8 research outputs found
From littĂ©rature engagĂ©e to engaged translation : staging Jean-Paul Sartreâs theatre as a challenge to Francoâs rule in Spain
The practice of creating translations that ârouse, inspire, witness, mobilize, and incite to rebellionâ is described by Maria Tymoczko, following Jean-Paul Sartre's littĂ©rature engagĂ©e, as âengaged translationâ. In Spain, under the Franco dictatorship (1939â1975), the theatre became a site of opposition to his rule and the creation of âengagedâ translations of foreign plays was one of the ways in which alternative social and political realities were transmitted to local audiences. This was particularly evident during the so-called apertura period (1962â1969), when Spain's political leaders embraced more liberal and outward-facing cultural policies as part of their efforts to ensure the regime's continuity. Drawing on archival evidence from the state censorship files held at Archivo General de la AdministraciĂłn (AGA) in AlcalĂĄ de Henares, this article considers how âengagedâ translations of Sartre's theatre were employed as instruments of cultural opposition to the Spanish dictatorship. It also argues that an analysis of the files both helps us to understand the role of censorship in shaping an official version of the past, and shines a light on the memory of a little-studied aspect of cultural activism in the Spanish theatre.PostprintPeer reviewe
Revisiting âplaceâ in a realist novel: âThinking spaceâ in GaldĂłsâs Torquemada en la hoguera (1889)
Departing from the premise that GaldĂłsâs close engagement with space and place deserves to be at the forefront of scholarly attention, this article provides an in-depth study of their significance in Torquemada en la hoguera. It begins by analysing the relationship between the novelâs locations and the real world, demonstrating that the author codes the city of Madrid to express social concerns and promote reader engagement. It then proceeds to examine the public and private spheres, before highlighting the âplace of the imaginationâ in the novel. It reveals that, as in GaldĂłsâs press articles, reality is used as a springboard in Torquemada en la hoguera and, drawing upon recent theories, it posits that places serve as a framework for engaging readers with contemporary concerns and as an imaginative springboard for GaldĂłs. They trigger what is effectively a âthinking spaceâ for the author and it is through unravelling their significance that we can fully appreciate GaldĂłsâs psychological sensitivity, the novelâs modernity, its symbolic value, and imaginative depth. The article concludes by proposing that GaldĂłsâs works deserve to be re-examined as âNovels of the Geographical Imaginationâ and urges readers to revisit the significance of space and place therein