Trends and features of the informatization of higher education modern stage

Problem statement. Nowadays, people are increasingly talking not about the progressive development of higher education in the context of the use of digital technologies, but about its more drastic digital transformation. The problem of identifying and systematizing patterns characterizing the development of universities in the context of the mass introduction of new digital technologies, as well as changes in external influences on student training systems, is urgent. The solution of this problem is significant for determining further scientific and pedagogical research, as well as ways to develop teacher training systems. The purpose of the study is to identify on the basis of domestic and foreign analytical data (OECD, UNESCO and others) directions, characteristics, problems and prospects of informatization of higher education. Methodology. The analysis of scientific publications on the development of didactics and the use of modern teaching tools in universities is based on the study of the species composition and specifics of existing digital resources, the use of mathematical methods for processing numerical data and technologies for their visualization. Results. It is shown that modern informatization of higher education is characterized by the spread of online courses, collections of digital resources, a decrease in the number of computer equipment in universities, the penetration of technologies of the new industrial revolution and many other factors. The development of a fundamental component of higher education that is invariant with respect to the development of technologies, the preparation of students for the use of promising technologies in professional activities, the pooling of resources into a single digital educational environment are significant. Conclusion. Research should be continued to ensure and evaluate the quality of all types of learning tools, to identify theoretical and practical approaches to the integration and unification of disparate information systems. There is a need for a scientifically based substantive and methodological update of the systems of training and retraining of all specialists working in the conditions of digital transformation of higher education

What is the role of profibrogenic and proinflammatory factors in developing atrial fibrillation associated with metabolic syndrome components?

Aim. To determine the concentration of blood fibrotic and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) associated with metabolic syndrome (MS) components.Material and methods. The study included 646 patients aged 35-65 years: patients with AF and MS (n=142), those with AF and without MS (n=113), those with MS and without AF (n=175) and the control group consisted of healthy subjects without cardiovascular and metabolic diseases (n=107). All participants underwent anthropometric and laboratory investigations. Profibrogenic (aldosterone, galectin-3, TGF-beta1, CTGF) and proinflammatory (CT-1, IL-6) factors were determined in serum and plasma by ELISA. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics software (version 22.0).Results. The highest concentrations of fibrotic and inflammatory biomarkers were found in patients with AF in combination with MS. In MS patients without AF, the concentration of aldosterone, galectin-3, TGF-beta1, CTGF, CT-1, and IL-6 was also higher than in healthy subjects. The levels of aldosterone, CT-1 and IL-6 in patients with AF were higher in the presence of three or more MS components, while the highest values of these parameters were found in patients with five MS components. The lowest concentrations of galectin-3, CTGF, and CT-1 in patients with AF were found in patients without MS components, and in the presence of even 1 MS component, they were significantly higher. Correlation analysis made it possible to establish a stronger relationship between aldosterone and TGF-betal with systolic blood pressure (p=0,493, p<O,O001 and p=0,530, p<O,O001), and CT-1, CTGF and IL-6 in a greater degree correlated with waist circumference (p=0,563, p<0,0001; p=0,626, p<0,0001; p=0,480, p<O,O001). The concentrations of galectin-3 and CTGF were more positively correlated with an increase in the number of MS components. In patients with AF and hypertension (HTN), but without abdominal obesity (AO), higher values of aldosterone (108,1±70,3 pg/ml and 89,3±32,2 pg/ml, p=0,003) and TGF-beta1 (3680,1±1863,3 pg/ml and 1968,1±1611,5 pg/ml, p=0,015) in serum than in AF patients without HTN and without AO. In the group of patients with AF and AO, but without HTN, higher concentrations of IL-6 (2,9±0,7 pg/ml and 1,9±0,6 pg/ml, p=0,001) and CTGF (162,9±92,2 pg/ml and 116,3±63,4 pg/ml, p=0,0001).Conclusion. It can be assumed that hypertension through the aldosterone system and TGF-beta1, as well as abdominal obesity through the cytokine system CT-1 and IL-6 activate various mechanisms and pathways for myocardial remodeling. Integral molecules galectin-3 and CTGF mediate their interactions, in particular in patients with a combination of several MS components and contribute to a higher AF risk

