Distinctive spinal changes in two patients with unusual forms of autosomal dominant endosteal hyperostosis: a case series

Endosteal hyperostosis was encountered in a 26-year-old-man and his 6-month-old daughter. Both the father and his daughter presented with fractures. Odontoid process hyperplasia, and progressive sclerosis of the posterior spinal elements, was the other significant features. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first clinical report describing distinctive spinal changes in association with fractures and endosteal hyperostosis

Synovial hemangioma of the knee joint in a 12-year-old boy: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Synovial hemangioma is a rare condition and is frequently misdiagnosed, leading to a diagnostic delay of many years.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We present a case of an atypical synovial hemangioma in a 12-year-old Caucasian boy with a diagnostic delay of 3 years.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>It is important to know that synovial hemangioma mostly affects the knee joint, showing recurrent bloody effusions without a history of trauma. If there are no intermittent effusions, the diagnosis will be even more difficult. In cases of nonspecific symptoms and longstanding knee pain the diagnosis of a synovial hemangioma should also be considered in order to avoid diagnostic delay. Magnetic resonance imaging is the main diagnostic tool to evaluate patients with synovial hemangioma, showing characteristic lace-like or linear patterns.</p> <p>Angiography can identify feeder vessels and offers the possibility of embolisation in the same setting. Surgical excision, either done per arthroscopy or per arthrotomy, is recommended as soon as possible to avoid the risk of damage to the cartilage.</p

Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BackgroundDisorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage. Here, we estimate nervous system health loss caused by 37 unique conditions and their associated risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021.MethodsWe estimated mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by age and sex in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021. We included morbidity and deaths due to neurological conditions, for which health loss is directly due to damage to the CNS or peripheral nervous system. We also isolated neurological health loss from conditions for which nervous system morbidity is a consequence, but not the primary feature, including a subset of congenital conditions (ie, chromosomal anomalies and congenital birth defects), neonatal conditions (ie, jaundice, preterm birth, and sepsis), infectious diseases (ie, COVID-19, cystic echinococcosis, malaria, syphilis, and Zika virus disease), and diabetic neuropathy. By conducting a sequela-level analysis of the health outcomes for these conditions, only cases where nervous system damage occurred were included, and YLDs were recalculated to isolate the non-fatal burden directly attributable to nervous system health loss. A comorbidity correction was used to calculate total prevalence of all conditions that affect the nervous system combined.FindingsGlobally, the 37 conditions affecting the nervous system were collectively ranked as the leading group cause of DALYs in 2021 (443 million, 95% UI 378–521), affecting 3·40 billion (3·20–3·62) individuals (43·1%, 40·5–45·9 of the global population); global DALY counts attributed to these conditions increased by 18·2% (8·7–26·7) between 1990 and 2021. Age-standardised rates of deaths per 100 000 people attributed to these conditions decreased from 1990 to 2021 by 33·6% (27·6–38·8), and age-standardised rates of DALYs attributed to these conditions decreased by 27·0% (21·5–32·4). Age-standardised prevalence was almost stable, with a change of 1·5% (0·7–2·4). The ten conditions with the highest age-standardised DALYs in 2021 were stroke, neonatal encephalopathy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, epilepsy, neurological complications due to preterm birth, autism spectrum disorder, and nervous system cancer.InterpretationAs the leading cause of overall disease burden in the world, with increasing global DALY counts, effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for disorders affecting the nervous system are needed

Characteristics of incidentally found thyroid nodules in computed tomography: comparison with thyroid scintigraphy

