POSTUPANJE S ANOREKSIJOM KOD ODRASLIH PREMA ZABILJEŠKAMA SREDNJOVJEKOVNIH PERZIJSKIH LIJEČNIKA

Normal ageing is often accompanied by loss of appetite and decrease in food intake. Weight loss of senescence is called anorexia of ageing. As an outstanding scientist and physician of Traditional Persian Medicine, Avicenna has introduced an unconventional approach to seniors. He also believed that the elderly should consider special schemes in order to maintain their health. These schemes include consideration of nutrition, mental states, sleep, bathing, and physical activities, and even choosing some appropriate hobbies. The elderly should consume foods and fruits with laxative and stool-softening properties to prevent constipation. They would also do better to decrease the amount of food eaten at meals, but at the same time increasing the number of meals to compensate for low food intake. Moreover, they should maintain their vital force and avoid any activities that tax the body. Furthermore, considering the principles of hifz-al-sehah can help secure long and healthy lives for the elderly.Normalno starenje često je popraćeno gubitkom apetita i smanjenjem unosa hrane. Gubitak težine pri starenju često se naziva anoreksija starenja. Kao izniman znanstvenik i liječnik tradicionalne perzijske medicine Avicena je uveo nekonvencionalan pristup starijima. On je također vjerovao da se stariji trebaju držati posebnih obrazaca kako bi održali svoje zdravlje. Ti obrasci uključuju prehranu, mentalna stanja, spavanje, kupanje, fizičku aktivnost pa čak i odabir nekih odgovarajućih hobija. Stariji bi trebali konzumirati hranu i voće koji omekšavaju stolicu i imaju laksativna svojstva kako bi se spriječila konstipacija. Također će si činiti dobro ako smanje količinu hrane pojedene u obroku, ali istovremeno povećaju broj obroka kako bi kompenzirali smanjeni unos hrane. Štoviše, oni bi trebali održavati svoju vitalnu snagu i izbjegavati sve aktivnosti koje opterećuju tijelo. Osim toga uzimajući u obzir principe hifz-al-sehah, stariji si mogu osigurati dug i zdrav život

POSTUPANJE S ANOREKSIJOM KOD ODRASLIH PREMA ZABILJEŠKAMA SREDNJOVJEKOVNIH PERZIJSKIH LIJEČNIKA

Normal ageing is often accompanied by loss of appetite and decrease in food intake. Weight loss of senescence is called anorexia of ageing. As an outstanding scientist and physician of Traditional Persian Medicine, Avicenna has introduced an unconventional approach to seniors. He also believed that the elderly should consider special schemes in order to maintain their health. These schemes include consideration of nutrition, mental states, sleep, bathing, and physical activities, and even choosing some appropriate hobbies. The elderly should consume foods and fruits with laxative and stool-softening properties to prevent constipation. They would also do better to decrease the amount of food eaten at meals, but at the same time increasing the number of meals to compensate for low food intake. Moreover, they should maintain their vital force and avoid any activities that tax the body. Furthermore, considering the principles of hifz-al-sehah can help secure long and healthy lives for the elderly.Normalno starenje često je popraćeno gubitkom apetita i smanjenjem unosa hrane. Gubitak težine pri starenju često se naziva anoreksija starenja. Kao izniman znanstvenik i liječnik tradicionalne perzijske medicine Avicena je uveo nekonvencionalan pristup starijima. On je također vjerovao da se stariji trebaju držati posebnih obrazaca kako bi održali svoje zdravlje. Ti obrasci uključuju prehranu, mentalna stanja, spavanje, kupanje, fizičku aktivnost pa čak i odabir nekih odgovarajućih hobija. Stariji bi trebali konzumirati hranu i voće koji omekšavaju stolicu i imaju laksativna svojstva kako bi se spriječila konstipacija. Također će si činiti dobro ako smanje količinu hrane pojedene u obroku, ali istovremeno povećaju broj obroka kako bi kompenzirali smanjeni unos hrane. Štoviše, oni bi trebali održavati svoju vitalnu snagu i izbjegavati sve aktivnosti koje opterećuju tijelo. Osim toga uzimajući u obzir principe hifz-al-sehah, stariji si mogu osigurati dug i zdrav život