Predictors of atrial fibrillation recurrence in patients with metabolic syndrome after pulmonary vein isolation

Aim. To determine the role of biomarkers in predicting atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence within 12 months after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS).Material and methods. The study included 245 patients with AF aged 35 to 65 years: patients without MS components (n=32), with 1-2 MS components (n=62) and patients with 3 or more MS components (n=153). All patients underwent a comprehensive clinical and anamnestic, anthropometric, laboratory and echocardiographic examinations. The prospective follow-up for 12 months included 135 patients with AF who underwent RFA.Results. It was found that the presence of 3 or more MS components increased the risk of AF recurrence by 4,1 times within 12 months after RFA (relative risk (RR) =4,1, 95% CI 2,19-7,65, p<0,0001). According to binomial logistic regression, epicardial fat thickness (EFT) (OR =3,71, 95% CI 2,12-6,73, p=0,00001), the severity of left atrial fibrosis (OR =1,48, 95% CI 1,03-1,78, p=0,0006), concentrations of galectin-3 (OR =1,31, 95% CI 1,12-1,51, p=0,0001) and GDF-15 (OR =1,11, 95% CI 1,02-1,18, p=0,0002) in patients with AF and MS increase the risk of AF recurrence after RFA. For galectin-3, GDF-15, and EFT, using ROC analysis, the following threshold values were established, the excess of which had the greatest effect on the risk of AF recurrence after RFA in patients with MS: galectin-3 >11,0 ng/ml (RR =3,43, 95% CI 1,79-6,58, p=0,0001), GDF-15 >1380,7 pg/ml (RR =2,84, 95% CI 1,81-4,46, p<0,0001) and EFT >6,4 mm (RR =4,50, 95% CI 2,32-8,71, p<0,0001). In patients with excess of all three biomarker thresholds, the total risk of AF recurrence in patients with MS within 12 months after RFA increases by 3,2 times (RR =3,16, 95% CI 1,97-5,11, p<0,00001).Conclusion. The risk of AF recurrence within 12 months after RFA in patients with three or more MS components is higher than in patients with 1-2 MS components. An increase in the blood concentration of profibrogenic biomarkers galectin-3, GDF-15 and an increase in the thickness of epicardial adipose tissue is associated with an increased risk of AF recurrence in patients with MS, and these biomarkers are likely to play a significant role in predicting recurrent episodes of AF after RFA

Rare case of mixopapillary ependimoma of subcutane localization

The article presents a rare clinical case of mixopapillary ependymomas of subcutaneous localization in a 16-year-old child.В статье приведен редкий клинический случай миксопапиллярной эпендимомы подкожной локализации у ребёнка 16 лет

Molecular mechanisms of left atrial fibrosis development in patients with atrial fibrillation and metabolic syndrome: what biomarkers should be used in clinical practice?