Background In our daily experience, the differentiation between a cold and hot nodule is a very important factor for further clinical management of the patient. In this study, we compared the characteristics of incidentally found thyroid nodules detected on computed tomography (CT) to thyroid scintigraphy (TS). Methods Diagnostic reports from chest CT with intravenous contrast and TS examinations performed from January 2013 to January 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. We identified 70 subjects: 50 with thyroid nodules and 20 control subjects without thyroid nodules. The examination time of the TS was a minimum of two to four months after a chest CT. Chest CTs were performed in the arterial phase after the application of contrast media. Results Patients with a cold nodule had a significantly lower Hounsfield Unit (HU) Nodule(N)/Parenchyma (P) ratio values than the patients with a hot or warm nodule (P<0.05). The cut-off HU N/P ratio value with the highest sum of sensitivity and specificity for the prediction of a functioning nodule was 69 (95% CI: 0.790.95). Conclusions Our results imply that the HU N/P ratio of the thyroid nodule on the chest CT should be taken into account to assess the functionality of the nodule. A lower HU N/P ratio should alert the radiologist or nuclear medicine physician to the possibility that the nodule might be cold and thus more prone to malignancy.(VLID)484430

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports / Biomechanical evaluation of different ankle orthoses in a simulated lateral ankle sprain in two different modes

Ankle orthoses are commonly used for prevention of recurrent ankle sprains. While there are some data on their functional performance or restriction of range of motion, there is little knowledge on the quantifiable passive mechanical effectiveness of various devices. This study aimed to determine the prophylactic stabilization effect for commonly prescribed ankle orthoses in a simulated recurrent ankle sprain. Eleven anatomic lower leg specimens were tested in plantar flexion and hindfoot inversion in a simulated ankle sprain in a quasistatic and dynamic test mode at 0.5/s and 50/s internal rotation, respectively. Tests included intact specimens, same specimens with the ruptured anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL), followed by stabilization with five different semirigid orthoses: AirGo Ankle Brace, Air Stirrup Ankle Brace, Dyna Ankle 50S1, MalleoLoc, and Aequi. Compared to the injured and unprotected state, two orthoses (AirGo and Air Stirrup) significantly reinforced the ankle. The Aequi ankle brace restored stability comparable to an intact joint. Dyna Ankle 50S1 and MalleoLoc provided insufficient resistance to applied internal rotation compared to the ankle with ruptured ATFL. Ankle orthoses varied significantly in their ability to stabilize the unstable ankle during an ankle sprain in both testing modes. Presented objective data on passive stabilization reveal a lack of supporting evidence for clinical application of ankle orthoses.(VLID)489320

Distinctive spinal changes in two patients with unusual forms of autosomal dominant endosteal hyperostosis: a case series-9

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Distinctive spinal changes in two patients with unusual forms of autosomal dominant endosteal hyperostosis: a case series"</p><p>http://www.jmedicalcasereports.com/content/1/1/142</p><p>Journal of Medical Case Reports 2007;1():142-142.</p><p>Published online 22 Nov 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2194708.</p><p></p

Distinctive spinal changes in two patients with unusual forms of autosomal dominant endosteal hyperostosis: a case series-0

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Distinctive spinal changes in two patients with unusual forms of autosomal dominant endosteal hyperostosis: a case series"</p><p>http://www.jmedicalcasereports.com/content/1/1/142</p><p>Journal of Medical Case Reports 2007;1():142-142.</p><p>Published online 22 Nov 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2194708.</p><p></p

Sagittal reformatted multiplanar computed tomography of the craniocervical junction showed a hyperplastic odontoid process

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Distinctive spinal changes in two patients with unusual forms of autosomal dominant endosteal hyperostosis: a case series"</p><p>http://www.jmedicalcasereports.com/content/1/1/142</p><p>Journal of Medical Case Reports 2007;1():142-142.</p><p>Published online 22 Nov 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2194708.</p><p></p> The tip of the dens projected 4.8 mm above a line joining the back of the hard palate to the lowest point of the occipital squama (McGregor line). A mild basilar invagination was therefore present. Note the increased bone density of the posterior vertebral elements

Distinctive spinal changes in two patients with unusual forms of autosomal dominant endosteal hyperostosis: a case series-2

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Distinctive spinal changes in two patients with unusual forms of autosomal dominant endosteal hyperostosis: a case series"</p><p>http://www.jmedicalcasereports.com/content/1/1/142</p><p>Journal of Medical Case Reports 2007;1():142-142.</p><p>Published online 22 Nov 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2194708.</p><p></p>d unusual enlargement of the spinous processes