Only true pelagics mix : comparative phylogeography of deepwater bathybatine cichlids from Lake Tanganyika

In the absence of dispersal barriers, species with great dispersal ability are expected to show little, if at all, phylogeographic structure. The East African Great Lakes and their diverse fish faunas provide opportunities to test this hypothesis in pelagic fishes, which are presumed to be highly mobile and unrestricted in their movement by physical barriers. Here, we address the link between panmixis and pelagic habitat use by comparing the phylogeographic structure among four deepwater cichlid species of the tribe Bathybatini from Lake Tanganyika. We show that the mitochondrial genealogies (based on the most variable part or the control region) of the four species are very shallow (0.8–4% intraspecific divergence across entire distribution ranges) and that all species experienced recent population growth. A lack of phylogeographic structure in the two eupelagic species, Bathybates fasciatus and B. leo, was consistent with expectations and with findings in other pelagic cichlid species. Contrary to expectations, a clear phylogeographic structure was detected in the two benthopelagic species, B. graueri and Hemibates stenosoma. Differences in genetic diversity between eupelagic and benthopelagic species may be due to differences in their dispersal propensity, mediated by their respective predatory niches, rather than precipitated by external barriers to dispersal.Peer reviewe

Inter- and Intrasexual Variation in Cuticular Hydrocarbons in Trichrysis cyanea (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae)

Cuckoo wasps (Chrysididae, Hymenoptera) are known for their parasitoid or cleptoparasitic life histories. Indeed, the biology of only a few species has been studied in detail and often only little more is known than the host species. By mimicking their hosts’ cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles, species that parasitize single (or a few closely related) host species manage to deceive their hosts. However, the variability of the CHC profile in generalist cuckoo-wasp species is still unknown. Here, we used gas chromatography—mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and DNA barcoding to study intraspecific variation in cuticular hydrocarbons of one less host-specific species of cuckoo wasps, Trichrysis cyanea. Cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) patterns were found to differ between males and females. Additionally, we found chemical polymorphism among females, which formed three distinct chemical subgroups characterized by different alkene patterns. A lack of divergence in the DNA barcoding region suggests that these different chemotypes do not represent cryptic species. Whether this intrasexual CHC-profile variation is an adaptation (mimicry) to different host species, or simply signaling the reproductive status, remains unclear

Improved Breaking Length Development of Unbleached Softwood Kraft Pulp in PFI Refining by Addition of Primary Fines

Nowadays the so called fines fraction is experiencing increasing interest for the papermaking society, as an essential component of any papermaking pulp. It shows distinctive properties affecting both production process and product properties to a large extent. Several research groups have experimented with either primary and/or secondary fines to assess their corresponding properties in the recent years. When it comes to the influence of primary fines on paper and process, these studies do not always show consistent results, attributed to different raw materials considered, to retention issues during sheet forming or maybe to formation issues arising at higher dosages. This work focuses on the clarification, how primary fines of unbleached softwood kraft pulp (Kappa number ~27) influence the product and process parameters, especially if the total fines amount is risen compared to the original stock. Primary fines are separated from the pulp using a laboratory pressure screen to be added again in controlled amounts afterwards. Thereby three pulp blends, showing a primary fines content of around 5%, 9% and 12% where prepared. These pulp blends were refined in a PFI mill at 1000, 4500 and 6000 revolutions and compared with the unbeaten reference. The refining treatment mainly resulted in fiber flexibilisation and internal fibrillation while barely any secondary fines were produced. Because retention of the fines material might be an issue, a Rapid-Köthen sheet former with white water recirculation was used. The results of paper testing show that the tensile index develops at lower specific refining energy when adding primary fines prior to refining due to increased densification of the sheets. The results also show increased dewatering resistance (Schopper-Riegler) at a given tensile index, while densification and air permeability (Gurley) are comparable. Considering the linear relationship between tensile index and sheet density – independent of the fines content – it can be concluded that fibre flexibilisation and primary fines both enhance fibre-fibre bonding and that both strategies result in the same increase in mechanical strength with the downside of slightly reduced dewatering in case of the introduction of primary fines.MoV4-(02) page 1MoV4-(02) page 55FFG - Österreichische Forschungsförderungs Gmb

Evaluation of Standard Electrical Bonding Strategies for the Hybrid Integration of Inkjet-Printed Electronics

Different conductive bonding strategies for the hybrid integration of flexible, inkjet-printed electronics are investigated. The focus of the present work lies on providing a practical guide comprising standard techniques that are inexpensive, easily implementable and frequently used. A sample set consisting of identical conductive test structures on different paper and plastic substrates was prepared using silver (Ag) nanoparticle ink. The sintered specimens were electrically contacted using soldering, adhesive bonding and crimping. Electrical and mechanical characterization before and after exposing the samples to harsh environmental conditions was performed to evaluate the reliability of the bonding methods. Resistance measurements were done before and after connecting the specimens. Afterwards, 85 °C/85% damp-heat tests and tensile tests were applied. Adhesive bonding appears to be the most suitable and versatile method, as it shows adequate stability on all specimen substrates, especially after exposure to a 85 °C/85% damp-heat test. During exposure to mechanical tensile testing, adhesive bonding proved to be the most stable, and forces up to 12 N could be exerted until breakage of the connection. As a drawback, adhesive bonding showed the highest increase in electrical resistance among the different bonding strategies

Romanogobio tanaiticus Naseka 2001

<p> <i>Romanogobio tanaiticus</i></p> <p>: ZFMK ICH 55284, 2; Russia: Don, Ust’-Khoperskaya, 49.574°N 42.432°E (GenBank accession numbers: MF960811, MF960812).</p>Published as part of <i>Friedrich, Thomas, Wiesner, Christian, Zangl, Lukas, Daill, Daniel, Freyhof, Jörg & Koblmüller, Stephan, 2018, Romanogobio skywalkeri, a new gudgeon (Teleostei: Gobionidae) from the upper Mur River, Austria, pp. 336-350 in Zootaxa 4403 (2)</i> on page 348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4403.2.6, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1212280">http://zenodo.org/record/1212280</a&gt

Gobio sp.

