Emissão de metano por decomposição de resíduo florestal inundado.

A construção de represas pode aumentar a emissão de gases do efeito estufa (GEE), principalmente metano (CH4) pela decomposição anaeróbica dos resíduos florestais, como galhos, ramos, folhas e miscelânea inundados. Objetivou-se, neste estudo, avaliar a emissão de CH4 após a inundação do solo coberto com resíduos florestais. Unidades experimentais foram construídas com tubos de PVC contendo solo e diferentes combinações de dose (0; 21,2; 42,3 e 64,1 Mg ha-1) e tipo de resíduos (folhas, ramos e miscelânea, galhos e composição original) e água de rio. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com arranjo fatorial e três repetições. As taxas de emissão de CH4 foram monitoradas em 19 eventos durante um ano (Fevereiro/2012 a Março/2013). Cerca de 75 dias após a incubação do solo com resíduos florestais verificou-se aumento das emissões de CH4, ocorrendo dois picos de emissão, aos 111 e aos 249 dias. A emissão acumulada de CH4 no primeiro ano de alagamento foi de 200 g C m-2 na dose zero, passando a valores próximos a 400 g C m-2 nas doses de 21,2 Mg ha-1 e maiores, não havendo efeito do tipo de resíduo, apenas da dose, como fator isolado

Ergodicity and digital texts

Na passagem do texto físico para o texto digital ocorre uma quebra da linearidade da página impressa, que afecta a forma como a recepção se alia à produção através da performatividade característica das novas narrativas. A ruptura do limite material do texto, permitida pela hipertextualidade, obriga a uma construção de sentidos diferente, que assenta na exploração de um texto maior. A introdução do hipermedia vem depois ampliar e complexificar a ideia de hipertextualidade, ao fazer convergir linguagens diversas, num processo interactivo que se assemelha ao processo da própria criação. A partir de estímulos e aberturas do trabalho digital, os textos ergódicos constroem a imaterialidade da significação em espaços singularizados de materialidade algorítmica. Perante um texto destituído de corpo próprio ou único, pretende-se discutir a forma como a textualidade electrónica assiste a esta desmaterialização e a conduz, e como o discurso hipermedia se desloca entre linguagens e suportes multimédia diferentes.ABSTRACT: Whilst breaking the linearity of the printed page, the passage from the physical text to a digital one has blurred the limits between reception and production and has shaped different narrative performances. Hypertextuality has shattered the limits of the text and has simultaneously required the construction of meaning by exploring a major text. Eventually, hypermedia has amplified and complexified that hypertextuality by being able to converge diverse languages, in an interactive process that resembles the actual creation activity. In response to the nodes and stimuli of the digital work, ergodic texts coexist within a customized space of algorithmic materiality and signification immateriality. In this paper we want to discuss how the bodiless but crowded electronic textuality leads this dematerialization as the hypermedia discourse flickers among different languages and multimedia devices.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Al2(SO4)3 alters the antioxidant mitochondrial metabolism of Botritys cinerea and optimizes the production of cellulose and oxidative degrading enzymes.

Abstract The enzymes produced by pathogenic fungi, especially Botritys cinerea, deserve specific attention due to the diversity of their applications, mainly in biofuel production, food processing, and the pharmaceutical industry. Thus, this work used Al2(SO4)3 as a stressor in order to evaluate if the stress levels caused by the concentrations of 100, 250, 500, and 1000 ppm were sufficient to increase the production of hydrolytic cellulolytic enzymes (FPase, CMCase, Avicelase, β- glucosidase, xylanase) and oxidative (laccase and manganese peroxidase). The study also evaluated the stress levels in previously treated mycelia of B. cinerea and whether they corresponded to the different states of mitochondrial respiration. Our study indicates that Al2(SO4)3 increased the production of cellulolytic and oxidative enzymes in all concentrations in a dose-dependent manner and that Al2(SO4)3 alters the mitochondrial respiratory rate, with lower ATP productions, indicating that less-coupled mitochondria were obtained and that this may be due to the increase of oxidative stress. Thus, it is plausible to suggest the use of Al2(SO4)3 in the production of cellulolytic enzymes, which could be used in the hydrolysis stage of second-generation ethanol production processes, as it reduces the time required for enzymatic expression applications in industrial processes. Resumo As enzimas produzidas por fungos patogênicos, especialmente Botritys cinerea, merecem atenção especial devido à diversidade de suas aplicações, principalmente na produção de biocombustíveis, processamento de alimentos e indústria farmacêutica. Assim, este trabalho utilizou o Al2(SO4)3 como estressor a fim de avaliar se os níveis de estresse causados pelas concentrações de 100, 250, 500 e 1000 ppm foram suficientes para aumentar a produção de enzimas celulolíticas hidrolíticas (FPase, CMCase, avicelase, β-glicosidase, xilanase) e oxidativo (lacase e manganês peroxidase). O estudo também avaliou os níveis de estresse em micélios de B. cinerea previamente tratados e se eles correspondiam aos diferentes estados da respiração mitocondrial. Nosso estudo indica que Al2(SO4)3 aumentou a produção de enzimas celulolíticas e oxidativas em todas as concentrações de forma dose-dependente e que Al2(SO4)3 altera a taxa respiratória mitocondrial, com menor produção de ATP, indicando que foram obtidas mitocôndrias menos acopladas e que isso pode ser devido ao aumento do estresse oxidativo. Assim, é plausível sugerir o uso de Al2(SO4)3 na produção de enzimas celulolíticas, poderia ser utilizado na etapa de hidrólise de processos de produção de etanol de segunda geração, pois reduz o tempo necessário para aplicações de expressão enzimática em processos industriais. Palavras-chave: Estresse oxidativo; Acoplamento mitocondrial; Catalase; Peroxidase; Botritys cinerea

