Seria powieści Erla Stanleya Gardnera o Perrym Masonie i ich ekranizacje: recepcja przez współczesnych odbiorców polsko- i anglojęzycznych

This paper offers an overview of the reception of Erle Stanley Gardner’s series of novels about lawyer Perry Mason and the numerous film adaptations based on that series. It seeks to analyze their reception by contemporary Polish- and English-speaking readers and viewers. Accordingly, the statistics of readership and viewership of books, films and series based on the novels by Gardner are presented and discussed. The article is divided into five sections that deal with the following: Gardner as author; Gardner’s contribution to the development of serialized novel; editions of Gardner’s Perry Mason novels in the United States and in Poland; reception of Gardner’s Perry Mason novel series by Polish- and English-speaking readers, and reception of TV and film adaptations of these novels.Artykuł prezentuje przegląd informacji dotyczących dorobku Erla Stanleya Gardnera związanego z serią powieści o adwokacie Perrym Masonie oraz powstałych na jej podstawie licznych ekranizacji. Celem pracy jest analiza ich recepcji przez współczesnych polskich oraz anglojęzycznych czytelników, a także widzów. W tym celu zaprezentowano i omówiono statystyki poczytności książek i oglądalności powstałych na ich podstawie filmów oraz seriali. Artykuł podzielono na pięć części, które poruszają następujące zagadnienia: postać autora Erla Stanleya Gardnera; jego miejsce w historii powieści w odcinkach; wydania powieści o Perry Masonie w Stanach Zjednoczonych i w Polsce; recepcja serii tychże powieści przez czytelników polskich i anglojęzycznych; recepcja ich ekranizacji

THE COURSE OF THE ALKALI-AGGREGATE REACTION IN THE PRESENCE OF LITHIUM NITRATE

Lithium nitrate is recognized as a chemical compound capable of inhibiting the alkali-silica aggregate reaction. The extent to which the reaction is inhibited or limited is affected by the amount of the applied lithium compound and by the kind of reactive aggregate that has been used. In the case of the polymineral aggregate this process is particularly complex, as the alkali-silicate reaction may be accompanied by other alkali-aggregate reactions, i.a. the alkali-carbonate reaction. The paper presents the results of the investigation on the effect of lithium nitrate on the course of the alkali - reactive gravel aggregate reaction. The investigation was conducted in accordance with ASTM 1260 standard. The investigation results showed that lithium nitrate, when applied in appropriate amount, inhibits the process of mortar samples expansion. The appearance of spalls in the samples modified with a lithium compound indicates the occurrence of two reaction types: alkalisilica and alkali-carbonate

The role of lithium compounds in mitigating alkali-gravel aggregate reaction

AbstractAlkali reaction with reactive aggregates is an example of concrete internal corrosion. Cracks and damage to elements of a concrete structure are the result of the formation of an expansive alkali-silica gel. One of the ways to minimise the effects of this damaging reaction is to use lithium compounds as an admixture to concrete mixes. Lithium ions are believed to reduce the reaction between the alkalis and aggregate or minimise damaging expansivity by modifying chemical composition of the reaction products.This paper presents the results from the tests carried out on mortars from reactive polymineral gravel with lithium nitrate according to the modified ASTM C1260 standard and ASTM C227. The findings show that lithium ions decrease mortar expansion until it reaches the levels markedly lower than those set out in the standards. A considerable reduction in the number of microcracks may indicate either lower swelling capacity of the gels or reduced reactivity of the aggregate, leading to the reduction in the quantity of damaging expansive products

The studies of scale surface produced on outer diffusion layers

In this study at attempt was made to examine the scale formed on ferritic-austenitic duplex type steel subjected to previous thermochemical treatment. The treatment consisted in diffusion aluminising in a metallising mixture composed of Fe-Al powder. As an activator, ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) added in an amount of 2 wt.% was used. Then, both the base material and samples with the diffusiondeposited surface layers were oxidised at 1000°C in the air. Thus formed scales were identified by light microscopy, SEM and X-ray phase analysis. The aim of the oxidation tests carried out under isothermal conditions was to compare the scale morphology when obtained on untreated substrate material and on the surface layers rich in aluminium

The Alkaline Reactivity of Opal in Mortars Modified with Lithium Nitrate

AbstractPreventing the destructive reaction between reactive aggregate and sodium and potassium ions in concrete pore solution is vital for the maintenance of concrete durability. There are several methods of preventing this adverse reaction, such as the application of cement with pozzolanic additives. Several papers also indicate the high efficiency of lithium compounds in mitigating the alkali-aggregate reaction.The aim of this study was to determine the effect of lithium nitrate on the reaction between opal and alkali in mortar bars. The mortar samples contained alkalis of two different concentration levels.Lithium nitrate was applied at a fixed molar ratio of lithium to sodium and potassium ions. Expansion studies were conducted in accordance with the methodology included in the ASTM C1260 standard. The modification of samples with lithium nitrate contributes to the decrease of expansion both for the low alkali cement and high alkali cement. The microstructure of mortar samples, both modified and non-modified with lithium nitrate, was examined and X- ray microanalysis was performed

Characteristics of centrifugally cast GX25CrNiSi18-9 steel

The paper presents the results of microstructural examinations of the industrial heat-resistant centrifugally cast GX25CrNiSi18-9 steel characterised by increased content of Cu. The study included changes in the microstructure of base cast steel respective of the steel held at a temperature of 900 and 950°C for 48 hours. Based on the results obtained, an increase in microhardness of the examined cast steel matrix with increasing temperature was stated, which was probably caused by fine precipitates enriched in Cr, Mo, and C forming inside the matrix grains.The layer of scale formed on the tested cast steel oxidised in the atmosphere of air at 900 and 950°C was characterised by an increased tendency to degradation with increasing temperature of the conducted tests

Effect of temperature on the mechanical properties of X5CrNi18-9 steel

The results of static tensile tests conducted on a selected steel grade with austenitic matrix are discussed in this paper. The tensile tests were carried out at the following temperatures: 200°, 400° and 700 °C. Under the conditions of the static tensile test, all the samples failed with a characteristic “necking” forming a cup-conical shape. It has been found that with increasing temperature the strength properties decrease and the elongation increases. The microscopic examinations of the fractures showed that they were mostly plastic, and numerous “dimples” were filled with non-metallic inclusions characterized by a globular shape and a size of up to 8 µm