Economization of spatial planning. The case of Poland’s Spatial Development Concept

At the regional (subnational) level spatial planning has remained firm mainly in its land use aspects. Despite of pretty advanced legislation in Poland requiring each self-government region to prepare spatial planning outlines based on regional-socio economic strategies (both of indicative nature) the regional governments have gradually moved (in terms of human resources, interest of regional politicians) from think-tank (strategy making) position to bodies managing structural funds for given territories. More efficient communication of spatial planning messages, making spatial planning concepts better understood by those who shape the space by their routine decisions is only the first step towards combating the so-called stalemate of spatial planning. Despite of being very interdisciplinary spatial planning must become more opened to the co-operation and use the results from different fields of science.regional policy, spatial development, Poland

Economic Debate On Spatial Functional Linkages And Its Application to Key Spatial Development Challanges In Poland

This article presents a synthesis of today's world economic knowledge and the results of the analyses concerning: a) the nature of spatial functional linkages, including network structures, b) diversity of approaches concerning the application of spatial structures in the policies of encouraging the macro-level economic development of territorial units. This debate has been applied for discussing concrete dilemmas of spatial development of Poland i.e. the concept of polycentric metropolis. Such metropolis is a key part of the spatial development strategy for Poland i.e. Concept of National Spatial Development drawn up in 2008-2011 defining the objectives and priorities of the national spatial policy until 2030. Moreover, the article points to issues that require further research and deep analyses.spatial concentration, agglomeration patterns, spatial development, spatial policy

A new paradigm of the EU regional development in the context of the Poland’s National Spatial Development Concept

New factors inspiring spatial and regional policies in Poland have come out in the recent years. They complement the traditional, hardly spatial, paradigm of the socio-economic development with the concept of place-based economics. The paradigm shift was possible largely thanks to the contributions and inspiration from World Bank as well as the OECD. Additionally, new economic geography has contributed to that. New economic geography underlines the importance of space and its management for the enhancement of growth and development as well as for the formation of economic profiles of the regions or countries. In the EU member states the process has been facilitated by the entering into force of the Reformed Treaty (known as the Lisbon Treaty) which complements the social and economic cohesion with a new dimension of the territorial cohesion. A better understanding of the condition and tendencies of spatial development of Europe has been also possible thanks to the ESPON efforts. Theyregional policy, structural policy, spatial development

Applying conclusions of the new economic geography for supporting elaboration of the spatial development strategies in the Baltic Sea Region

Spatial development policies are frequently elaborated without sufficient economics concern. This paper aims at testing possibilities opened by concepts of the “new economic geography” to verify assumptions of decision makers from the Baltic Sea Region (BSR) countries on the negative impacts of the still existing transport barriers on regional (i.e. Baltic) integration and cohesion. For that purpose the analysis of relative concentration of the employment in regional and sector disaggregation. has been used. The research has shown how great the difficulties, piling up before an economist willing to examine issues of spatial development in the setting of pan-European regions are. Therefore it was hardly possible to reject the hypotheses on positive influence of development of transport infrastructure on regional integration and cohesion in the BSR.absolute concentration, entropy indices of concentration, Gini coefficients of concentration, new economic geography, relative concentration

Wpływ nowych mediów na zachowanie klientów na rynku

The aim of the research, the results of which are presented in this paper, was to determine factors responsible for the effective employment of new media in the process of making purchasing decisions. The article consists of two parts. The first one presents a review of the literature on the subject, the scope of which comprises the issues concerning the employment of new technologies – new media – in building relationships with customers in individual marketing (B2C). The second part contains the results of the research demonstrating the impact of advertisements appearing through new media on purchasing decisions of customers of B2C market.Celem badań, których wyniki przedstawione zostały w pracy było określenie jaki wpływ ma rodzaj wykorzystanych nowych mediów na proces podejmowania decyzji zakupowych konsumentów na Śląsku. Artykuł składa się z dwóch części, w pierwszej przybliżono zagadnienia dotyczące wykorzystania nowych mediów w budowaniu relacji z klientami na rynku klienta indywidualnego (B2C). Druga część zawiera wyniki badań dotyczących wpływu reklamy pojawiającej się za pośrednictwem nowych mediów na decyzje zakupowe klientów rynku B2

What is the philosophy of education needed in the XXI century?

