Ethnic Minority Education in Myanmar

This observe explores ethnic minority education in Myanmar through a quantitative evaluation of demographic traits, academic overall performance, get entry to to instructional sources, and perceptions of the getting to know surroundings amongst three hundred participants. The findings reveal a balanced gender distribution and variations in ethnic illustration, emphasizing the want for focused interventions. Despite stereotypes, the moderately excessive imply GPA underscores educational achievements among ethnic minority students. Positive perceptions of library availability advise a robust basis, while demanding situations in computer get entry to factor to areas for development. The take a look at highlights the significance of fostering inclusive and culturally responsive mastering environments to address nuanced perspectives. As Myanmar ambitions for national harmony and sustainable improvement, those findings make a contribution to shaping rules and interventions for an equitable schooling device that embraces the wealthy diversity of its ethnic minority students

Learning Management System Arrangement on Virtualization Server at UCS, Kalay

presents how to consolidate and implement Learning Management System (LMS) serve

Studies on Physicochemical Properties and Elemental Analysis of Citron and Pomelo Fruits Peels Pectins

This research work is aimed to study the physicochemical properties and elemental analysis of citron and pomelo fruits peels pectins which have been extracted. In the present work, determination of some physicochemical parameters such as color, moisture content, ash content, setting time, equivalent weight, methoxyl content, anhydrouronic acid (AUA), degree of esterification (DE), molecular weight and elemental analysis of the prepared pectins have been performed. The color of citron peel pectin and pomelo peels pectins were determined by eye test. Moisture contents were determined by oven drying method, ash contents were determined by the method used in the food analysis, setting times were determined by a simple method of Owens, equivalent weights, methoxyl contents, anhydrouronic acids (AUA) and degree of esterifications (DE) were determined by titrimetric method, molecular weights were determined by viscometric method and elemental analysis were determined by Energy Disperse X-ray Fluoresce (ED XRF) analysis. Physicochemical properties of the citron and pomelo peels pectins were found to be white-yellow and brown-yellow colors, 7.96% and 2.15 % of moisture contents, 1.07 % and 5.72 % of ash contents, 5 minutes and 12 minutes of  setting times, 2380 and 2500 of equivalent weights, 1.86 % and 2.29 % of methoxyl contents, 17.95 % and 20.06 % of anhydrouraonic acid contents and 58.83 % and 64.92 % of degree of estrifications and 6.61´ 104and 5.62 × 104 Da of molecular weights respectively. In the citron pectin, the relative abundance of Ca, K, Fe, Cu, Sr 20.06 % of anhydrouraonic acid contents and 58.83 % and 64.92 % of degree of estrifications and 6.61´ 104and 5.62 × 104 Da of molecular weights respectively. In the citron pectin, the relative abundance of Ca, K, Fe, Cu, Sr and Zn has been found to be 61.87 %, 22.67 %, 7.94 %, 3.11 %, 2.29 % and 2.13%, respectively (determined by ED XRF technique). Whereas in the pomelo pectin, the relative abundance of Ca, K, Fe, Cu, Sr and Zn has been found to be 66.32 % 11.82 %, 11.73 %, 2.75 %, 2.32 % and 5.06 %, respectively

Spatial distribution, work patterns, and perception towards malaria interventions among temporary mobile/migrant workers in artemisinin resistance containment zone

BACKGROUND: Mobile populations are at a high risk of malaria infection and suspected to carry and spread resistant parasites. The Myanmar National Malaria Control Programme focuses on preventive interventions and vector control measures for the temporary mobile/migrant workers in Myanmar Artemisinin Resistance Containment Zones. METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in 2012 in Kawthaung and Bokepyin townships of Tanintharyi Region, Myanmar, covering 192 mobile/migrant aggregates. The objectives were to identify the spatial distribution of the mobile/migrant populations, and to assess knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and practices concerning malaria prevention and control, and their preferred methods of interventions. The structure of the192 migrant aggregates was investigated using a migrant mapping tool. Individual and household information was collected by structured interviews of 408 respondents from 39 aggregates, supplemented by 12 in-depth interviews of health care providers, authorities, volunteers, and employers. Data were analyzed by triangulating quantitative and qualitative data. RESULTS: The primary reasons for the limitation in access to formal health services for suspected malaria within 24 hours were identified to be scattered distribution of migrant aggregates, variable working hours and the lack of transportation. Only 19.6% of respondents reported working at night from dusk to dawn. Among study populations, 73% reported a perceived risk of contracting malaria and 60% reported to know how to confirm a suspected case of malaria. Moreover, only 15% was able to cite correct antimalarial drugs, and less than 10% believed that non-compliance with antimalarial treatment may be related to the risk of drug resistance. About 50% of study population reported to seeking health care from the public sector, and to sleep under ITNs/LLINs the night before the survey. There was a gap in willingness to buy ITNs/LLINs and affordability (88.5% vs. 60.2%) which may affect their sustained and consistent use. Only 32.4% across all aggregates realized the importance of community participation in effective malaria prevention and control. CONCLUSIONS: Community-based innovative approaches through strong collaboration and coordination of multi-stakeholders are desirable for relaying information on ITNs/LLINs, rapid diagnostic test, and artemisinin combination therapy and drug resistance successfully across the social and economic diversity of mobile/migrant aggregates in Myanmar

Characterization and some Bioactivities of the Synthesized Citrus Pectin-ZnO Nanocomposites from Citron and Pomelo Fruits Peels

Pectin was extracted from the peels of citrus fruits (Citron: Citrus medica L. and Pomelo: Citrus maxima Merr.). In the extraction of fresh and dry pectin, acidic hydrolysis of the fresh or dry fruit peel samples was carried out followed by precipitation with ethanol. The yield percents of extracted pectins were 4.53 % (based on fresh peel) and 21.41 % (based on dried peel) from citron peels, and 3.03 % (based on fresh peel) and 9.18 % (based on dried peel) from pomelo peels. Extracted pectins were characterized by XRD, SEM, FT IR and TG-DTA analysis. The citrus pectin–ZnO nanocomposites were prepared by using co-precipitation method. Citron peel pectin-ZnO (CPPT-ZnO) nanocomposite (90.25 % yield) and pomelo peel pectin-ZnO (PPPT-ZnO) nanocomposite (64.95 % yield ) were prepared by using zinc nitrate and 0.2 M sodium hydroxide solution at 28 ± 0.5 oC. The stirring time require for CPPT-ZnO was found to be 1.5 h and that required for PPPT-ZnO was 2h.  The characteristics of the prepared citrus pectin-ZnO nanocomposites were studied by XRD, SEM, FT IR, TG-DTA, AAS and ED XRF (with C-H balance) spectroscopic methods.  The crystallite sizes of CPPT-ZnO and PPPT-ZnO were 32.30 nm and 24.46 nm determined by XRD analysis.The morphological observation of the SEM results revealed that the sizes of ZnO in CPPT-ZnO and PPPT-ZnO were 70.59 nm and 61.55 nm, and were embedded in the pectin matrix. AAS analyses showed that the zinc ion concentrations in CPPT-ZnO and PPPT-ZnO prepared at 28 ± 0.5 oC were 3.88 × 105 ppm and 5.27 × 105 ppm. Both of the tested samples (CPPT-ZnO and PPPT-ZnO) were observed to show antimicrobial activity with inhibition zone diameters ranged between 15 mm to 20 mm against two tested microorganisms such as Bacillus substilis and Staphylococcus aureus and only CPPT-ZnO aginsted Escherichia coli with inhibition zone diameters of 12 mm. Although both nanocomposites were active in tumor inhibitions, only the CPPT-ZnO was taken as positive in tumor inhibitions which shows inhibition percents 37.09 % (» 20%)

The Incidence of Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancers in Betel Quid-Chewing Populations in South Myanmar Rural Areas

Oral cancer is a very common disease in South and Southeast Asia. Betel quid (BQ)- chewing and tobaccosmoking habits are etiological factors for oral cancer patients in these regions. We conducted an oral cancer screening in BQ-chewing endemic rural areas in South Myanmar for the early detection of oral cancer in BQ-chewing and smoking individuals. We examined 105 subjects who were at high risk of oral cancer due to their oral habits (BQ users and/or smokers). Three carcinoma cases were detected, and there were 8 dysplasia cases. The carcinoma detection rate was 2.9%, and the carcinoma and precancerous lesion detection rate was 10.5%. In Myanmar, oral cancer screening has been conducted sporadically on a voluntary basis, and nationwide surveys have never been performed. There are also few reports of oral cancer screening for high-risk groups among the general population in Myanmar. Our present findings highlight the need for further screening and surveys. Education on betel quid chewing- and tobacco- related oral diseases and screening for the early detection of oral cancer are of the utmost importance in the control and prevention of oral cancer

Design and implementation of 2kHz inverter for induction hardening machine

Induction hardening machine is to change the structure of chemical and physical properties of materials, usually metals, in order to improve their properties in relation to a particular application. This machine is based on the high frequency induction heating, electrical and electronic technologies. The use of electronic controls in induction hardening machine is a new area industrial electronics. From the electronic point of view, induction hardening machines lire composed of rectifier, inverter and protection system. In this project, SCRs are selected as electronic switching devices for inverter circuits. By controlling the SCR s, the desired high frequency and power to harden the materials can be obtained. This paper concentrates on designing and implementing of medium frequency inverter circuit for induction hardening machine aiming to be a good local product considerably comparable with foreign counter-parts in terms of cost. Design has been approached by surveying the induction hardening machines installed at No.4 Farm machinery industry, Kyaikkalo in Yangon and theoretical concepts lire described in detail in this paper

Mining Multilevel Association Rulesbased on Boolean Matrix for Food Sales shop

The rapid growth in data and the number of database,there is a need for discovering valuable knowledge in large database which havebusiness data. Today, many companies which are to gain profit from their previousbusiness data are becoming interested to analysis their data for discovering usefulinformation. Because this information can support business decision making andbenefit of organizations. Data mining is approach to fill these requirements and isa machine learning technique on large data items. Association rule mining is oneof the data mining techniques. This paper discuss the multilevel assocaition rulemining from business transcation data and the Boolean Matrix based approachwhich has employed to discover frequent itemsets at different levels. The systemscans the transcation database once and then uses Boolean logical operation togenerate the multilevel association rules. The system implements the applicationwith real-life food products of Food sales Shop

Spam Filtering System using Case -Based Reasoning Approach

As the vast increases of the electronic mail (email) usages continue, spam (unsolicited bulk mail) has continued to grow because of it is a very inexpensive method of advertising. These unwanted emails can cause serious problem by filling up the email box and thereby leaving no space for ham (legitimate email) to pass through. Case- based filter can adapt to filter new spam by adding new spam case to the case base. Thus, case-based spam filters are suitable for spam filtering because of the dynamic nature of spam. In this paper, a spam filtering system is implemented by using case-based reasoning approach. K-nearest neighbor algorithm is used as case retrieval and case adaption. Edited nearest neighbor rule is used as case maintenance