Aim. To determine the blood concentration of fibrosis biomarkers in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) in combination with metabolic syndrome (MS) and to analyze the relationship with myocardial fibrosis.Material and methods. This cross-sectional case-control study included 547 patients aged 35 to 65 years: experimental group — patients with MS (n=373), of which 202 patients had AF; comparison group — AF patients without MS (n=110); healthy subjects without cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders (n=64). Patients with AF and MS who underwent electroanatomic mapping before pulmonary vein isolation (n=79) were assessed for left atrial (LA) fibrosis severity.Results. It was found that the blood concentration of circulating profibrogenic biomarkers in patients with AF and MS is higher than in patients with AF without MS: aldosterone (135,1 (80,7-224,1) and 90,1 (68,3-120,3) pg/ml, p<0,0001), galectin-3 (10,6 (4,8-15,4) and 5,8 (4,8-8,3) pg/ml, p=0,0001), GDF15 (938,3 (678,3-1352,1) and 671,0 (515,7-879,5) pg/ml, p=0,001), TGF-beta-1 (4421,1 (2513,5-7634,5) and 2630,5 (2020,7-3785,4) pg/ml, p=0,001), CTGF (167,8 (78,9-194,3) and 124,3 (74,4-181,9) pg/ml, p<0,0001), PIIINP (88,5 (58,6120,4) and 58,9 (40,7-86,1) ng/ml, p<0,0001), PINP (3421,4 (1808,1-4321,7) and 2996,1 (2283,8-3894,3) pg/ml, p<0,0001). Patients with paroxysmal AF have higher concentrations of TGF-beta1, CTGF and PINP than patients with persistent and permanent AF. In patients with persistent AF and MS, the concentrations of galectin-3, aldosterone, and PIIINP were higher than in patients with paroxysmal AF, while in patients with permanent AF, they were significantly lower. The plasma concentration of galectin-3 positively correlated with levels of PINP (p=0,465, p<0,0001), PIIINP (p=0,409, p<0,0001), GDF-15 (p=0,369, p<O,O001), CTGF (p=0,405, p<0,0001). According to multivariate regression, of all studied biomarkers, GDF-15 had a greater effect on PIIINP concentration (в=0,234, p=0,038), and galectin-3 — on PINP (в=0,248, p<0,021). Positive correlations of the severity of left atrial fibrosis with the concentration of galectin-3 (p=0,563, p<0,0001), PINP (p=0,620, p<0,0001), TGF-beta-1 (p=0,390, p<0,0001) and CTGF (p=0,551, p<0,0001). According to linear multivariate regression, the most significant effect on LA fibrosis severity among the studied biomarkers is exerted by galectin-3 (в=0,432, p<0,0001), PINP (в=0,343, p=0,001) and PIIINP (в=0,286, p=0,008).Conclusion. An increase in the blood concentration of profibrogenic biomarkers galectin-3, TGF-beta-1, CTGF, PIIINP, and PINP is associated with an increase in LA fibrosis severity and probably has a pathogenetic role in increasing the AF risk in patients with MS

Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children and adults.

The article analyzes the frequency of occurrence, morphological variants and localization of lesions in Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children and some cases of isolated pulmonary lesions in adults.В статье проанализирована частота встречаемости, морфологические варианты и локализация поражений при лангергансоклеточном гистиоцитозе у детей и некоторые случаи изолированного легочного поражения у взрослых

Молекулярные механизмы развития фибрилляции предсердий у пациентов с сахарным диабетом 2 типа: прогностическая роль биомаркеров фиброза и воспаления