Comparison of growth indices, survival and total production of Fenneropenaeus merguiensis and Fenneropenaeus indicus in Hormozgan Province

The aim of the project was to assess production per hectare and other growth indices of Fenneropenaeus merguiensis and F. indicus in Zarabzy farm in earthen ponds of Tiab area, Hormozgan province. We used two treatments, one for each species three replications each. Post larvae of the species were stocked at density 20 ind/m2. Shrimp were fed by imported pellet on the basis of standard feeding table. In order to obtain the growth rate and calculate daily feeding status, the shrimp were biometrically assessed twice a month. We also measured physic-chemical factors of water including pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen and salinity twice a day. The recorded mean results of survival rate in treatment 1 and 2 were 10% and 64%, respectively. Final product and mean body weight in treatment 1 and 2 were 337.5 and 1526Kg/ha and 16.97 and 11.44g, respectively. The result of final product, survival rate and F.C.R. were above standards. The result of physico-chemical tests showed the parameters were higher than standard which had negative impact on production in both treatments. The results showed that propagation of F. merguiensis is feasible and it can be cultured provided that the suitable food is made available

By-catch composition of small-scale shrimp trawlers in the Persian Gulf (Hormuzgan Province), Iran

Fishing vessels equipped with bottom trawls cause high amount of by-catch and discards. We investigated the catch composition and by-catch percentage in October - November 2002 during shrimp fishing season in Hormuzgan Province waters. The studied area was located in DarmSoorkh area, east of Hormuz Island and Toola area. Sampling was done using wooden fishing dhows. During shrimp season, 36 hauls with a total catch of 6050kg were treated. The catch composed of 88 species belonging to 50 families of which 67 species were bony fish from 38 families, 9 species were cartilaginous fish from 6 families, and 3 species were mollusks from three families and also 9 species of crustacean were found belonging to 3 families. The percentages of different groups of by-catch and target catch (shrimp) were 49.4% small discards, 18.7% large discards, 4.7% commercial species and 27.2% shrimp. The ratio of total by-catch to shrimp was estimated to be about 2.7 times that of the shrimp

Identification of Nursing Management Planning Standards in Iran‏

BACKGROUND: In recent century, planning is one of the most important care skills for health service development. Nurses should be ready scientifically for managing situations in order to develop and perform appropriate models for patient care. It is necessary for manager to know about the process and standards of planning and how to apply them in real conditions. With regard to importance of health care planning and lack of nursing management planning accreditation in Iran. METHODS: This triangulating research was carried out between 2004 and 2006. Fifty professional nursing managers in different level of Iran medical universities and central hospitals, having experience in nursing management at least for five years, and an MS or BS degree in nursing management, were included in a study through purposed sampling. At first, a pilot study with an open questionnaire was conducted in Isfahan and Shiraz and then the study went on in 3 phases including searching for international standards in method by 15 professional nursing manager after consensus on 70% and sending the final was used for data analysis. At last standards for nursing management planning were obtained in Iran. RESULTS: 48 standards of nursing management planning were obtained. The findings showed that most of the standards were accepted (90%) and there were not any standards with agreement lower than 70%. These standards, accompanied with the standards of other nursing units, can be used for quality improvement. The researcher suggests the ministry of health to use these findings and other related ones to accredit the nursing system and to identify its deficiencies

Evaluation of some feeding indices of Pomadasys kaakan in the northern Persian Gulf

