Azithromycin resistance in Escherichia coli and Salmonella from food-producing animals and meat in Europe.

OBJECTIVES To characterize the genetic basis of azithromycin resistance in Escherichia coli and Salmonella collected within the EU harmonized antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance programme in 2014-18 and the Danish AMR surveillance programme in 2016-19. METHODS WGS data of 1007 E. coli [165 azithromycin resistant (MIC > 16 mg/L)] and 269 Salmonella [29 azithromycin resistant (MIC > 16 mg/L)] were screened for acquired macrolide resistance genes and mutations in rplDV, 23S rRNA and acrB genes using ResFinder v4.0, AMRFinder Plus and custom scripts. Genotype-phenotype concordance was determined for all isolates. Transferability of mef(C)-mph(G)-carrying plasmids was assessed by conjugation experiments. RESULTS mph(A), mph(B), mef(B), erm(B) and mef(C)-mph(G) were detected in E. coli and Salmonella, whereas erm(C), erm(42), ere(A) and mph(E)-msr(E) were detected in E. coli only. The presence of macrolide resistance genes, alone or in combination, was concordant with the azithromycin-resistant phenotype in 69% of isolates. Distinct mph(A) operon structures were observed in azithromycin-susceptible (n = 50) and -resistant (n = 136) isolates. mef(C)-mph(G) were detected in porcine and bovine E. coli and in porcine Salmonella enterica serovar Derby and Salmonella enterica 1,4, [5],12:i:-, flanked downstream by ISCR2 or TnAs1 and associated with IncIγ and IncFII plasmids. CONCLUSIONS Diverse azithromycin resistance genes were detected in E. coli and Salmonella from food-producing animals and meat in Europe. Azithromycin resistance genes mef(C)-mph(G) and erm(42) appear to be emerging primarily in porcine E. coli isolates. The identification of distinct mph(A) operon structures in susceptible and resistant isolates increases the predictive power of WGS-based methods for in silico detection of azithromycin resistance in Enterobacterales

Literary Journalism across the Globe Journalistic Traditions and Transnational Influences

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Part I: Toward a Theory of International Literary Journalism -- Chapter 1. Literary Reportage: The "Other" Literary Journalism -- Chapter 2. Reportage in the U.K.: A Hidden Genre? -- Chapter 3. The Edge of Canadian Literary Journalism: The West Coast's Restless Search for Meaning versus Central Canada's Chronicles of the Rich and Powerful -- Chapter 4. The Counter-Coriolis Effect: Contemporary Literary Journalism in a Shrinking World -- Chapter 5. The Evolutionary Future of American and International Literary Journalism -- Part II: Jurnalistic Traditions -- Chapter 6. Dutch Literary Journalism: From Pamphlet to Newspaper (ca. 1600-1900) -- Chapter 7. Literary Journalism's Magnetic Pull: Britain's "New" Journalism and the Portuguese at the Fin-de-Siècle -- Chapter 8. Literary Journalism in Spain: Past, Present (and Future?) -- Chapter 9. Social Movements and Chinese Literary Reportage -- Chapter 10. A Century of Nonfiction Solitude: A Survey of Brazilian Literary Journalism -- Chapter 11. Literary Journalism in Twentieth-Century Finland -- Part III: Transnational Influences -- Chapter 12. Riding the Rails with Robin Hyde: Literary Journalism in 1930s New Zealand -- Chapter 13. James Agee's "Continual Awareness," Untold Stories: "Saratoga Springs" and "Havana Cruise" -- Chapter 14. Željko Kozinc, the Subversive Reporter: Literary Journalismin Slovenia -- Chapter 15. Creditable or Reprehensible? The Literary Journalism of Helen Garner -- Chapter 16. Ryszard Kapuściński and the Borders of Documentarism: Toward Exposure without Assumption -- Contributors -- Index -- Back CoverDescription based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries