555 research outputs found

    Implications of storage and handling conditions on glass transition and potential devitrification of oocytes and embryos

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    Devitrification, the process of crystallization of a formerly crystal-free, amorphous glass state, can lead to damage during the warming of cells. The objective of this study was to determine the glass transition temperature of a cryopreservation solution typically used in the vitrification, storage, and warming of mammalian oocytes and embryos using differential scanning calorimetry. A numerical model of the heat transfer process to analyze warming and devitrification thresholds for a common vitrification carrier (open-pulled straw) was conducted. The implications on specimen handling and storage inside the dewar in contact with nitrogen vapor phase at different temperatures were determined. The time required for initiation of devitrification of a vitrified sample was determined by mathematical modeling and compared with measured temperatures in the vapor phase of liquid nitrogen cryogenic dewars. Results indicated the glass transition ranged from -126°C to -121°C, and devitrification was initiated at -109°C. Interestingly, samples entered rubbery state at -121°C and therefore could potentially initiate devitrification above this value, with the consequent damaging effects to cell survival. Devitrification times were calculated considering an initial temperature of material immersed in liquid nitrogen (-196°C), and two temperatures of liquid nitrogen vapors within the dewar (-50°C and -70°C) to which the sample could be exposed for a period of time, either during storage or upon its removal. The mathematical model indicated samples could reach glass transition temperatures and undergo devitrification in 30seconds. Results of the present study indicate storage of vitrified oocytes and embryos in the liquid nitrogen vapor phase (as opposed to completely immersed in liquid nitrogen) poses the potential risk of devitrification. Because of the reduced time-handling period before samples reach critical rubbery and devitrification values, caution should be exercised when handling samples in vapor phase.Fil: Sansinena, Marina Julia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires"; ArgentinaFil: Santos, Maria Victoria. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Taminelli, Guillermo Luis. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires"; ArgentinaFil: Zaritzky, Noemi Elisabet. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos; Argentin

    Implications of storage and handling conditions on glass transition and potential devitrification of oocytes and embryos

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    Devitrification, the process of crystallization of a formerly crystal-free, amorphous glass state, can lead to damage during the warming of cells. The objective of this study was to determine the glass transition temperature of a cryopreservation solution typically used in the vitrification, storage, and warming of mammalian oocytes and embryos using differential scanning calorimetry. A numerical model of the heat transfer process to analyze warming and devitrification thresholds for a common vitrification carrier (open-pulled straw) was conducted. The implications on specimen handling and storage inside the dewar in contact with nitrogen vapor phase at different temperatures were determined. The time required for initiation of devitrification of a vitrified sample was determined by mathematical modeling and compared with measured temperatures in the vapor phase of liquid nitrogen cryogenic dewars. Results indicated the glass transition ranged from -126°C to -121°C, and devitrification was initiated at -109°C. Interestingly, samples entered rubbery state at -121°C and therefore could potentially initiate devitrification above this value, with the consequent damaging effects to cell survival. Devitrification times were calculated considering an initial temperature of material immersed in liquid nitrogen (-196°C), and two temperatures of liquid nitrogen vapors within the dewar (-50°C and -70°C) to which the sample could be exposed for a period of time, either during storage or upon its removal. The mathematical model indicated samples could reach glass transition temperatures and undergo devitrification in 30seconds. Results of the present study indicate storage of vitrified oocytes and embryos in the liquid nitrogen vapor phase (as opposed to completely immersed in liquid nitrogen) poses the potential risk of devitrification. Because of the reduced time-handling period before samples reach critical rubbery and devitrification values, caution should be exercised when handling samples in vapor phase.Fil: Sansinena, Marina Julia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires"; ArgentinaFil: Santos, Maria Victoria. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Taminelli, Guillermo Luis. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires"; ArgentinaFil: Zaritzky, Noemi Elisabet. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos; Argentin

    Development of free sugar white chocolate, suitable for diabetics, using Stevia and sucralose as sweeteners: study of the thermal degradation kinetic

