Effect of physical activity on structural asymmetry of mouse hippocampus

The relevance of studies of adult neurogenesis is evident in connection with the potential use of these new neurons to replace neurons lost in the process of life. Despite considerable efforts, little is known about the fnal fate of these cells, the functional signifcance of their connections and the regulation of their development. It is known that physical activity signifcantly increases the number of fssile progenitors, the precursors of new neurons in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. The existing immunohistochemical methods for labeling new neurons do not allow tracing the temporal dynamics of changes in the volume of brain structures in the same animal, induced by external impacts, such as voluntary exercise. This makes it an urgent task to develop and improve methods for long­term control of changes that occur in the adult hippocampus due to the induction of neurogenesis. The main purpose of this work was to non­invasively track, by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the temporal dynamics of changes in the volume of the hippocampus in the same animals that had voluntary physical activity. It was found that voluntary exercise did not change the total volume of the mouse hippocampus. However, the difference in the volume ratio between the right and left parts of the hippocampus was signifcantly lower compared with the control group. The reconstruction and analysis of protein­protein interactions that ensure the survival of a large number of new neurons and their integration into existing neural networks in the hippocampus have been carried out. The proposed approach allows the non­invasive registration of changes in the ratio of the volumes of these paired brain structures

Learning-induced sensory plasticity of mouse olfactory epithelium

Traditionally, studies of the neurobiology of learning and memory focus on the circuitry that interfaces between sensory inputs and behavioral outputs, such as the amygdala and cerebellum. However, evidence is accumulating that some forms of learning can in fact drive stimulus­specifc changes very early in sensory systems, including not only primary sensory cortices but also precortical structures and even the peripheral sensory organs themselves. In this study, we investigated the effect of olfactory associative training on the functional activity of olfactory epithelium neurons in response to an indifferent stimulus (orange oil). It was found that such a peripheral structure of the olfactory system of adult mice as the olfactory epithelium (OE) demonstrates experience­dependent plasticity. In our experiment, associative learning led to changes in the patterns of OE cell activation in response to orange oil in comparison with the control group and animals that were given odor without reinforcement. To interpret the results obtained, we compared the distribution of MRI contrast across the zones of OE in response to a conditioned odor in trained animals and in control animals that were given orange oil at three concentrations: original (used for conditioning), 4­fold higher and 4­fold lower. Since the OE activation patterns obtained coincided in the group of trained animals and controls, which were stimulated with orange oil at the 4­fold higher concentration, it can be concluded that associative conditioning increased the sensitivity of the OE to the conditioned stimulus. The observed increase in OE response to orange oil may be the result of neurogenesis, i. e. the maturation of new olfactory neurons responsive to this stimulus, or the consequence of an increase in individual sensitivity of each OE neuron. Based on data of MRI contrast accumulation in mouse OE, the sensory plasticity way in learning­induced increase in sensitivity of OE to conditioned stimulus is more possible. Thus, the sensory plasticity of the OE plays a signifcant role in the formation of the neuronal response to the provision of an initially indifferent odor and is part of the adaptive responses to the environmental changing

A supersonic laser ablation beam source with narrow velocity spreads

A supersonic beam source for SrF and BaF molecules is constructed by combining the expansion of carrier gas (a mixture of 2% SF6 and 98% argon) from an Even-Lavie valve with laser ablation of a barium/strontium metal target at a repetition rate of 10 Hz. Molecular beams with a narrow translational velocity spread are produced at relative values of Δv/v = 0.053(11) and 0.054(9) for SrF and BaF, respectively. The relative velocity spread of the beams produced in our source is lower in comparison with the results from other metal fluoride beams produced in supersonic laser ablation sources. The rotational temperature of BaF is measured to be 3.5 K. The source produces 6 × 108 and 107 molecules per steradian per pulse in the X2ς+ (ν = 0, N = 1) state of BaF and SrF molecules, respectively, a state amenable to Stark deceleration and laser cooling

Lifetime measurements of the A (2)Pi(1/2) and A (2)Pi(3/2) states in BaF

Time resolved detection of laser induced fluorescence from pulsed excitation of electronic states in barium monofluoride (BaF) molecules has been performed in order to determine the lifetimes of the $A^2\Pi_{1/2}$ and $A^2\Pi_{3/2}$ states. The method permits control over experimental parameters such that systematic biases in the interpretation of the data can be controlled to below $10^{-3}$ relative accuracy. The statistically limited values for the lifetimes of the $A^2\Pi_{1/2}(\nu=0)$ and $A^2\Pi_{3/2}(\nu=0)$ states are 57.1(3) ns and 47.9(7)~ns, respectively. The ratio of these values is in good agreement with scaling for the different excitation energies. The investigated molecular states are of relevance for an experimental search for a permanent electric dipole moment (EDM) of the electron in BaF

Investigation into the bimodal transportation process by modelling rail module states

The bimodal transportation process, which takes into account the modelling of rail module states, has been studied. The article demonstrates marked graphs of rail module states with and without running gear change in operation. It has been established which states have the greatest impact on the probability of a steady mode. The work has considered fractality of arrivals and its range in the queueing system with priorities

СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ СУДЕБНО-ВЕТЕРИНАРНОЙ ЭКСПЕРТИЗЫ В УКРАИНЕ

The prospects of development of forensic veterinary examination as areas of practical veterinary and legal activity, science and educational discipline in Ukraine are demonstrated. The subject, the range of objects, the list of issues that are solved while this examination during offences investigation are determined. Some aspects of special veterinary knowledge use in expert activity are considered. Prospective scientific directions of forensic veterinary research are indicated. The subject of forensic veterinary examination are factual data (facts, circumstances) which are established on the basis of special veterinary knowledge. Objects of forensic veterinary examination include: 1) live animals: domestic, wild, hunting, zoo (exotic); 2) corpses of animals (anatomically whole, fragmentary, skeletonized); 3) raw materials for the veterinary and biological industry (endocrine, enzymatic); 4) feeds of animal origin, feed additives; 5) products of animal origin; 6) veterinary pharmaceuticals and poisons; 7) objects – material evidence: pesticides, ropes, vomit masses, blood traces, afterbirth, etc.; derivatives of the skin of animal origin (hair, feather, scales, etc.); pieces of fur and skins; 8) documents: materials of pre-trial and judicial cases (protocols of autopsy, acts of an epizootic inspection of a farm, a journal of registration and treatment of sick animals, a journal of issuing veterinary documents, a manufacturer's declaration, operating permit, etc.). Forensic veterinary examination solves the issues during offences investigation regarding: production, circulation, sale, storage of animal origin products; state determination of health and degree of bodily harm of animals; forensic veterinary research of animal corpses; establishment of violent death; assessment of the timeliness and completeness of medical-prophylactic, antiepizootic, sanitary-hygienic, quarantine and other measures; research on cases of medical errors of specialists in veterinary medicine; performing researches on cases on solving conflicting economic issues in the areas of animal husbandry technology and veterinary medicine; researches on veterinary documents.Показано перспективи розвитку судово-ветеринарної експертизи, як сфери практичної ветеринарної і юридичної діяльності, науки й навчальної дисципліни в Україні. Визначено предмет, коло об’єктів, перелік питань, які вирішуються цією експертизою під час розслідування правопорушень. Розглянуто деякі аспекти використання спеціальних ветеринарних знань в експертній діяльності. Зазначено перспективні наукові напрями судово-ветеринарних досліджень.Показаны перспективы развития судебно-ветеринарной экспертизы, как сферы практической ветеринарной и юридической деятельности, науки и учебной дисциплины в Украине. Определены предмет, круг объектов, перечень вопросов, которые решаются этой экспертизой при расследовании правонарушений. Рассмотрены некоторые аспекты использования специальных ветеринарных знаний в экспертной деятельности. Указаны перспективные научные направления судебно-ветеринарных исследований. Предметом судебно-ветеринарной экспертизы являются фактические данные (факты, обстоятельства), которые устанавливаются на основе специальных ветеринарных знаний. К объектам судебно-ветеринарной экспертизы относятся: 1) животные живые: домашние, дикие, охотничьи, зоопарковые (экзотические); 2) трупы животных (анатомически целые, фрагментарные, скелетонизированные); 3) сырье для ветеринарно-биологической промышленности (эндокринное, ферментное); 4) корма животного происхождения, кормовые добавки; 5) продукция животного происхождения; 6) ветеринарные фармацевтические препараты и яды; 7) объекты – вещественные доказательства: ядохимикаты, веревки, рвотные массы, следы крови, послед и т. п.; производные кожных покровов животного происхождения (волосы, перо, чешуя и т. п.); куски меха и шкуры; 8) документы: материалы досудебных и судебных дел (протоколы вскрытия, акты эпизоотического обследования хозяйства, журнал регистрации и лечения больных животных, журнал выдачи ветеринарных документов, декларация производителя, эксплуатационное разрешение и т. п.). Судебно-ветеринарная экспертиза решает вопросы при расследовании правонарушений относительно: производства, обращения, реализации, хранения продукции животного происхождения; определения состояния здоровья и степени телесных повреждений животных; судебно-ветеринарного исследования трупов животных, установления насильственной смерти; жестокого обращения с животными; оценки своевременности и полноты проведения лечебно-профилактических, противоэпизоотических, санитарно-гигиенических, карантинных и других мероприятий; исследования по делам о врачебных ошибках специалистов ветеринарной медицины; проведения исследований по делам, касающихся решения противоречивых хозяйственных вопросов в сферах технологии животноводства и ветеринарной медицины; исследования ветеринарных документов

