Evaluation of Enterovirus infection in people with type 1 diabetes in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province compared to healthy subjects

زمینه و هدف: دیابت نوع 1، یک بیماری خود ایمنی چندعاملی بوده که برهمکنش عوامل ژنتیکی و محیطی می‌تواند سبب بروز آن شود. ویروس‌ها، ازجمله انتروویروس ها، از مهم‌ترین عوامل محیطی در پاتوژنز دیابت نوع 1 هستند. به‌منظور تعیین ارتباط میان انتروویروس ها و دیابت نوع 1 در جمعیت بیماران ایرانی، به بررسی میزان عفونت انتروویروسی در سرم بیماران مبتلا به دیابت نوع 1 پرداخته شد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه‌ی مورد- شاهدی، برای تشخیص وجود RNA انتروویروسی، از تست Nested-PCR و برای تعیین کلاس‌های مختلف از آنتی بادی‌های ضد انتروویروسی نیز از تست الایزا استفاده شد. آزمون‌های آماری مورد استفاده در این مطالعه شامل آزمون دقیق فیشر و کای اسکوئر بود. یافته ها: از 35 نمونه سرمی جمع‌آوری‌شده از بیماران مبتلا به دیابت نوع 1، در سرم 12 بیمار (2/34) عفونت انتروویروسی به روش Nested-PCR مثبت شد، درحالی‌که تنها در یک مورد از افراد سالم مثبت بود (8/2) که اختلاف معنی داری را میان دو گروه نشان می دهد (05/0P<). آنتی‌بادی IgG ضد انتروویروسی در سرم 13 بیمار (1/37) و این آنتی‌بادی از کلاس IgA، در سرم 10 بیمار (5/28) یافت شد. این میزان در افراد سالم به ترتیب 3 (5/8) و 2 (7/5) نفر بود (برای هر دو آنتی بادی 05/0P<). آنتی بادی ضد انتروویروسی از کلاس IgM، در سرم هیچ‌یک از بیماران و افراد کنترل یافت نشد (1=P). نتیجه گیری: نتایج بدست آمده از این مطالعه نشان می‌دهد میزان شیوع عفونت انتروویروسی بیماران ایرانی مبتلا به دیابت نوع 1 به شکل معنی‌داری بالاتر از افراد سالم است. این مطالعه نوعی ارتباط میان انتروویروس ها و بیماری دیابت نوع 1 را در جمعیت مورد مطالعه نشان می‌دهد

Alteration in CD8+ T cell subsets in enterovirus-infected patients: An alarming factor for type 1 diabetes mellitus

Type 1 diabetes is a multi-factorial disease that can develop due to the combination of genetic and environmental factors. Viruses, particularly enteroviruses, are major environmental candidates in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, even though the mechanisms of pathogenicity of these viruses and their effects on the immune system have not been understood very well yet. Previous studies show that any imbalance in the population of different lymphocyte subsets could develop autoimmune diseases. Our theory is that enteroviral infection causes an impairment in the distribution of lymphocyte subtypes and consequently results in the diabetes onset in some individuals. Therefore, in this project, we evaluated the distribution of T CD8+ lymphocytes and their subsets in type 1 diabetes patients. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between enteroviral infection and type 1 diabetes mellitus in an Iranian population, and suggestion a predicting approach for susceptible subjects

Alteration in CD8+T cell subsets in enterovirus-infected patients: An alarming factor for type 1 diabetes mellitus

Type 1 diabetes is a multi-factorial disease that can develop due to the combination of genetic and environmental factors. Viruses, particularly enteroviruses, are major environmental candidates in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, even though the mechanisms of pathogenicity of these viruses and their effects on the immune system have not been understood very well yet. Previous studies show that any imbalance in the population of different lymphocyte subsets could develop autoimmune diseases. Our theory is that enteroviral infection causes an impairment in the distribution of lymphocyte subtypes and consequently results in the diabetes onset in some individuals. Therefore, in this project, we evaluated the distribution of T CD8+ lymphocytes and their subsets in type 1 diabetes patients. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between enteroviral infection and type 1 diabetes mellitus in an Iranian population, and suggestion a predicting approach for susceptible subjects. © 201

Multiple COVID reinfections in a vaccinated psoriatic patient receiving adalimumab

Currently, psoriasis patients are advised to follow their standard therapeutic regimen, and are advised to be vaccinated against Covid-19. However, the data about the antibody responses, induced by the various kinds of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in psoriasis patients who require systemic immunosuppressive treatment is scant. In this case report, we describe antibody responses induced by COVID-19 vaccine, in a 26-year-old male patient with psoriasis being treated with anti-TNF biotherapy, adalimumab biosimilar every two weeks. The patient was vaccinated against COVID-19, according to the national protocol. He experienced three episodes of symptomatic COVID-19. His first and second exposures did not result in antibody production. After the third episode of COVID-19, The SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibody (IgG) was more than 100 Ru/mL (ELISA; ≥8 Ru/mL is considered positive), and SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody (total) was more than 40 micg/mL (ELISA; ≥2.5 micg/mL is considered positive). This is the first case with weak antibody response to vaccination and multiple episodes of COVID infection in a psoriatic patient with adalimumab biosimilar. However, we cannot assume causality due to the treatment

Clinical applications of topical ivermectin in dermatology

Ivermectin (IVM) is a broad-spectrum anti-parasitic drug with significant anti-inflammatory properties. The emergence of treatment resistance to lindane, permethrin, and possibly malathion complicates the global strategy for management of common parasitic skin diseases such as scabies and head lice. In this regard. IVM has been safely and effectively used in the treatment of these common human infestations. In addition, IVM may be useful in inflammatory cutaneous disorders such as papulopustular rosacea where demodex may play a role in pathogenesis. Herein, we review the current applications of topical IVM in dermatology