Treatment of loco-regional recurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in a non-endemic area: oncologic outcomes, morbidity, and proposal of a prognostic nomogram

Introduction: The study assessed outcomes and toxicities of different treatment modalities for local and/or regional recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in a non-endemic area. Methods: Patients treated with curative intent for recurrent NPC with salvage surgery, photon-based radiotherapy, proton therapy (PT), with or without chemotherapy, at different Italian referral centers between 1998 and 2020 were included. Adverse events and complications were classified according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. Characteristics of the patients, tumors, treatments, and complications are presented along with uni- and multivariate analysis of prognostic factors. A survival predictive nomogram is also provided. Results: A total of 140 patients treated from 1998 to 2020 were retrospectively assessed. Cases with lower age, comorbidity rate, stage, and shorter disease-free interval (DFI) preferentially underwent endoscopic surgery. More advanced cases underwent re-irradiation, fairly distributed between photon-based radiotherapy and PT. Age and DFI were independent factors influencing overall survival. No independent prognostic effect of treatment modality was observed. No significant difference in the morbidity profile of treatments was observed, with 40% of patients experiencing at least one adverse event classified as G3 or higher. Conclusion: Recurrent NPC in a non-endemic area has dissimilar aspects compared to its endemic counterpart, suggesting the need for further studies that can guide the choice of the best treatment modality

Free-flight experiments in LISA Pathfinder

The LISA Pathfinder mission will demonstrate the technology of drag-free test masses for use as inertial references in future space-based gravitational wave detectors. To accomplish this, the Pathfinder spacecraft will perform drag-free flight about a test mass while measuring the acceleration of this primary test mass relative to a second reference test mass. Because the reference test mass is contained within the same spacecraft, it is necessary to apply forces on it to maintain its position and attitude relative to the spacecraft. These forces are a potential source of acceleration noise in the LISA Pathfinder system that are not present in the full LISA configuration. While LISA Pathfinder has been designed to meet it's primary mission requirements in the presence of this noise, recent estimates suggest that the on-orbit performance may be limited by this `suspension noise'. The drift-mode or free-flight experiments provide an opportunity to mitigate this noise source and further characterize the underlying disturbances that are of interest to the designers of LISA-like instruments. This article provides a high-level overview of these experiments and the methods under development to analyze the resulting data.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures. Accepted to Journal Of Physics, Conference Series. Presented at 10th International LISA Symposium, May 2014, Gainesville, FL, US

In-flight thermal experiments for LISA pathfinder: simulating temperature noise at the inertial sensors

Thermal Diagnostics experiments to be carried out on board LISA Pathfinder (LPF) will yield a detailed characterisation of how temperature fluctuations affect the LTP (LISA Technology Package) instrument performance, a crucial information for future space based gravitational wave detectors as the proposed eLISA. Amongst them, the study of temperature gradient fluctuations around the test masses of the Inertial Sensors will provide as well information regarding the contribution of the Brownian noise, which is expected to limit the LTP sensitivity at frequencies close to 1 mHz during some LTP experiments. In this paper we report on how these kind of Thermal Diagnostics experiments were simulated in the last LPF Simulation Campaign (November, 2013) involving all the LPF Data Analysis team and using an end-to-end simulator of the whole spacecraft. Such simulation campaign was conducted under the framework of the preparation for LPF operations

The LISA pathfinder mission

ISA Pathfinder (LPF), the second of the European Space Agency's Small Missions for Advanced Research in Technology (SMART), is a dedicated technology validation mission for future spaceborne gravitational wave detectors, such as the proposed eLISA mission. LISA Pathfinder, and its scientific payload - the LISA Technology Package - will test, in flight, the critical technologies required for low frequency gravitational wave detection: it will put two test masses in a near-perfect gravitational free-fall and control and measure their motion with unprecedented accuracy. This is achieved through technology comprising inertial sensors, high precision laser metrology, drag-free control and an ultra-precise micro-Newton propulsion system. LISA Pathfinder is due to be launched in mid-2015, with first results on the performance of the system being available 6 months thereafter. The paper introduces the LISA Pathfinder mission, followed by an explanation of the physical principles of measurement concept and associated hardware. We then provide a detailed discussion of the LISA Technology Package, including both the inertial sensor and interferometric readout. As we approach the launch of the LISA Pathfinder, the focus of the development is shifting towards the science operations and data analysis - this is described in the final section of the paper