Characterization and Application of Mangosteen Peel Activated Carbon for Ammonia Gas Removal

Mangosteen peel can be used as an activated carbon precursor because of its high lignin content and hardness. In this study, mangosteen peel activated carbon (MP-AC) was prepared by a physical activation method using CO2 at 850°C. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis was used to assess the optimal activation time to identify the largest surface area. The properties of MP-AC were characterized by the SEM-EDS and FTIR analyses. The results showed that MP-AC obtained from the 120-minute activation time had the largest BET specific surface area of 588.41 m2/g and was selected as an adsorbent in the dynamic adsorption of ammonia gas. The values of moisture content, ash content, and iodine number of MP-AC were 6.07%, 9.8%, and 1153.69 mg/g, respectively. Breakthrough curve indicated that with lower inlet concentration and higher adsorbent mass, longer breakthrough time is reached. Equilibrium data was best fitted to the Langmuir isotherm, while the pseudo-first order kinetic model favorably described the adsorption kinetics. The results revealed a potential to utilize MP-AC as an adsorbent for ammonia gas removal with average NH3 adsorption capacity of 0.41 mg/g

The investigation on mineral wool performance as a potential filter to remove tss in cikapayang river, east jawa, indonesia

Mineral wool has been used as a filter medium that reaches approximately 95% removal efficiency of total suspended solids (TSS) on a laboratory scale. However, there is no research available has been applied on a larger scale. Hence, this study investigated the ability of mineral wool to remove TSS in two separate segments of the Cikapayang River at different seasons. This analysis utilizes a mineral wool type I, with a dimension of 180×30×120 cm placed in segment 2, and a mineral wool type II with a dimension of 325×30×100 cm placed in segment 9. Samples were taken using the grab sampling method to analyze the TSS concentration before and after being filtered by mineral wool. This investigation concluded that mineral wool could reduce the TSS concentration by up to 65%, and the removal capacity increased by about 6.82% during the dry season. The concentration of TSS in the dry season positively correlates with the increase in the removal capacity of the media. Mineral wool of type I in segment 2 had a better removal ability (31.43%) than type II in segment 9 (14.71%). This research shows that mineral wool can be used as a support material in sanitation sites in large cities experiencing quality degradation in their water bodies

Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals on Total Suspended Particles in Semi Urban, Urban, and Industrial Areas, of Bandung Metropolitan Area, Indonesia

Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) in ambient air contain metallic elements and can be inhaled by humans. Inhaled metal elements risk public health with long-term exposure because metallic elements are carcinogenic in the human body. This study aimed to analyze metallic elements and assess their risk to public health in the Bandung area and its surroundings. The metal elements analyzed in this research are Pb, Al, and Mn. Ambient air sampling was carried out in five industrial areas: Bandung Wetan, Buahbatu, Cibeureum, Padalarang, and Cimahi. High Volume Air Sampler (HVAS) is for sampling TSP in ambient air, and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) was used to analyze metallic elements. The results of the study showed that the Cimahi location gave the highest TSP level (126.7 g/m3) and the lowest is Padalarang (15.1µg/m3). The metal elements concentrations, Pb, Al, and Mn were varied widely of 7.1–29.21 ng/m3, 1054.9–1700.1 ng/m3, and 8.91–14.79 ng/m3, respectively. Risk analysis was determined by calculating ADDinhale, Hazard Quotient (HQ), and Hazard Index (HI) to determine whether there is a potential non–carcinogenic effect on public health. Each industrial area gives an HI value > 1, and Buahbatu has the highest HI. This study proves that Pb significantly contributes to the increased risk of community exposure to non-carcinogenic effects