Comparison effect of pulse-power generated electromagnetic field on the growth rate of green soybean

This research is to investigate and make preliminary comparison on the effect 50 Hz sine waveform of pulsed magnetic field on the growth rate of green soybean with a variety of magnetic field values (600 mG, 100 mG, 70 mG, 20 mG, 8 mG and 3 mG). A circuit consisting of excitation ferrite-core coil, diode, power MOSFET, resistor, function generator and power supply has been designed and developed to generate pulse magnetic field. It has the ability to produce a stable value of magnetic field operating at a frequency of 50 Hz. Selected green soybean seeds were exposed to three types of waveforms, namely sine wave, square wave and sawtooth wave at 50 Hz. In the experiment, 400 seeds of green soybean arranged in a straight line were exposed to magnetic field in the range of 3 to 600 mG. Values of the magnetic field have been determined by the distance between source (excitation ferrite-core coil) and subject (green soybean). The experiment was conducted for a duration of seven days and samples were taken randomly. The experiment was conducted into two different parts: in the first three days the experiment was conducted in the dark and second four successive day of experiment was conducted under daylight. The results of sine wave show that six magnetic field values at root inhibit the germination rate while six magnetic field values at hypocotyls part has sped up growth rate. Moreover, growth rate at leaf part has been sped up but only for 70 mG magnetic field. In the sawtooth experiment, only three magnetic values (20 mG, 8 mG and 3 mG) show speed up progress on growth rate, while others show the sign of decreasing germination and growth rates for root and leaf part. Lastly, for the square wave, all the seeds were exposed to six different magnetic field values (600 mG, 100 mG, 70 mG, 20 mG, 8 mG and 3 mG) and the result show that the germination and growth rates for root, hypocotyls and leaf were inhibited. As a conclusion, the most pronounce effect of different waveform was sine waveform that affect to speed up the growth rate of hypocotyls and leaf

Study of electric field an magnetic field affected biological cells

This paper presents the elaboration on effect of electric field and magnetic field to biological cells. Electroporation has become important parameter in treatment cancer or tumour cells. By using electric field or magnetic field, membrane cell will undergo process electroporation where membrane cell structures being altered for induce apoptosis process

Application study on bubble detection in a metallic bubble column using electrical resistance tomography

Electrical resistance tomography (ERT) has been chosen as the field of study because of its advantages of being low cost, suitable for various kinds and sizes of pipes and vessels, having no radiation hazard, and being non-intrusive. In the development of ERT systems for metallic bubble column, prior knowledge of the fundamental process of the ERT system whilst improving the design and operation of the process equipment is essential. The fabricated electrodes need to be electrically insulated from the metal wall. Besides that, conducting boundary strategy is implemented to overcome the grounding effect of the metallic vesse

Simulation study on non-homogenous system of non-invasive ERT using comsol multiphysics

The non-invasive sensing technique is one of the favourite sensing techniques applied in the process tomography because it has not a direct contact with the medium of interest. The objective of this paper is to analyse the simulation of the non-homogenous system of the non-invasive ERT using finite element software; COMSOL Multiphysics. In this simulation, the liquid-air medium is chosen as the non-homogenous system. A different analysis of the non-homogenous system in term of the different position of the single air, different size of the single air and the multiple air inside the vessel were investigated in this paper. As a result, the location, size and multiple air inside the pipe will influence the output of the non-invasive ERT system. A liquid-gas medium of nonhomogenous ERT system will have a good response if the air is located near the source, the size of the air is large enough and it has multiple air locations inside the pipe

Comparison between two different types of microcontroller in developing optical tomography controller unit

This paper describes the comparisons on the usage of different PIC microcontroller towards the development of optical tomography controller for fan beam projection. The advantage and disadvantage for each PIC towards the development of tomography sensors is discussed. The transmission and receiving conditioning circuit integrate with PIC is presented and explained. This paper is vital for further development of optical tomography system as a whole syste

Octagon modelling using parallel projection of optical tomography

This paper presents a hardware design, arrangement and measurement for optical tomography where optical tomography uses light sources as the transmitter and photodiodes as the receiver. By using parallel projection for 44 laser transmitters and photodiode receivers at the cross-sectional boundary, the existence of bubbles inside a vertical column pipeline is determined. Octagon modelling with an eight-sided jig is used for projection and the measurement method for this research is shown. An offline technique is used to collect readings from each signal and the image is reconstructed from the data received

Hardware design of laser optical tomography system for detection of bubbles column

This paper presents a hardware design and optical tomography application for fast cross sectional detection of single or two phase flows in pipes or bubble columns. Sixteen laser pointer transmitters and photodiode receivers are arranged at the object cross sectional boundary to detect the existence of bubbles inside a vertical column pipeline. A valve is installed at the bottom of the pipe to produce the source of bubbles. Due to the simple operation, good heat transfer and mass transfer of bubble columns, they can be applied in a wide range of applications in the chemical process industry. The size of the bubbles produced was estimated to be between 5 mm and 20 mm in diameter. The voltage drop at the sensor directly shows the existence of bubbles between the transmitter and receiver

Measurement of the content of water using light penetration

In this paper we use an electronic component to produce light which is applied in testing soft tissue penetration. We used bio tissue, a slice of apple, and non-bio tissue, paper. The voltage could be adjusted to brighten the light to view the penetration of the subject. The thickness of the tissue was constant and the results showed that the current and voltage were significant as the light penetrated the soft tissue

Simulation Study On Non-Homogenous System Of Non-Invasive Ert Using Comsol Multiphysics

The non-invasive sensing technique is one of the favourite sensing techniques applied in the process tomography because it has not a direct contact with the medium of interest. The objective of this paper is to analyse the simulation of the non-homogenous system of the non-invasive ERT using finite element software; COMSOL Multiphysics. In this simulation, the liquid-air medium is chosen as the non-homogenous system. A different analysis of the non-homogenous system in term of the different position of the single air, different size of the single air and the multiple air inside the vessel were investigated in this paper. As a result, the location, size and multiple air inside the pipe will influence the output of the non-invasive ERT system. A liquid-gas medium of non-homogenous ERT system will have a good response if the air is located near the source, the size of the air is large enough and it has multiple air locations inside the pipe