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    The purpose of this study was the development of formulations of white chocolate for diabetics with replacement of sucrose by sucralose (Su) and Stevia (St) using a mixture experimental design. The kinetic studies of thermodegradation which showed that binary combinations of Stevia with sucrose had synergistic effects since the matrix presented a lower thermal sensitivity to the non-enzymatic browning reaction than the samples formulated from the individual components. The phenomena of blooming during storage were studied by a computer vision system and image analysis. The results of sensory analysis revealed that the sample 100%St was not acceptable; however, combining Stevia with sucrose and sucralose, acceptable sensory chocolates were obtained with no statistically significant differences, compared to control 100%S (P> 0.05). Our study provides a chocolate suitable for diabetics, with an appropriate combination of sensorially acceptable sweeteners with higher stability than control sample.Fil: Rodriguez Furlan, Laura Teresa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Invest. En Tecnología Química; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Baracco, Yanina. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Zaritzky, Noemi. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Campderrós, Mercedes. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia; Argentin

    Fixing Conditions in the Freeze Substitution Technique for Light Microscopy Observation of Frozen Beef Tissue

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    The freeze substitution histological technique allows the indirect light microscopicobservation and the quantitative evaluation of ice crystal size in frozen tissues. Theuseofchemical fixatives in substitu ting fluids improves morphological and histochemical preservation of the tissue. Fixation conditions become important since this step can introduce modifications in crystal sizes . Effects of temperature on: a) diffusion rate of fixing solution in tissue, b) recrystallization rate of ice in frozen beef and c) variations of the froze~ water fraction were ana lyzed, establishing that 1sothermal freeze fixation constitutes an appropriate method for histological observation. Fixing at temperatures lower than that of the sample, in an attempt to reduce recrystallization effects , involves an increase of the frozen water fraction i.n the tissue leading to modifications in size of ice crystals and to changes in the histological structure

    Chitosan from Marine Crustaceans: Production, Characterization and Applications

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    Chitosan is a very useful marine polysaccharide that forms structural components in the exoskeleton of crustaceans. In this chapter, the production of chitosan (CH) and chitosan reticulated micro/nanoparticles (CHM) is described. Three case studies corresponding to different effective applications of chitosan are discussed: (i) the performance of CH to destabilize oil/water emulsion waste for water clarification. It was observed that as long as colloidal charge was maintained around zero, turbidity also showed low values and water clarification was achieved. However, when the applied doses were higher than the optimum, colloidal charge and turbidity both increased, showing emulsion restabilization. Emulsions treated with the optimum chitosan doses were clarified in very short periods; (ii) CH and CHM were used as effective antibacterial agents against three different pathogenic microorganisms that are problematic for aquaculture: Vibrio alginolyticus and parahaemolyticus, and Lactococcus garvieae and the minimum bactericidal concentrations were determined; and (iii) the removal of hexavalent chromium and the comparative performance of CH versus CHM. Results showed that at pH < 2, the adsorption capacity of CHM was higher because CH is unstable. Additionally, Cr(VI) was adsorbed on CH without further reduction; in contrast, Cr(VI) adsorbed on CHM was reduced to nontoxic Cr(III)

    Optimización de la obtención de quitosano de crustáceos patagónicos (Puerto Madryn, Chubut): Desarrollo de micropartículas y evaluación de su acción bactericida en patógenos de usual frecuencia en maricultura

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    El procesamiento de crustáceos en la provincia del Chubut genera residuos sólidos de difícil disposición (exoesqueletos), que constituyen un contaminante ambiental. Estos residuos poseen una composición rica en quitina, de la cual se obtienen derivados como el quitosano (QS) , que por sus propiedades funcionales y fisicoquímicas, presentan aplicaciones muy variadas. El quitosano puede prepararse líquido, en escamas, en polvo, o formando micropartículas. En el presente trabajo el proceso de obtención de quitina y quitosano a partir de diferentes fuentes (cangrejos, langostino y calamar de la zona de Madryn y Rawson). Para la obtención de quitina los exoesqueletos molidos fueron despigmentados, descalcificados y desproteinizados. Para la obtención de quitosano la quitina fue desacetilada con NaOH al 50% a 120ºC. El grado de desacetilación del quitosano fue de 90,2% para langostino y calamar y del 86,2% para cangrejo. El peso molecular resultó del orden de Da y 6x10 4 Da para crustáceos y calamar. Por otro lado se obtuvieron micropartículas de quitosano utilizando tripolifosfato de sodio (TPP) como agente reticulante, obteniéndose tamaños de partículas 1μm. Se evaluó además el efecto antimicrobiano del quitosano y las micropartículas de QS sobre el patógeno, Vibrio alginolyiticus, común en maricultura. El quitosano en solución como las micropartículas mostraron un efecto inhibitorio a concentraciones de 0,125% y 0,05% respectivamente. Además, las micropartículas tuvieron un efecto bactericida sobre el patógeno. Se puede observar que los desechos de exoesqueletos de crustáceos patagónicos constituye un tema importante en la revalorización económica de residuos para la región.Fil: Dima, Jimena Bernadette. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagonico; ArgentinaFil: Sequeiros, Cynthia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagonico; ArgentinaFil: Zaritzky, Noemi Elisabet. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - CONICET - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones en Criotecnologia de Alimentos (i); Argentin

