transition happen. Through education we influence on human consciousness, create their needs and changing behavior. One of most important educational programs is environmental education. It brings motivations, skills, values and commitment that people need to efficiently manage their earth’s resources and take responsibility for maintaining environmental quality and understand the problems they face. The limitation of access to certain resources is getting closer and we need to be aware of those limitations and put those in center of our life and work. The most effective way for doing it is throught environmental education started from earliest age. The limitation of access to certain resources is getting closer, and this fundamentally changes our relationship to economics, politics and ecology. This paper discusses the imperative of action within the limits of the finite world. The paper emphasizes the pressure on natural resources, which means that politics and the economy will have to undergo a radical transformation in order to be suitable not only today, but also in the future.Publishe

Stability of spike weight and grain weight per spike of different wheat genotypes

In this paper, the stability of ten divergent wheat varieties was investigated, where two traits were analyzed: spike weight and grain weight per spike. The trial was conducted on the experimental field of the Center for Small Grains in Kragujevac during three growing seasons. The expressions of the analyzed traits were statistically significant and showed additive and non-additive sources of variation. The AMMI analysis showed significant effect of the genotype x environment interaction, where two main components were significant (PCA1 and PCA2). The first principal component (PCA1) expressed the largest share of the genotype x environment interaction. The genotypes reacted differently to different environmental conditions. Genotype Szegedi 765 had the highest value of analyzed traits, but moderate to low stability. Genotypes Sterna and Gruza expressed the highest stability, while genotype Mironovskaya 808 showed the highest instability in terms of both traits. The investigated genotypes had the highest stability in the second year of investigation, and the lowest stability in the first year. In terms of stability, these genotypes can be used in wheat breeding programs

Varijacija komponenti prinosa hlebne pšenice u stresnim uslovima gajenja na alkalizovanom zemljištu

The paper presents the results of experiments with 11 varieties of wheat grown in alkaline soil stressful conditions. The experiment was set up at the site in the Banat, on the non-ameliorated solonetz soil, as control variante, and with ameliorative measures using phosphogypsum. The phenotypic variability and genotype by environment interaction for the grain number and weight per spike, using AMMI model in three vegetation seasons were studied. The analysis of the results revealed that the tested varieties responded differently to external, stressful conditions and ameliorative measures. Based on the AMMI analysis results the significance of PCA axis was observed.U radu su prikazani rezultati ogleda sa 11 sorti pšenice gajenih u stresnim uslovima, na alkalizovanom zemljištu. Ogled je postavljen na lokalitetu u Banatu, na tlu tipa solonjec, na prirodnom pašnjaku, kao kontrolnoj varijanti i sa merama popravke zemljišta uz primenu fosforgipsa, kao meliorativnog sredstva. Ispitana je fenotipska varijabilnost i interakcija genotip/spoljna sredina za broj i masu zrna po klasu, uz primenu AMMI modela, u tri vegetaciona perioda. Analizom dobijenih rezultata može da se primeti da su ispitane sorte različito reagovale na stresne uslove i na meliorativne mere. Na osnovu rezultata AMMI analize je uočena značajnost izvora varijacije i sorte sa manjom GE interakcijom, kao i one koje su dobro reagovale na meliorativne mere

Varijacija komponenti prinosa hlebne pšenice u stresnim uslovima gajenja na alkalizovanom zemljištu

The paper presents the results of experiments with 11 varieties of wheat grown in alkaline soil stressful conditions. The experiment was set up at the site in the Banat, on the non-ameliorated solonetz soil, as control variante, and with ameliorative measures using phosphogypsum. The phenotypic variability and genotype by environment interaction for the grain number and weight per spike, using AMMI model in three vegetation seasons were studied. The analysis of the results revealed that the tested varieties responded differently to external, stressful conditions and ameliorative measures. Based on the AMMI analysis results the significance of PCA axis was observed.U radu su prikazani rezultati ogleda sa 11 sorti pšenice gajenih u stresnim uslovima, na alkalizovanom zemljištu. Ogled je postavljen na lokalitetu u Banatu, na tlu tipa solonjec, na prirodnom pašnjaku, kao kontrolnoj varijanti i sa merama popravke zemljišta uz primenu fosforgipsa, kao meliorativnog sredstva. Ispitana je fenotipska varijabilnost i interakcija genotip/spoljna sredina za broj i masu zrna po klasu, uz primenu AMMI modela, u tri vegetaciona perioda. Analizom dobijenih rezultata može da se primeti da su ispitane sorte različito reagovale na stresne uslove i na meliorativne mere. Na osnovu rezultata AMMI analize je uočena značajnost izvora varijacije i sorte sa manjom GE interakcijom, kao i one koje su dobro reagovale na meliorativne mere

Variability and path analysis for yield components of different wheat genotypes

The study was carried out to investigate the genotypic and phenotypic variability, heritability and relationship between wheat yield components. A randomized complete block design experiment was conducted, with sixteen wheat genotypes (Dukat, Dunavka, Fundulea 4, Iskra, Jedina, Jugoslavija, Kavkaz, Mačvanka 1, Marija, NS-5804, Pitoma, Poljana, Skopjanka, Tamiš, Vali PKA-7114 and Zvezda), in Novi Bečej (Vojvodina, Serbia), during 2016 and 2017 growing seasons. Grain weight per plant had the highest genotypic and phenotypic variability (15.45 and 20.58%, respectively), while spike length had the lowest ones (5.68 and 6.78%, respectively). High broad sense heritability was observed for plant height (H2=86.19%) and spike length (H2=71.73%). Heritability was low in the case of spike weight (H2=38.82%) and grain weight per spike (H2=26.56%), which indicates that environmental factors had higher impact on expression of these traits in relation to genetic factors. Path analysis revealed that spike weight and spike length had the highest significant direct positive effect on the grain weight per plant, while thousand grain weight had the highest significant negative effect. The grain weight per spike, number of grains per spike and spike length had a significant indirect effect, through spike weight, on grain weight per spike

Variability, correlation, path analysis and stepwise regression for yield components of different wheat genotypes

In order to evaluate the variability and relationship between different wheat yield components, a randomized complete block design experiment with ten genotypes of wheat had been carried out during three growing seasons (2010-2012). The number of spikelet per spike and grain weight per spike had low genotypic and phenotypic variability, while plant height had the highest one. High heritability was observed for plant height (h2=93.1%), spike length (h2=92.3%) and spike density (h2=92.9%). The low heritability was found for grain weight per spike (h2=35.6%). Grain weight per spike was in significant positive genotypic and phenotypic correlation with all the traits (plant height, spike height, number of spikelet per spike, number of grain per spike and spike weight) except spike density. The spike weight had the highest phenotypic (rp=0.988), while number of spikelet per spike had the highest genotypic correlation with grain weight per spike (rg=0.981). Path coefficient analysis revealed that all the traits had highly significant direct effect on grain weight per spike, except spike length. The stepwise regression revealed that 87.1% of the grain weight per spike variation was explained by model which excludes spike length. Spike weight and plant height had the highest shared and unique contribution to grain weight per spike. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. TR 31092

Variability and path analysis for yield components of different wheat genotypes

The study was carried out to investigate the genotypic and phenotypic variability, heritability and relationship between wheat yield components. A randomized complete block design experiment was conducted, with sixteen wheat genotypes (Dukat, Dunavka, Fundulea 4, Iskra, Jedina, Jugoslavija, Kavkaz, Mačvanka 1, Marija, NS-5804, Pitoma, Poljana, Skopjanka, Tamiš, Vali PKA-7114 and Zvezda), in Novi Bečej (Vojvodina, Serbia), during 2016 and 2017 growing seasons. Grain weight per plant had the highest genotypic and phenotypic variability (15.45 and 20.58%, respectively), while spike length had the lowest ones (5.68 and 6.78%, respectively). High broad sense heritability was observed for plant height (H2=86.19%) and spike length (H2=71.73%). Heritability was low in the case of spike weight (H2=38.82%) and grain weight per spike (H2=26.56%), which indicates that environmental factors had higher impact on expression of these traits in relation to genetic factors. Path analysis revealed that spike weight and spike length had the highest significant direct positive effect on the grain weight per plant, while thousand grain weight had the highest significant negative effect. The grain weight per spike, number of grains per spike and spike length had a significant indirect effect, through spike weight, on grain weight per spike

Preparedness and Preventive Behaviors for a Pandemic Disaster Caused by COVID-19 in Serbia

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The disease was first detected in Wuhan, the capital of China’s Hubei province, in December 2019 and has since spread globally, especially to Europe and North America, resulting in the ongoing global coronavirus pandemic disaster of 2019–2020. Although most cases have mild symptoms, there is some progression to viral pneumonia and multi-organ failure and death. More than 4.6 million cases have been registered across 216 countries and territories as of 19 April 2020, resulting in more than 311,000 deaths. Risk to communities with continued widespread disease transmission depends on characteristics of the virus, including how well it spreads between people; the severity of resulting illness; and the medical or other measures available to control the impact of the virus (for example, vaccines or medications that can treat the illness) and the relative success of these. In the absence of vaccines or medications, non-pharmaceutical interventions were the most important response strategy based on community interventions such as person-to-person distancing, mask-wearing, isolation and good personal hygiene (hand-washing)—all of which have been demonstrated can reduce the impact of this seemingly unstoppable globally spreading natural disaster. This paper presents the results of quantitative research regarding the level of citizen preparedness for disasters caused by coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Serbia. The survey was conducted using a questionnaire that was requested and then collected online among 975 respondents during disaster in April 2020. The questionnaire examined citizens’ basic socio-economic and demographic characteristics, their knowledge, preparedness, risk perception and preventive measures taken individually and as a community to prevent the death and widespread transmission of novel coronavirus disease 2019 in the Republic of Serbia. Based on the findings that there are major differences in the public’s perception of risks posed by communicable disease threats such as presented by COVID-19, emergency management agencies should use these differences to develop targeted strategies to enhance community and national preparedness by promoting behavioral change and improving risk management decision-making