ФОРМАЛІЗАЦІЯ ПРОЦЕДУРИ ПРОГНОЗУВАННЯ ПОШКОДЖЕНЬ ОЗБРОЄННЯ ТА ВІЙСЬКОВОЇ ТЕХНІКИ ЗЕНІТНИХ РАКЕТНИХ ВІЙСЬК В ПЕРСПЕКТИВНІЙ АВТОМАТИЗОВАНІЙ СИСТЕМІ УПРАВЛІННЯ МАТЕРІАЛЬНО-ТЕХНІЧНИМ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯМ

The article deals with the issues of improving the information support of a perspective logistic support automatic control system by forming the procedure for predicting the expected damage to armament and military equipment (AME) of air defence troops (ADT) directly from the impact of the explosive action of the weapon. The main attention is paid to the issue of assessing the effectiveness of the actions of the ADT units. Damages are provided separately from the tasks of their further elimination, the AME model is considered as an integral object. As a means of destruction, aircraft weapons are mainly considered. In accordance with the criteria of distribution of the results that are expected during one type of strike, all samples of AME are classified into groups.A qualitative indicator of the prediction of the level of damages of the AME model of ADT sample is the sign of the degree of its damage.The criterion for determining the degree of damage to an AME model of ADT specimen from the explosive action of the weapon is the number of AME that have been hit. Calculation of the probability of obtaining the damage by a structural element of any of the armament model of ADT from the explosive action of the weapon was conducted with taking into account the engineering equipment of the positions.Such an approach allows the control authorities of the logistic support of ADT to receive correct calculation results for the expected losses of AME ADT systems. As a result of fact that the enemy uses weapon an explosive action is a characteristic of the degree of damage.В статье рассматриваются вопросы совершенствования информационного обеспечения перспективной автоматизированной системы управления материально-техническим обеспечением путем формирования процедуры прогнозирования ожидаемых повреждений образцов вооружения и военной техники (ВВТ) зенитных ракетных войск (ЗРВ) непосредственно от воздействия фугасного действия средства поражения. Качественным показателем прогнозирования уровня повреждений образца ВВТ ЗРВ выбран признак степени его повреждений, в качестве критерия определения степени повреждений образца ВВТ ЗРВ от воздействия фугасного действия средств поражения выбрано количество средств поражения, которые поразили. Проведен расчет вероятности получения повреждений структурным элементом образца ВВТ ЗРВ от фугасного действия средств поражения с учетом инженерного оборудования позиций.В статті розглядаються питання удосконалення інформаційного забезпечення перспективної автоматизованої системи управління матеріально-технічним забезпеченням шляхом формування процедури прогнозування очікуваних пошкоджень зразків озброєння та військової техніки (ОВТ) зенітних ракетних військ (ЗРВ) безпосередньо від впливу фугасної дії засобу ураження. Якісним показником прогнозування рівня пошкоджень зразка ОВТ ЗРВ обрана ознака ступеню його пошкоджень, в якості критерія визначення ступеню пошкоджень зразка ОВТ ЗРВ від впливу фугасної дії засобів ураження обрана кількість засобів ураження, які влучили. Проведений розрахунок імовірності отримання пошкоджень структурним елементом зразка ОВТ ЗРВ від фугасної дії засобів ураження з урахуванням інженерного обладнання позицій

INTERMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS IN NEURONAL FUNCTIONAL SYSTEMS

Neuronal synaptic contacts are among the basic elements that determine the plasticity of the nervous system. Changes in the efficiency of synaptic transmission mediate sensation, conduction of excitation, learning, and memory. Dendritic spines are the postsynaptic part of excitatory synapses in higher divisions of mammalian brains. Protein–protein networks of spine microdomains form the functional system of neuronal synapses. Reconstruction of the conceptual model of molecular interactions has been performed. The model represents activity-dependent changes of the synaptic transmission efficiency, integration of excitation in the local dendritic network of a neuron, and prolonged maintenance of the new level of neurotransmission