The objective was to determine the concentrations of biomarkers of fibrosis and inflammation in the blood, parameters characterizing heart remodeling in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) in combination with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods and materials. The study included 231 examined patients aged 35 to 65 years: patients with DM (n=99), of which 49 patients with AF, and the comparison group consisted of patients with AF without T2DM (n=54) and healthy examined patients (n=78).Results. It was found that the concentration of profibrogenic biomarkers circulating in the blood of patients with AF and T2DM is higher than in patients with AF without T2DM: galectin-3 (13.4 (9.1–16.9) and 6.8 (4.6–12.8) ng/ml, p<0.001), TGF-beta1 (3032.5 (2468.5–4283.5) and 2339.7 (1813.3–3368.8) pg/ml, p=0.01), GDF-15 (2359.3 (1234.3–3465.1) and 1256.7 (889.9–2083.7) pg/ml, p><0.001), PINP (3625.4 (2462.1–4463.7) and 2451.3 (1842.0–2941.0) pg/ml, p><0.001) and PIIINP (92.8 (68.6–122.4) and 67.6 (47.9–93.3) ng/ml, p><0.001). Concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines CRP (3.5 (2.2–4.4) and 2.7 (1.4–7.1) mg/l, p=0.01) and CT-1 (1032.1 (667.6–1495.3) and 549.1 (411.9–960.1) pg/ml, p><0.001) in patients with AF and T2DM is higher than in patients with T2DM without AF. The levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6 in patients with AF and T2DM are comparable to the concentrations of these biomarkers of inflammation in patients with T2DM without AF. According to the results of echocardiography, it was revealed that the thickness of the epicardial adipose tissue in patients with AF and T2DM is greater than in patients with AF without T2DM and greater than in patients with T2DM without AF (7.1±0.4, 4.5±0.3 and 5.1±0.3, respectively, p><0.001). A strong positive correlation between GDF-15 and HbA1c was established according to the correlation analysis (r=0.617, p><0.0001) and regression analysis (β=0.586, p><0.0001). According to binomial logistic regression, it was found that T2DM in the examined cohort increased the risk of AF by 2.2 times (OR=2.2, 95 %CI 1.41–3.31, p=0.00004). Conclusion. The obtained new data on the increase in the concentration of profibrogenic factors in patients with AF in combination with T2DM indicate an important role of the formation of myocardial fibrosis in the development of this arrhythmia in these patients. Keywords: biomarkers, fibrosis, inflammation, atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus>˂0.001), TGF-beta1 (3032.5 (2468.5–4283.5) and 2339.7 (1813.3–3368.8) pg/ml, p=0.01), GDF-15 (2359.3 (1234.3–3465.1) and 1256.7 (889.9–2083.7) pg/ml, p˂0.001), PINP (3625.4 (2462.1–4463.7) and 2451.3 (1842.0–2941.0) pg/ml, p˂0.001) and PIIINP (92.8 (68.6–122.4) and 67.6 (47.9–93.3) ng/ml, p˂0.001). Concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines CRP (3.5 (2.2–4.4) and 2.7 (1.4–7.1) mg/l, p=0.01) and CT-1 (1032.1 (667.6–1495.3) and 549.1 (411.9–960.1) pg/ml, p˂0.001) in patients with AF and T2DM is higher than in patients with T2DM without AF. The levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6 in patients with AF and T2DM are comparable to the concentrations of these biomarkers of inflammation in patients with T2DM without AF. According to the results of echocardiography, it was revealed that the thickness of the epicardial adipose tissue in patients with AF and T2DM is greater than in patients with AF without T2DM and greater than in patients with T2DM without AF (7.1±0.4, 4.5±0.3 and 5.1±0.3, respectively, p˂0.001). A strong positive correlation between GDF-15 and HbA1c was established according to the correlation analysis (r=0.617, p˂0.0001) and regression analysis (β=0.586, p˂0.0001). According to binomial logistic regression, it was found that T2DM in the examined cohort increased the risk of AF by 2.2 times (OR=2.2, 95 %CI 1.41–3.31, p=0.00004).Conclusion. The obtained new data on the increase in the concentration of profibrogenic factors in patients with AF in combination with T2DM indicate an important role of the formation of myocardial fibrosis in the development of this arrhythmia in these patients. Цель. Определить концентрации биомаркеров фиброза и воспаления в крови, параметры, характеризующие ремоделирование сердца, у больных с фибрилляцией предсердий (ФП) в сочетании с сахарным диабетом (СД) 2 типа.