Cytotoxicity of a New Nano Zinc-Oxide Eugenol Sealer on Murine Fibroblasts

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of a new nano zinc-oxide eugenol (NZOE) sealer in comparison with AH-26 and Pulpdent root canal sealers. Methods and Materials: The L929 mouse fibroblast cells were cultivated and incubated for 24, 48 or 72 h with different dilutions (1/1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16 and 1/32) of culture media previously exposed to either of the test sealers naming NZOE, AH-26 or Pulpdent. At the end of incubation period, the effect of sealers on cell viability was evaluated using Mosmann’s Tetrazolium Toxicity (MTT) colorimetric assay. The data was compared using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey’s post hoc test for multiple comparisons. Results: After 24, 48 or 72 h, both NZOE and Pulpdent sealers inhibited cell viability at 1/1, 1/2 and 1/8 dilutions. Within the 24 and 48 h, the AH-26 sealer reduced the cell viability at all dilutions except the 1/32 solution; however after 72 h even the 1/32 dilution was cytotoxic. Conclusion: The biocompatibility of the nano zinc-oxide eugenol sealer was comparable to Pulpdent sealer and lower than AH-26.Keywords: Cytotoxicity; MTT Assay; Nanoparticles; Root Canal Sealer; Zinc-Oxide Eugenol

Tooth Discoloration Resulting from a Nano Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Sealer

Introduction: A desirable quality of any endodontic sealer is its ability to be tooth color friendly. Therefore the aim of the present study was to evaluate the tooth discoloration potential of a nano zinc oxide-eugenol (NZOE) sealer. Methods and Materials: In order to evaluate tooth discoloration, the pulp chamber of 60 human maxillary central and lateral incisors were filled with one of the sealers, naming AH-26 (resin-based sealer), Pulpdent sealer (ZOE-based) and a NZOE experimental sealer. Color measurements was assessed at the baseline (before placement of sealers) (T0), 24 h (T1) and 72 h (T2) h, 1-week (T3), and 1-month (T4) after the placement of sealers using the Easy Shade spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed in SPSS software using one-way ANOVA, and repeated measured ANOVA. Results: No significant differences were observed when the paired comparison test was performed (P>0.05). Conclusion: The tested nZOE sealer had similar tooth discoloration potential in comparison with AH-26 and ZOE sealer.Keywords: Nano Particle; Root Canal Sealer; Tooth Discoloration; Spectrophotometry; Zinc-Oxide Eugenol

In Vitro Cytotoxicity of a New Nano Root Canal Sealer on Human Gingival Fibroblasts

Introduction: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of a new nano zinc-oxide eugenol (NZOE) sealer on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) compared with Pulpdent (micro-sized ZOE sealer) and AH-26 (resin-based sealer). Methods and Materials: The Pulpdent, AH-26, and NZOE sealers were prepared and exposed to cell culture media immediately after setting, and 24 h and one week after setting. Then, the primary cultured HGFs were incubated for 24 h with different dilutions (1:1 to 1:32) of each sealer extract. Cell viability was evaluated by methyl thiazolyl diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The results were compared using two-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: All sealer extracts, up to 32 times dilutions, showed cytotoxicity when exposed to HGF immediately after setting. The extracts obtained 24 h or one week after setting showed lower cytotoxicity than extracts obtained immediately after setting. At all setting times, NZOE showed lower cytotoxicity than Pulpdent and AH-26. While one-week extracts of NZOE had no significant effect on the viability of HGF at dilutions 1:4 to 1:32, both Pulpdent and AH-26 decreased the cell viability at dilutions of 1:4 and 1:8. Conclusion: NZOE exhibited lower cytotoxicity compared to Pulpdent and AH-26 on HGF and has the potential to be considered as a new root canal filling material.Keywords: Cytotoxicity; Human Gingival Fibroblast; MTT assay; Nano; Seale

A New Approach to Root Formation

In endodontics, treatment of an open apex tooth with necrotic pulp is a problem. It seems that with promotion of remnants of Hertwig’s epithelial sheath or rest of malassez accompany with a good irrigation of root canal we can expect root formation

Determinação da concentração de metais pesados em algumas plantas medicinais e avaliação do risco para a saúde do consumo

The present study was conducted to determine the concentration of heavy metals in some selected medicinal plants in the Shiraz. Heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn and Fe were investigated in Solanum alatum, Peganum harmala, Achillea, Eryngium, Fumaria officinalis, Artemisia by using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Plants showed different metal concentration in the range of: 0.0116-0.079 mg/kg for Cd, 0.024- 0.306 mg/kg for Pb, 3.8- 9.87 mg/kg for Cu, 11.55- 34.19 mg/kg for Zn and 17.94- 187.24 mg/kg for Fe. Health risk assessment showed that consumers are not in danger as far as these metals are concerned. The findings of this study indicated that although most of the sampling plants were contaminated, the estimated daily intake of each metal (EDI) showed that except, Cu in Achillea, Artemisia in children, other samples have EDI below the Acceptable Daily Intakes )ADI) recommended by the Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran and FAO/WHO.El presente estudio se realizó para determinar la concentración de metales pesados en algunas plantas medicinales seleccionadas en el Shiraz. Metales pesados como Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn y Fe se investigaron en Solanum alatum, Peganum harmala, Achillea, Eryngium, Fumaria officinalis, Artemisia mediante el uso de espectrometría de absorción atómica. Las plantas mostraron una concentración de metal diferente en el rango de: 0.0116-0.079 mg / kg para Cd, 0.024- 0.306 mg / kg para Pb, 3.8- 9.87 mg / kg para Cu, 11.55- 34.19 mg / kg para Zn y 17.94- 187.24 mg / kg de Fe. La evaluación de riesgos para la salud mostró que los consumidores no están en peligro en lo que respecta a estos metales. Los hallazgos de este estudio indicaron que aunque la mayoría de las plantas de muestreo estaban contaminadas, la ingesta diaria estimada de cada metal (EDI) mostró que, a excepción de Cu en Achillea, Artemisia en niños, otras muestras tienen EDI por debajo de las ingestas diarias aceptables (IDA) recomendado por el Instituto de Normas e Investigación Industrial de Irán y FAO / OMS.presente estudo foi conduzido para determinar a concentração de metais pesados em algumas plantas medicinais selecionadas no Shiraz. Metais pesados como Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn e Fe foram investigados em Solanum alatum, Peganum harmala, Achillea, Eryngium, Fumaria officinalis, Artemisia por espectrometria de absorção atômica. As plantas apresentaram diferentes concentrações de metais na faixa de: 0,0116-0,079 mg / kg para Cd, 0,024-0,306 mg / kg para Pb, 3,8-9,87 mg / kg para Cu, 11,55-34,19 mg / kg para Zn e 17,94-187,24 mg / kg para Fe. A avaliação dos riscos para a saúde mostrou que os consumidores não estão em perigo no que diz respeito a esses metais.Os resultados deste estudo indicaram que, embora a maioria das plantas de amostragem estivessem contaminadas, a ingestão diária estimada de cada metal (EDI) mostrou que exceto Cu em Achillea, Artemisia em crianças, outras amostras têm EDI abaixo das Ingestões Diárias Aceitáveis) ADI) recomendado pelo Instituto de Padrões e Pesquisa Industrial do Irã e FAO / OMS

Determinação da concentração de metais pesados em plantas medicinais e avaliação do risco para a saúde

The present study was conducted to determine the concentration of heavy metals in some selected medicinal plants in the Shiraz. Heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn and Fe were investigated in Solanum alatum, Peganum harmala, Achillea, Eryngium, Fumaria officinalis, Artemisia by using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Plants showed different metal concentration in the range of: 0.0116-0.079 mg/kg for Cd, 0.024- 0.306 mg/kg for Pb, 3.8- 9.87 mg/kg for Cu, 11.55- 34.19 mg/kg for Zn and 17.94- 187.24 mg/kg for Fe. Health risk assessment showed that consumers are not in danger as far as these metals are concerned. The findings of this study indicated that although most of the sampling plants were contaminated, the estimated daily intake of each metal (EDI) showed that except, Cu in Achillea, Artemisia in children, other samples have EDI below the Acceptable Daily Intakes )ADI) recommended by the Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran and FAO/WHO.El presente estudio se realizó para determinar la concentración de metales pesados en algunas plantas medicinales seleccionadas en el Shiraz. Metales pesados como Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn y Fe se investigaron en Solanum alatum, Peganum harmala, Achillea, Eryngium, Fumaria officinalis, Artemisia mediante el uso de espectrometría de absorción atómica. Las plantas mostraron una concentración de metal diferente en el rango de: 0.0116-0.079 mg / kg para Cd, 0.024- 0.306 mg / kg para Pb, 3.8- 9.87 mg / kg para Cu, 11.55- 34.19 mg / kg para Zn y 17.94- 187.24 mg / kg de Fe. La evaluación de riesgos para la salud mostró que los consumidores no están en peligro en lo que respecta a estos metales. Los hallazgos de este estudio indicaron que aunque la mayoría de las plantas de muestreo estaban contaminadas, la ingesta diaria estimada de cada metal (EDI) mostró que, a excepción de Cu en Achillea, Artemisia en niños, otras muestras tienen EDI por debajo de las ingestas diarias aceptables (IDA) recomendado por el Instituto de Normas e Investigación Industrial de Irán y FAO / OMS.O presente estudo foi conduzido para determinar a concentração de metais pesados em algumas plantas medicinais selecionadas no Shiraz. Metais pesados como Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn e Fe foram investigados em Solanum alatum, Peganum harmala, Achillea, Eryngium, Fumaria officinalis, Artemisia por espectrometria de absorção atômica. As plantas apresentaram diferentes concentrações de metais na faixa de: 0,0116- 0,079 mg / kg para Cd, 0,024-0,306 mg / kg para Pb, 3,8-9,87 mg / kg para Cu, 11,55-34,19 mg / kg para Zn e 17,94-187,24 mg / kg para Fe. A avaliação dos riscos para a saúde mostrou que os consumidores não estão em perigo no que diz respeito a esses metais. Os resultados deste estudo indicaram que, embora a maioria das plantas de amostragem estivessem contaminadas, a ingestão diária estimada de cada metal (EDI) mostrou que exceto Cu em Achillea, Artemisia em crianças, outras amostras têm EDI abaixo das Ingestões Diárias Aceitáveis) ADI) recomendado pelo Instituto de Padrões e Pesquisa Industrial do Irã e FAO / OMS

Comparação da concentração de metais pesados em alguns vegetais (aipo, brócolis e alface)

Heavy metal contamination is one of the main environmental and food safety concerns. This study was conducted with the objective of determining the concentration of heavy metals such as cadmium, lead, copper, zinc and iron in stems and leaves in various vegetables (celery, broccoli and lettuce) in Shiraz. The metal concentrations in the vegetable samples were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The results for the vegetable samples showed that the leaves contained much higher concentrations of heavy metals. The concentrations of Cd detected in the vegetable samples varied from a very low infection to 0.0025 mg / kg; very low infection at 0.51 mg / kg Pb; 0.93 to 2.91 mg / kg Cu. 1.44 to 9.69 mg / kg Zn and 2.54 to 11.05mg / kg Fe. The findings of this study indicated that although most of the sampling plants were contaminated, except for lettuce, other crops have an EDI below the Tolerable Daily Intake (PTDI) recommended by the Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran and the FAO / WHO.La contaminación por metales pesados es uno de las principales preocupaciones ambientales y de seguridad alimentaria. Este studio se realizó con el objetivo de determinar la concentración de metales pesados como cadmio, plomo, cobre, zinc y hierro en tallos y hojas en varios vegetales (apio, brócoli y lechuga) en Shiraz. Las concentraciones de metal en las muestras de vegetales se determinaron mediante espectroscopia de absorción atómica (AAS). Los resultados para muestras de vegetales mostraron que las hojas contenían concentraciones mucho más altas de metales pesados. Las concentraciones de Cd detectadas en las muestras de vegetales variaron desde una infección muy baja hasta 0,0025 mg / kg; infección muy baja a 0,51 mg / kg Pb; 0,93 a 2,91 mg / kg Cu. 1.44 a 9.69 mg / kg Zn y 2.54 a 11.05mg / kg Fe. Los hallazgos de este estudio indicaron que aunque la mayoría de las plantas del muestreo estaban contaminadas, la ingesta diaria estimada de cada metal (EDI) mostró que, excepto la lechuga, otros cultivos tienen un EDI por debajo de la ingesta diaria tolerable (PTDI) recomendada por el Instituto de Normas e Investigación Industrial de Irán y FAO / OMS.A contaminação por metais pesados é uma das principais preocupações ambientais e de segurança alimentar. Este estúdio foi realizado a fim de determinar a concentração de metais pesados tais como cádmio, chumbo, cobre, zinco e ferro em caules e folhas em vários produtos hortícolas (aipo, brócolos e alface) em Shiraz. As concentrações de metais nas amostras vegetais foram determinadas por espectroscopia de absorção atômica (AAS). Os resultados par a as amostras vegetais mostraram que as folhas continham concentrações muito mais altas de metais pesados. As concentrações de Cd detectadas nas amostras vegetais variaram de uma infecção muito baixa a 0,0025 mg / kg; infecção muito baixa a 0,51 mg / kg Pb; 0,93 a 2,91 mg / kg Cu. 1,44 a 9,69 mg / kg Zn e 2,54 a 11,05 mg / kg Fe. Os resultados deste estudo indicaram que, embora a maioria das plantas amostradas foram contaminados, exceto alface, outras culturas têm EDI abaixo da ingestão diária tolerável (PTDI) recomendado pelo Instituto de Padrões e Pesquisa Industrial de Irã e FAO / OMS

External root resorption: Arrested or progressing?

External root resorption may be an uncontrolled phenomenon, and the most known interventions have no effect. Even progressive external root resorption may not be controlled by long term Ca(OH)2 therapy. Currently, there are no treatment options for vital tooth that suffer from root resorption. This invasive resorption can lead to extraction of the tooth. The use of new technologies such as low power laser may control this type of resorption

Subcutaneous Connective Tissue Reaction to a New Nano Zinc-Oxide Eugenol Sealer in Rat Model

Introduction: The aim of this animal study was to evaluate the histological response of the new nano zinc-oxide eugenol (NZOE) sealer in comparison with Pulp Canal Sealer (ZOE based) and AH-26 (epoxy resin sealer). Methods and Materials: A total of 27 Wistar rats were used. Four polyethylene tubes were implanted in the back of each rat (three tubes containing the test materials and an empty tube as a control). Then, 9 animals were sacrificed at each interval of 15, 30 and 60 days, and the implants were removed with the surrounding tissues.Samples were evaluated for the presence of inflammatory cell (mononuclear cell), vascular changes, fibrous tissue formation and present of giant cell. Comparisons between groups and time-periods were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U non-parametric tests. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: No significant difference was observed in tissue reactions and biocompatibility pattern of three sealers during 3 experimental periods (P<0.05). In all groups the tissue behavior showed tendency to decrease the irritation effect over time. Conclusion: The new nano zinc-oxide eugenol sealer has histocompatibility properties comparable to conventional commercial sealers.Keywords: Biocompatibility; Nanoparticle; Tissue Reaction; Zinc-Oxide Eugeno