7,794 research outputs found
Short form of the changes in outlook questionnaire: translation and validation of the Chinese version
Background: The Changes in Outlook Questionnaire (CiOQ) is a self-report instrument designed to measure both positive and negative changes following the experience of severely stressful events. Previous research has focused on the Western context. The aim of this study is to translate the short form of the measure (CiOQ-S) into simplified Chinese and examine its validity and reliability in a sample of Chinese earthquake survivors.
Method: The English language version of the 10-item CiOQ was translated into simplified Chinese and completed along with other measures in a sample of earthquake survivors (n = 120). Statistical analyses were performed to explore the structure of the simplified Chinese version of CiOQ-S (CiOQ-SCS), its reliability and validity.
Results: Principal components analysis (PCA) was conducted to test the structure of the CiOQ-SCS. The reliability and convergent validity were also assessed. The CiOQ-SCS demonstrated a similar factor structure to the English version, high internal consistency and convergent validity with measures of posttraumatic stress symptoms, anxiety and depression, coping and social support.
Conclusion: The data are comparable to those reported for the original version of the instrument indicating that the CiOQ-SCS is a reliable and valid measure assessing positive and negative changes in the aftermath of adversity. However, the sampling method cannot permit us to know how representative our samples were of the earthquake survivor population
Resolution requirements for numerical simulations of transition
The resolution requirements for direct numerical simulations of transition to turbulence are investigated. A reliable resolution criterion is determined from the results of several detailed simulations of channel and boundary-layer transition
Spectral multigrid methods for elliptic equations 2
A detailed description of spectral multigrid methods is provided. This includes the interpolation and coarse-grid operators for both periodic and Dirichlet problems. The spectral methods for periodic problems use Fourier series and those for Dirichlet problems are based upon Chebyshev polynomials. An improved preconditioning for Dirichlet problems is given. Numerical examples and practical advice are included
Low Temperature Magnetic Properties of the Double Exchange Model
We study the {\it ferromagnetic} (FM) Kondo lattice model in the strong
coupling limit (double exchange (DE) model). The DE mechanism proposed by Zener
to explain ferromagnetism has unexpected properties when there is more than one
itinerant electron. We find that, in general, the many-body ground state of the
DE model is {\it not} globally FM ordered (except for special filled-shell
cases). Also, the low energy excitations of this model are distinct from spin
wave excitations in usual Heisenberg ferromagnets, which will result in unusual
dynamic magnetic properties.Comment: 5 pages, RevTeX, 5 Postscript figures include
Interchain Coupling Effects and Solitons in CuGeO_3
The effects of interchain coupling on solitons and soliton lattice structures
in CuGeO3 are explored. It is shown that interchain coupling substantially
increases the soliton width and changes the soliton lattice structures in the
incommensurate phase. It is proposed that the experimentally observed large
soliton width in CuGeO3 is mainly due to interchain coupling effects.Comment: 4 pages, LaTex, one eps figure included. No essential changes except
forma
Approximation of 2D Euler Equations by the Second-Grade Fluid Equations with Dirichlet Boundary Conditions
The second-grade fluid equations are a model for viscoelastic fluids, with
two parameters: , corresponding to the elastic response, and , corresponding to viscosity. Formally setting these parameters to
reduces the equations to the incompressible Euler equations of ideal fluid
flow. In this article we study the limits of solutions of
the second-grade fluid system, in a smooth, bounded, two-dimensional domain
with no-slip boundary conditions. This class of problems interpolates between
the Euler- model (), for which the authors recently proved
convergence to the solution of the incompressible Euler equations, and the
Navier-Stokes case (), for which the vanishing viscosity limit is
an important open problem. We prove three results. First, we establish
convergence of the solutions of the second-grade model to those of the Euler
equations provided , as , extending
the main result in [19]. Second, we prove equivalence between convergence (of
the second-grade fluid equations to the Euler equations) and vanishing of the
energy dissipation in a suitably thin region near the boundary, in the
asymptotic regime ,
as . This amounts to a convergence criterion similar to the
well-known Kato criterion for the vanishing viscosity limit of the
Navier-Stokes equations to the Euler equations. Finally, we obtain an extension
of Kato's classical criterion to the second-grade fluid model, valid if , as . The proof of all these results
relies on energy estimates and boundary correctors, following the original idea
by Kato.Comment: 20pages,1figur
Coupling Matrix Representation of Nonreciprocal Filters Based on Time Modulated Resonators
This paper addresses the analysis and design of non-reciprocal filters based
on time modulated resonators. We analytically show that time modulating a
resonator leads to a set of harmonic resonators composed of the unmodulated
lumped elements plus a frequency invariant element that accounts for
differences in the resonant frequencies. We then demonstrate that harmonic
resonators of different order are coupled through non-reciprocal admittance
inverters whereas harmonic resonators of the same order couple with the
admittance inverter coming from the unmodulated filter network. This coupling
topology provides useful insights to understand and quickly design
non-reciprocal filters and permits their characterization using an
asynchronously tuned coupled resonators network together with the coupling
matrix formalism. Two designed filters, of orders three and four, are
experimentally demonstrated using quarter wavelength resonators implemented in
microstrip technology and terminated by a varactor on one side. The varactors
are biased using coplanar waveguides integrated in the ground plane of the
device. Measured results are found to be in good agreement with numerical
results, validating the proposed theory
Convergence of the 2D Euler- to Euler equations in the Dirichlet case: indifference to boundary layers
In this article we consider the Euler- system as a regularization of
the incompressible Euler equations in a smooth, two-dimensional, bounded
domain. For the limiting Euler system we consider the usual non-penetration
boundary condition, while, for the Euler- regularization, we use
velocity vanishing at the boundary. We also assume that the initial velocities
for the Euler- system approximate, in a suitable sense, as the
regularization parameter , the initial velocity for the limiting
Euler system. For small values of , this situation leads to a boundary
layer, which is the main concern of this work. Our main result is that, under
appropriate regularity assumptions, and despite the presence of this boundary
layer, the solutions of the Euler- system converge, as ,
to the corresponding solution of the Euler equations, in in space,
uniformly in time. We also present an example involving parallel flows, in
order to illustrate the indifference to the boundary layer of the limit, which underlies our work.Comment: 22page
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