Методы и материалы. В исследование были включены 231 обследованных в возрасте от 35 до 65 лет: пациенты с СД (n=99), из которых 49 больных с ФП; группы сравнения составили пациенты с ФП без СД 2 типа (n=54) и здоровые обследованные (n=78).Результаты. Установлено, что концентрация профиброгенных биомаркеров, циркулирующих в крови у больных с ФП и СД 2 типа выше, чем у пациентов с ФП без СД 2 типа: галектин-3 (13,4 (9,1–16,9) и 6,8 (4,6–12,8) нг/мл, р<0,001), TGF-beta1 (3032,5 (2468,5–4283,5) и 2339,7 (1813,3–3368,8) пг/мл, р=0,01), GDF-15 (2359,3 (1234,3–3465,1) и 1256,7 (889,9–2083,7) пг/мл, р><0,001), PINP (3625,4 (2462,1–4463,7) и 2451,3 (1842,0–2941,0) пг/мл, р><0,001) и PIIINP (92,8 (68,6–122,4) и 67,6 (47,9–93,3) нг/мл, р><0,001). Концентрации провоспалительных цитокинов, С-реактивный белок (3,5 (2,2–4,4) и 2,7 (1,4–7,1) мг/л, р=0,01) и СТ-1 (1032,1 (667,6–1495,3) и 549,1 (411,9–960,1) пг/мл, р><0,001) у больных с ФП и СД 2 типа выше, чем у пациентов с СД 2 типа без ФП. Уровни ФНО-альфа, ИЛ-6 у пациентов с ФП и СД 2 типа сопоставимы с концентрациями данных биомаркеров воспаления у больных с СД 2 типа без ФП. По результатам эхокардиографии выявлено, что толщина эпикардиальной жировой ткани у пациентов с ФП и СД 2 типа больше, чем у больных с ФП без СД 2 типа, и больше, чем у пациентов с СД 2 типа без ФП ((7,1±0,4), (4,5±0,3) и (5,1±0,3) соответственно, р><0,001). Установлена сильная положительная связь GDF-15 c HbA1c по данным корреляционного анализа (r=0,617, p><0,0001) и по результату регрессионного анализа (β=0,586, р><0,0001). По данным биномиальной логистической регрессии установлено, что СД 2 типа в обследуемой когорте увеличивал риск ФП в 2,2 раза (ОШ=2,2, 95 % ДИ 1,41–3,31, р=0,00004). Заключение. Полученные новые данные об увеличении концентрации профиброгенных факторов у пациентов с ФП в сочетании с СД 2 типа свидетельствуют о важной роли процесса формирования фиброза миокарда в развитии данной аритмии у этих больных. Ключевые слова: биомаркеры, фиброз, воспаление, фибрилляция предсердий, сахарный диабет>˂ 0,001), TGF-beta1 (3032,5 (2468,5–4283,5) и 2339,7 (1813,3–3368,8) пг/мл, р=0,01), GDF-15 (2359,3 (1234,3–3465,1) и 1256,7 (889,9–2083,7) пг/мл, р˂ 0,001), PINP (3625,4 (2462,1–4463,7) и 2451,3 (1842,0–2941,0) пг/мл, р˂ 0,001) и PIIINP (92,8 (68,6–122,4) и 67,6 (47,9–93,3) нг/мл, р˂ 0,001). Концентрации провоспалительных цитокинов, С-реактивный белок (3,5 (2,2–4,4) и 2,7 (1,4–7,1) мг/л, р=0,01) и СТ-1 (1032,1 (667,6–1495,3) и 549,1 (411,9–960,1) пг/мл, р˂ 0,001) у больных с ФП и СД 2 типа выше, чем у пациентов с СД 2 типа без ФП. Уровни ФНО-альфа, ИЛ-6 у пациентов с ФП и СД 2 типа сопоставимы с концентрациями данных биомаркеров воспаления у больных с СД 2 типа без ФП. По результатам эхокардиографии выявлено, что толщина эпикардиальной жировой ткани у пациентов с ФП и СД 2 типа больше, чем у больных с ФП без СД 2 типа, и больше, чем у пациентов с СД 2 типа без ФП ((7,1±0,4), (4,5±0,3) и (5,1±0,3) соответственно, р˂ 0,001). Установлена сильная положительная связь GDF-15 с HbA1c по данным корреляционного анализа (r=0,617, p˂ 0,0001) и по результату регрессионного анализа (β=0,586, р<0,0001). По данным биномиальной логистической регрессии установлено, что СД 2 типа в обследуемой когорте увеличивал риск ФП в 2,2 раза (ОШ=2,2, 95 % ДИ 1,41–3,31, р=0,00004). Заключение. Полученные новые данные об увеличении концентрации профиброгенных факторов у пациентов с ФП в сочетании с СД 2 типа свидетельствуют о важной роли процесса формирования фиброза миокарда в развитии данной аритмии у этих больных. Ключевые слова: биомаркеры, фиброз, воспаление, фибрилляция предсердий, сахарный диабет>˂ 0,0001). По данным биномиальной логистической регрессии установлено, что СД 2 типа в обследуемой когорте увеличивал риск ФП в 2,2 раза (ОШ=2,2, 95 % ДИ 1,41–3,31, р=0,00004).Заключение. Полученные новые данные об увеличении концентрации профиброгенных факторов у пациентов с ФП в сочетании с СД 2 типа свидетельствуют о важной роли процесса формирования фиброза миокарда в развитии данной аритмии у этих больных.

ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ РАДИОЧАСТОТНОЙ АБЛАЦИИ УСТЬЕВ ЛЕГОЧНЫХ ВЕН У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ФИБРИЛЛЯЦИЕЙ ПРЕДСЕРДИЙ И МЕТАБОЛИЧЕСКИМ СИНДРОМОМ

The aim of this study is determination of predictors of efficiency of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and metabolic syndrome (MS). Material and methods. 98 patients with AF (78 patients with AF and MS (IDF, 2005) and 20 patients without MS) have been examined. Comparison groups included 50 patients with MS without arrhythmia and 50 practically healthy subjects. RFA was performed with Carto 3 navigation system. Follow-up period after RFA was 12 months. Epicardial fat thickness (EFT) was measured with help of echo-cardiography. Results: patients with AF relapse had more MS components than those with effective procedure (3.21±1.18 and 1.73±1.14, accordingly, p<0.001). Initially, EFT of patients with AF relapse after RFA was larger that in patients without arrhythmia after exposure. EFT in patients with AF more than3.5 mmincreases probability of arrhythmia relapse in 1.87 times (OR: 1.87, 95 % CI 1.03 — 3.41, р = 0.04). Conclusion: determination of EFT with echo-cardiogaphy can be used in estimation of AF relapse risk after RFA.Цель исследования — определение предикторов эффективности радиочастотной аблации (РЧА) у пациентов с фибрилляцией предсердий (ФП) и метаболическим синдромом (МС). Обследованы 98 пациентов с ФП (78 пациентов с ФП и МС (IDF, 2005) и 20 больных без МС. Группы сравнения составили 50 пациентов с МС без аритмии и 50 практически здоровых людей. РЧА выполнялась с помощью навигационной картирующей системы Carto 3. Период наблюдения после РЧА составил 12 месяцев. Толщина эпикардиального жира (ТЭЖ) определена с помощью ЭхоКГ. Число компонентов МС у больных с рецидивом ФП после РЧА больше, чем у больных с эффективной процедурой (3,21±1,18, 1,73±1,14 соответственно, р = 0,001). Исходно ТЭЖ у пациентов с рецидивом ФП после РЧА больше, чем у пациентов без аритмии, после воздействия. ТЭЖ у пациентов с ФП более3,5 ммповышает вероятность рецидива аритмии после РЧА в 1,87 раза (ОШ:1,87, 95 % ДИ 1,03 — 3,41, р = 0,04). Определение ТЭЖ при ЭхоКГ может быть использовано в оценке риска рецидива ФП после РЧА

Standard of morphological and molecular biological investigations in neuroblastoma

87 cases of primary neuroblastoma verified according to current standards of morphological and molecular genetic diagnostics are reviewed in the paper. Morphological variants and diagnostics criteria of tumor as well as risk groups stratification criteria are summarized. MYCN gene amplification and 1p deletion are designated as adverse molecular genetic features. Prognostic impact of genetic aberrations and unfavorable histology were calculated using event-free and overall survival values.В статье приведены результаты морфологического и молекулярно-биологического исследования 87 случаев нейробластомы у детей, верифицированных с учетом принятых стандартов исследования данной опухоли. Приведены морфологические варианты и критерии диагностики нейробластомы в рамках современных классификаций, а также современные подходы к стратификации больных нейробластомой на группы риска для проведения селективной риск-адаптированной терапии. Амплификация гена MYCN и делеция короткого плеча хромосомы 1 в клетках нейробластомы являются неблагоприятными прогностическими факторами и используются в различных схемах стратификации пациентов на группы риска. Проанализирована бессобытийная выживаемость (БСВ) и общая выживаемость (ОБ) в группах пациентов при наличии генетических аберраций и при неблагоприятной гистологической форме опухоли