<p> <i>Gobio</i> sp.:</p> <p>NMW 98315, 1; Austria: Lobenbach at Rohrbrunn, 47.121°N 16.105°E (Genbank accession number: MG786165).—NMW 98437, 1; Austria: Hüttinger Altarm at Labing, 48.180°N, 14.715°E (Genbank accession number: MG786150).</p>Published as part of <i>Friedrich, Thomas, Wiesner, Christian, Zangl, Lukas, Daill, Daniel, Freyhof, Jörg & Koblmüller, Stephan, 2018, Romanogobio skywalkeri, a new gudgeon (Teleostei: Gobionidae) from the upper Mur River, Austria, pp. 336-350 in Zootaxa 4403 (2)</i> on page 348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4403.2.6, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1212280">http://zenodo.org/record/1212280</a&gt

Romanogobio macropterus

<p> <i>Romanogobio macropterus</i></p> <p>: FSJF DNA-752, 1; Georgia: Alazani near Kalkva, 41.767°N 45.924°E (GenBank accession number: MF960804).</p>Published as part of <i>Friedrich, Thomas, Wiesner, Christian, Zangl, Lukas, Daill, Daniel, Freyhof, Jörg & Koblmüller, Stephan, 2018, Romanogobio skywalkeri, a new gudgeon (Teleostei: Gobionidae) from the upper Mur River, Austria, pp. 336-350 in Zootaxa 4403 (2)</i> on page 348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4403.2.6, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1212280">http://zenodo.org/record/1212280</a&gt

Romanogobio vladykovi

<p> <i>Romanogobio vladykovi</i></p> <p>: NMW 98446, 1, 82 mm SL; Austria: Mur near Obervogau. — NMW 98435–98436, 2, 69– 78 mm SL; Austria: Danube near Engelhartszell, 48.507°N 13.731°E. — NMW 96525, 1, 98 mm SL; Austria: Drava near Lavamünd. — NMW 96523, 1, 76 mm SL; Austria: Mur near Bad Radkersburg.</p>Published as part of <i>Friedrich, Thomas, Wiesner, Christian, Zangl, Lukas, Daill, Daniel, Freyhof, Jörg & Koblmüller, Stephan, 2018, Romanogobio skywalkeri, a new gudgeon (Teleostei: Gobionidae) from the upper Mur River, Austria, pp. 336-350 in Zootaxa 4403 (2)</i> on page 347, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4403.2.6, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1212280">http://zenodo.org/record/1212280</a&gt

Romanogobio carpathorossicus

<p> <i>Romanogobio carpathorossicus</i></p> <p>: KFUG ABOL4, 1; Austria: Mur near Bad Radkersburg, 46.662°N 16.013°E (GenBank accession number: MG786152).— KFUG ABOL5, 1; Austria: Sulm near Leibnitz, 46.783°N 15.517°E (GenBank accession number: MG786169).—NMW 98493, 1; Austria: Mur near Bad Radkersburg, 46.662°N 16.013°E (GenBank accession number: MG786184).—NMW 98715, 1; Austria: Sulm near Leibnitz, 46.783°N 15.517°E (GenBank accession number: MG786158).— FSJF DNA-2169, 2; Slovenia: Kolpa at Podzemelj, 45.604°N 15.277°E (GenBank accession numbers: MF960802, MF960803).— ZFMK: ICH 5404, 1; Romania: Timiş near Constantin Daicoviciu, 45.546°N 22.154°E (GenBank accession number: MF960809).— ZFMK: ICH 5405, 1; Romania: Timiş near Constantin Daicoviciu, 45.546°N 22.154°E (GenBank accession number: MF9608010).</p>Published as part of <i>Friedrich, Thomas, Wiesner, Christian, Zangl, Lukas, Daill, Daniel, Freyhof, Jörg & Koblmüller, Stephan, 2018, Romanogobio skywalkeri, a new gudgeon (Teleostei: Gobionidae) from the upper Mur River, Austria, pp. 336-350 in Zootaxa 4403 (2)</i> on page 347, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4403.2.6, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1212280">http://zenodo.org/record/1212280</a&gt

Romanogobio banarescui

<p> <i>Romanogobio banarescui</i></p> <p>: ZFMK 50742–50748, 7, 54–65 mm SL; Greece: Axios at Axioupoli, 40.99111°N 22.56277°E.</p>Published as part of <i>Friedrich, Thomas, Wiesner, Christian, Zangl, Lukas, Daill, Daniel, Freyhof, Jörg & Koblmüller, Stephan, 2018, Romanogobio skywalkeri, a new gudgeon (Teleostei: Gobionidae) from the upper Mur River, Austria, pp. 336-350 in Zootaxa 4403 (2)</i> on page 346, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4403.2.6, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1212280">http://zenodo.org/record/1212280</a&gt