In this paper the Vacuity Index (VI), Fullness Index (FI) and Food Preference Index (FPI) for the stomach contents of Pomadasys kaakan were evaluated to assess the quantity and kind of food which this fish consumes in the Persian Gulf. A total of 227 specimens were collected from fishing trawlers or landings from November 2005 to September 2006. 24.7% of stomachs were full, 11.9% were semi-full and 63.4% were empty. The seasonal average of VI was 77.4, 44.6, 80.0 and 54.0 % for autumn, winter, spring and summer, respectively. The overall FI was 36.6 with seasonal averages of 22.6, 55.4, 20.0 and 46.0 in autumn, winter, spring and summer, respectively. The main stomach contents were crustaceans (esp. crab & shrimp), fish, mollusks (bivalves, gastropods and cuttlefish), stomatopoda, brittle stars, Lingula sp. and sea weeds. The estimated FPIs for crustaceans were 77.7, fish 32.1, mollusks 28.6 and echinoderms 18.8 %. Overall, the results show that this fish is a relatively frugal species which consumes crustaceans as main food and has adopted itself with ecological changes of the Persian Gulf

Short communication: Jellyfish of Khuzestan coastal waters and their impact on fish larvae populations

One of the most valuable groups in the food chain of aquatic ecosystems is zooplankton. A large portion of them are invertebrate organisms with great variety of forms and structure, size, habitat and food value. The term ‘jellyfish’ is used in reference to medusa of the phylum Cnidaria (hydromedusae, siphonophores and scyphomedusae) and planktonic members of the phylum Ctenophora (Mills, 2001). Jellyfish medusa is a zooplankton which is frequently present in coastal ocean waters and all marine habitats. They are also primary predators of other zooplanktons which have significant impact on abundance and diversity of zooplankton communities that are one of the key parts of the marine food web. Most jellyfish include Hydromedusae, Siphonophora and Scyphomedusae and planktonic Ctenophora, especially in the productive warm months (Brodeur et al., 1999). In recent years, the frequency of the jellyfish in many ecosystems has increased (Xian et al., 2005; Lynam et al., 2006)

Study on breeding of imported brood stocks Litopenaeus vannamei in Iran environment

Regarding to breeding the Litopenaeus vannamei, a total of 126 pairs of broodstocks were imported from Hawaii to Iran in 2004 and 2005, and then transferred to the Bandargah Research Station in Bushehr. The female broodstocks were ablated, and were feeded 3 times per day with cuttlefish, small size shrimp and Nereis worm with a ratio of 30% body weight. The water exchange were done 3 times per day. During the years 2004 and 2005 a total 1700000 naupli were produced of which 772000 specimens of pl13 and pl7 were harvested and then transferred to Helleh Site for carrying out the next culture project. The average naupli and postlarvae were 170000 and 92000 in proportion to each broodstock. Also the mean survival rate was estimated 54%

Flixweed vs. polyethylene glycol in the treatment of childhood functional constipation: A randomized clinical trial

Background: Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is often considered as the first-line treatment for functional constipation in children. Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb et Berth (D. sophia) is a safe recommended medicine in Iranian folk and Traditional Persian Medicine for the treatment of constipation. Objectives: To clinically compare D. sophia with PEG 4000 (without electrolyte) in pediatric constipation and to assess its efficacy and side effects. Patients and Methods: 120 patients aged 2 - 12 years with constipation for at least 3 months were included in an 8 weeks lasting randomized controlled trial within two parallel-groups. Children received either PEG, 0.4 g/kg/day, or D. sophia seeds, 2 grams (for children aged 2 - 4 years) and 3 grams (for those aged > 4 years) per day. Results: A total of 109 patients completed the study (56 in D. sophia and 53 in PEG group). At the end of the study, 36 (64.3) patients in D. sophia group and 29 (54.7) in PEG group were out of Rome III criteria (P = 0.205). Median weekly stool frequency in 0, 1, 2, 3 weeks of the treatment was found to be 2, 5, 5, 5 in D. sophia and 3, 4, 4, 5 in PEG group (P = 0.139, 0.076, 0.844, 0.294), respectively. The number of patients who suffered flatulence was less (5, 8.9) in D. sophia group as compared to PEG group (6, 11.3) at the end of the trial (P = 0.461). D. sophia taste was less tolerated. Conclusions: D. sophia is introduced as a cheap and available medication which can be applied as a safe alternative to conventional PEG in the management of pediatric chronic functional constipation. © 2015, Growth & Development Research Center