    Repensando los debates sobre la Seguridad Humana

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    Estudiar los conceptos que colisionan en la discusión de la Seguridad Humana, tales como las soberanías nacionales, las posibles intervenciones preventivas, la formulación e implementación de políticas públicas, etc.; nos permite ver los horizontes de viabilidad del debate que gira sobre éste. Al mismo tiempo, nos conduce a preguntarnos necesariamente si es posible que el estudio sobre la guerra y la paz que la expresión plantea, se afirme como un paradigma concreto en un futuro no muy lejano. (Párrafo extraído del texto a modo de resumen)Mesa Seguridad Internacional: Actualidad de la seguridad internacionalInstituto de Relaciones Internacionale

    Application of multivariate statistical analysis to assess browning bsusceptibility in sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas (l.) Lam.) cultivars, based on chemical and enzymatic determinations

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    The selection of a sweet potato cultivar for minimal processing must be performed considering the nutritional value and the lower susceptibility to browning development, which will result in greater stability of the vegetable colour. The aim of this work was to evaluate browning susceptibility in four sections of two sweet potato cultivars combining chemical and enzymatic determinations with colour variables, by applying multivariate statistical techniques. Each cultivar had a characteristic browning pattern; in white cultivar colour changes were represented by changes in variable b* while in the red cultivar these changes responded to variations in variable a*.The regions with major colour changes (ΔE*>6) after 24 hours also had high levels of phenolic compounds (658±98 mg chlorogenic acid/kg fresh tissue) and high oxidative enzymes activities. Principal Component Analysis indicated that three regions in white cultivar and two in red cultivar had low browning susceptibility. Partial Least Square analysis indicated that colour changes (ΔE*) were highly associated with Polyphenoloxidase activity and phenolic compounds. By comparing both cultivars analyzed, the white cultivar presented 3 regions with low browning susceptibility and therefore would be more suitable for minimally processing. This low susceptibility would be related to low phenol content and lower enzyme activities.Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA)Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales (FCAF

    Repensando los debates sobre la Seguridad Humana

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    Estudiar los conceptos que colisionan en la discusión de la Seguridad Humana, tales como las soberanías nacionales, las posibles intervenciones preventivas, la formulación e implementación de políticas públicas, etc.; nos permite ver los horizontes de viabilidad del debate que gira sobre éste. Al mismo tiempo, nos conduce a preguntarnos necesariamente si es posible que el estudio sobre la guerra y la paz que la expresión plantea, se afirme como un paradigma concreto en un futuro no muy lejano. (Párrafo extraído del texto a modo de resumen)Mesa Seguridad Internacional: Actualidad de la seguridad internacionalInstituto de Relaciones Internacionale

    The effect of temperature on microbial growth in apple cubes packed in film and preserved by use of orange juice

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    Red delicious apple cubes were packed in fresh orange juice containing chemical preservatives (citric and ascorbic acid, potassium sorbate) and covered with plastic films of different gas permeabilities (polyethylene and EVA-SARAN-EVA) before storage at 4, 10 and 20°C. The concentration of potassium sorbate in the product was optimized with respect to colour and microbial growth. Yeast and mould growth was modelled by Gompertz and linear equations to derive parameters such as lag phase, maximum microbial population and specific microbial growth or rates of decline. Activation energies for the specific growth rates were estimated from Arrhenius-type equations and the time required to reach microbial counts of 106±0.2 CFU g -1 was determined in all cases. At 4°C, these values were longer than 25 days in all systems tested. The use of a low gas permeability film and an adequate potassium sorbate concentration extended storage life at higher temperatures.Fil: Andres, Silvina Cecilia. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Giannuzzi, Leda. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Zaritzky, Noemi Elisabet. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentin
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