The last decades have witnessed constant changes andrefor ms in education in many countries. The paradox of these changes is that they require further changes and transformations and further reforms. Education systems do not correlate with the needs of humanity in the 21st century, nor with the emerging new world view. This article aims to examine education from the global  of the world of digitization in which we live and to find an answer to the question what is the purpose of education in the 21st century. From the analyses of different pedagogicaltre nds and philosophical assumptions underlying them, a conclusion will be drawn about the need for a philosophy open to new challenges in today’s educational reality in order to achieve this goal. This article will addresskey issues of the VUCA world concerning education such as digitization, educate to the unknown, the phenomenon of global teenagers and the development of robotics.The last decades have witnessed constant changes andrefor ms in education in many countries. The paradox of these changes is that they require further changes and transformations and further reforms. Education systems do not correlate with the needs of humanity in the 21st century, nor with the emerging new world view. This article aims to examine education from the global  of the world of digitization in which we live and to find an answer to the question what is the purpose of education in the 21st century. From the analyses of different pedagogicaltre nds and philosophical assumptions underlying them, a conclusion will be drawn about the need for a philosophy open to new challenges in today’s educational reality in order to achieve this goal. This article will addresskey issues of the VUCA world concerning education such as digitization, educate to the unknown, the phenomenon of global teenagers and the development of robotics

Utility of Chedoke arm hand activity inventory in the Indian population: mixed method research sequential explanatory

Background: One of the most common manifestations of stroke is hand function affectation. This can have a negative impact on daily, social and leisure activities. A formal evaluation protocol will be able to identify specific needs of a patient. The objective was to find out the stability of the Chedoke arm hand activity inventory in sub-acute and chronic stroke patients in India Method.Methods: This was an observational study with sample size 29 and the sampling was convenience sampling. Participant criteria were sub-acute and chronic stroke patients, male and female, patients who follow commands, stable vitals, CMSA score of hand and leg function with stage 3, foot with stage 2, postural control with 6 or 7 and ability to walk 25 meters indoor. Recurrent stroke and hand dysfunction due to any reason other than stroke were excluded. Twenty-nine stroke patients, sub-acute and chronic where CMSA score taken prior to administration of CAHAI. A score of 1-7 for each task in CAHAI 13, total score of minimum 13 and maximum 91 with other considerations where “unsafe for the patient” was considered as score 1. Data analysis were done using SPSS version 22.0 and Pearson’s correlation coefficient.Results: A total of 29 participants included where the test retest reliability was r=0.98 with significance <0.001.Conclusions: CAHAI found to be a highly reliable outcome measure

Resurrecting the Dead (Molecules)

Biological molecules, like organisms themselves, are subject to genetic drift and may even become “extinct”. Molecules that are no longer extant in living systems are of high interest for several reasons including insight into how existing life forms evolved and the possibility that they may have new and useful properties no longer available in currently functioning molecules. Predicting the sequence/structure of such molecules and synthesizing them so that their properties can be tested is the basis of “molecular resurrection” and may lead not only to a deeper understanding of evolution, but also to the production of artificial proteins with novel properties and even to insight into how life itself began

Multidisciplinary treatment of pain caused by bone metastases in cancer patients: two case reports

Over 50% patients with malignant neoplasms suffer pain. In Poland, about 200,000 people annually have to contend with this problem. It can arise from the prolonged lifespan of cancer patients, the development of iatrogenic pain syndromes, pain associated with cancer cachexia, or decreased efficacy of analgesics due to induced opioid tolerance. The commonly used term “cancer pain” actually refers to all types of pain. In order that each patient is optimally treated, it is necessary to identify the type and cause of their pain. One of the more difficult types of pain to treat is that due to bone metastases; with its inflammatory and neuropathic components. Every patient has the right to proper pain treatment, with the goal of achieving the maximum analgesic effect while minimizing any side effects.