Crystallisation route map

A route map for the assessment of crystallisation processes is presented. A theoretical background on solubility, meta-stable zone width, nucleation and crystal growth kinetics is presented with practical examples. The concepts of crystallisation hydrodynamics and the application of population balances and computational fluid dynamics for modelling crystallisation processes and their scaling up are also covered

Adaptation in multisensory neurons: Impact on cross-modal enhancement

Adaptation is a ubiquitous property of sensory neurons. Multisensory neurons, receiving convergent input from different sensory modalities, also likely exhibit adaptation. The responses of multisensory superior colliculus neurons have been extensively studied, but the impact of adaptation on these responses has not been examined. Multisensory neurons in the superior colliculus exhibit cross-modal enhancement, an often non-linear and nonadditive increase in response when a stimulus in one modality is paired with a stimulus in a different modality. We examine the possible impact of adaptation on cross-modal enhancement within the framework of a simple model of adaptation for a neuron employing a saturating, logistic response function. We consider how adaptation to an input's mean and standard deviation affects cross-modal enhancement, and also how the statistical correlations between two different modalities influence cross-modal enhancement. We determine the optimal bimodal stimuli to present a bimodal neuron that evoke the largest changes in cross-modal enhancement under adaptation to input statistics. The model requires separate gains for each modality, unless the statistics specific to each modality have been standardised by prior adaptation in earlier, unisensory neurons. The model also predicts that increasing the correlation coefficient between two modalities reduces a multisensory neuron's overall gain

Year in Review in Intensive Care Medicine, 2006. III. Circulation, ethics, cancer, outcome, education, nutrition, and pediatric and neonatal critical care

SCOPUS: re.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe