Evaluation of Lipid Profile, Apo B/ Apo A Ratio and Lpa and its Relationship with Cognitive Disorders in the Older Adults: Birjand Longitudinal Aging Study

Introduction: Accurate and timely diagnosis of mild cognitive disorders is essential to prevent their progression to dementia. This study aimed to determine the relationship among the serum levels of lipid markers of cognitive disorders in older adults in Birjand. Materials and Methods: The community-based cohort study was performed on 1400 older adults population (60 years and older) living in urban and rural areas of Birjand, among whom 242 older adults were selected by multi-stage random sampling; the Mini-Mental State Examination Cognitive Disorders Questionnaire was completed, and five cc of blood samples were taken to assess Triglyceride, Cholesterol, Low density lipoprotein, High-density lipoprotein, lipoprotein a, Apo lipoprotein A, and Apo lipoprotein B. Results: The mean age of participants was 70.6± 6.96 years. 55.4% were women. The level of MMSE was significantly different based on the demographic information. Mean serum levels of Lipid profile, Apo B/ Apo A Ratio, and LP a, were not significantly different from MMSE. Conclusion: The study showed a significant relationship between demographic information and MMSE level, so it can be used to improve the cognitive level of older adults by changing their life situation, marital status, and education. However, the parameters of Lipid profile, Apo B/ Apo A Ratio, and LP a are not used to diagnose cognitive disorders in older adults

Anti-atherogenic potential of jujube, saffron and barberry: anti-diabetic and antioxidant actions

Atherogenic dyslipidemia, characterized by an increased level of lipoprotein (a) and a decreased level of adiponectin, is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in diabetic patients. To reduce cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients, use of agents with antidiabetic and anti-atherogenic potential is required. Using an animal model of diabetes, we investigated the antiatherogenic potential of extracts of three medicinal plants: jujube, barberry, and saffron. For this, serum level of fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity, adiponectin and lipoprotein (a) in diabetic control and extract treated groups were measured. Statistical analysis of measurements showed that serum levels of fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, and VLDL decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in all treated groups. Treatment with all extracts reduced lipid peroxidation and increased antioxidant capacity of the experimental diabetic groups. Serum adiponectin levels increased in all treated groups, whereas lipoprotein (a) levels decreased, most markedly when treated with jujube extract. Jujube, saffron, and barberry extracts are beneficial in ameliorating oxidative stress and atherogenic risk of diabetic rats. This highlights the benefits of further investigating the cardio-protective potential of medicinal plant extracts and evaluating their usefulness as cardio protective agents in clinical practice

A Mediterranean diet is associated with improved total antioxidant content of human breast milk and infant urine

Background: The composition of breast milk (BM) is dynamic and can be influenced by maternal variables that include the diet and nutritional status. This study examined the association between maternal adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and total antioxidant content of BM and infant urine. Methods: We collected 350 BM samples from mothers and urine samples from their infants. The dietary intakes of the mothers were recorded using a validated 65 items-food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The total antioxidant status of the samples was assessed using the ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP), the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and thiol quantification assays. Milk protein, calcium, and triglyceride (TG) were also determined using standard biochemical kits. Results: Subjects with the highest MedDiet scores were among the women in the highest tertile (T3) for consumption of dietary fiber, fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes, and seeds, low-fat dairy, whole grains, and the lowest consumption of red meat, sweetened beverages, and sodium, compared to women in the first tertile (T1) with the lowest MedDiet scores. After adjustment for potential confounders, the individuals in the highest tertile for MedDiet score had a significantly higher level of milk DPPH, and infant urinary DPPH than the lowest tertile and had a significantly higher level of milk protein, FRAP and infant urinary FRAP compared to the T2 (P < 0.05). In addition, the mothers in the T3 for the MedDiet pattern had a significantly lower level of milk TG compared to those within the T1 (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings show that a high maternal adherence to a MedDiet can affect BM composition and their infants' urine

THE EFFECT OF VITAMIN E SUPPLEMENTATION ON LIPID PROFILE AND OXIDATIVE STRESS MARKERS IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Dyslipidemia and oxidative stress are thought to be important mechanisms in pathogenesis of disease in hemodialysis patients. This study was designed to investigate the efficacy of oral vitamin E supplementation on lipid profile and oxidative stress in hemodialysis patients. METHODS: The study group consisted of 26 uremic patients (10 women and 16 men), 16-68 years of age undergoing maintenance hemodialysis three times a week (12&nbsp;hours/week), lasting a range of 6-108 months, at Vali-e-Asre Hospital in Birjand (Iran). Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), lipid peroxidation, cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein levels were determined before and after oral vitamin E supplementation, 400&nbsp;mg/d for 90 days. RESULTS: Vitamin E supplementation caused a significant decrease in ThioBarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) level as a marker for lipid peroxidation (2.97&plusmn;0.52 vs. 2.55&plusmn;0.44, P&lt;0.001) and a significant increase in plasma TAC (1252&plusmn;348 vs. 1398&plusmn;372, P&lt;0.01). Although there was a decrease in the level of lipid profile, there were no statistically significant differences in the means of cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein before and after vitamin E supplementation among patients. CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that oral vitamin E supplementation might be able to modify oxidative stress by an increase in TAC, and a decrease in lipid peroxidation; that could be considered as a preventive strategy in hemodialysis patients &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; Keywords: Antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation, lipid profile, vitamin E, hemodialysis. &nbsp;</p

Effect of a 10 week high intensity interval training supplemented with green tea on lipid profiles and body composition in overweight women

Background and Aim: Increasing the intensity of physical activity along with regular consumption of green tea can be effective on energy metabolism, weight, and body fat content. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of a 10 week. .high intensity interval training supplemented with consuming green tea .on lipid profiles and body composition in overweight women. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 30 overweight women were purposefully and randomly chosen and divided into 3 equal groups. Training group performed training programs including 3 sessions per week at maximum intensity of 85-95% heart rate and the supplement group consumed 3 tablets of green tea (500 mg) daily for 10 weeks High intensity interval training and the supplement group both underwent intervention. Blood samples were collected before and after the intervention in fasting state. Finally,the obtained data was fed into SPSS software (V. 19) and analyzed using paired t test, covariance analysis, one way-variance analysis, and Bonferroni post- hoc tests at the significant level of P<0.05. Results: After the period of high intensity interval training and green tea supplementation triglycerides (P=0.001), LDL (P=0.02), weight (P=0.0001), body mass index (P=0.0001), and body fat percentage (P=0.0001) in all the groups and total cholesterol (P=0.01) decreased ,but&nbsp; HDL (P=0.01) increased in high intensity interval training plus supplements and high intensity interval training plus placebo groups. However, these two indicators did not differ significantly in the supplement group (P=0.23 and P=0.06, respectively). Furthermore, systolic (P= 0.55) and diastolic (P= 0.15) blood pressure and waist-to-hip ratio (P= 0.08) did not change after intervention in all the groups. Conclusion: It was found that consumption of green tea along with performing of high intensity interval training can be effective in improving of cardiovascular risk factors in overweight women

Prevalence of Zinc Deficiency in Elementary School Children of South Khorasan Province (East Iran)

Objective: Zinc deficiency is common in developing countries and can affect growth of children. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of zinc deficiency and its effect on growth in elementary school children of South Khorasan province. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 908 9-11 year-old school children of South Khorasan province (East Iran) from October to December 2007. The subjects were chosen by multi-stage cluster random sampling method from urban and rural areas. Anthropometric measurements were made following standard techniques. Children were considered Stunting, underweight and wasting as height-for-age and weight-for-age and weight-for-height Z-score below or equal -2 standard deviation using the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) reference population. Serum zinc level was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Statistical analysis was performed by the SPSS statistical package using t-test, Chi-square and ANOVA. Findings: Totally, 474 subjects (52.2%) were girls and 697 subjects (76.8%) resided in city. The prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting was 13.2%, 6.8% and 5.5%, respectively. The mean value of zinc plasma level was 87.7 (±32.7) μg/dl; it was significantly higher in girls and in urban areas. There were no significant differences in mean serum zinc in school children with normal growth and subjects that were stunted, underweight or wasted. The prevalence of zinc deficiency was 28.1% and it was significantly higher in rural areas. The prevalence of zinc-deficiency was significantly higher in stunted school children than non-stunted children. Conclusion: Zinc deficiency is common in elementary school children of South Khorasan province, so searching studies for underlying factors of zinc deficiency and supplementation of zinc, especially in stunted students is recommended

Rosa damascena decreased mortality in adult Drosophila.

The effects of a rose-flower extract, Rosa damascena, on the mortality rate of Drosophila melanogaster was evaluated in this study. R. damascena is a potent antioxidant that has many therapeutic uses in addition to its perfuming effects. Supplementing Drosophila with this rose extract resulted in a statistically significant decrease in mortality rate in male and female flies. Moreover, the observed anti-aging effects were not associated with common confounds of anti-aging properties, such as a decrease in fecundity or metabolic rate

Comparison of components of metabolic syndrome in premature myocardial infarction in an iranian population: A case -control study

Background: Metabolic syndrome is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Aim: Aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with premature myocardial infarction (before 50 years of age). Methods: In this case-control study, we compared 98 consecutive patients who were hospitalized in Birjand with acute first myocardial infarction before the age of 50 years and 98 age- and sex-matched healthy controls without a history of coronary artery disease. The case and control groups were categorized according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP ATP III) metabolic syndrome criteria [presence of ≥3 of the following: Fasting blood glucose ≥100 mg/dL, triglyceride (TG) level ≥150 mg/dL, low high density lipoprotein (HDL; <40 mg/dL in men and <50 mg/dL in women), blood pressure ≥130/85 mm Hg, and waist circumference >102 cm in men or 88 cm in women]. The data were collected and analyzed by t-test, χ΂, and logistic regression in SPSS software 11.5. Results: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was significantly higher in cases than in control group (34.7% in cases, 16.3% in controls, P=0.003). All components of metabolic syndrome except high waist circumstance in the cases group were significantly higher than in control. The most common component of metabolic syndrome was high TG and the least common component was low HDL. Conclusion: We conclude that prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with premature myocardial infarction is high; high TG is the most common component of metabolic syndrome

The effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on rumination and glucose index of type 2 diabetic patients

Background and Aim: Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy is from third-wave therapies that their effectiveness has been tested in a range of different psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on mind-awareness on rumination and glucose index of type 2 diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test design. From among all type 2 diabetic patients referring to Birjand Diabetes Center in the second six months of 2017, 40 diabetic patients (20 experimental groups, 20 in the control group) were selected samples as available. Data were collected by Nalen-Huxma and Marrow rumination questionnaire and also by performing HbA1c (hemoglobin glycosylated) and FBS (fasting blood glucose) tests. For the experimental group, cognitive therapy based on mindfulness was conducted by Segal et al. Method in 8 sessions of 60 minutes, while the control group did not receive any intervention. Finally, descriptive statistics including mean and standard deviation were used to describe the data and statistical analysis of covariance, Levin and Kolmogorov-Smirnov analysis was used to analyze the data. The significance level was considered 0.05. Results: The results showed a significant difference in mean scores of rumination and fasting blood sugar (FBS) in the experimental group before and after the intervention were(P<0.05) but the changes in mean glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) view failed and changes in the control group were not significant. Conclusion: The use of cognitive therapy based on Mindfulness, as an effective educational intervention, will be effective in decreasing the rumination and FBS in patients with type 2 diabetes and however, it is probably not effective in reducing hemoglobin glycosylated (HbA1c) in patients with type 2 diabetes