Measuring Transit Signal Recovery in the Kepler Pipeline. III. Completeness of the Q1-Q17 DR24 Planet Candidate Catalogue, with Important Caveats for Occurrence Rate Calculations

With each new version of the Kepler pipeline and resulting planet candidate catalogue, an updated measurement of the underlying planet population can only be recovered with an corresponding measurement of the Kepler pipeline detection efficiency. Here, we present measurements of the sensitivity of the pipeline (version 9.2) used to generate the Q1-Q17 DR24 planet candidate catalog (Coughlin et al. 2016). We measure this by injecting simulated transiting planets into the pixel-level data of 159,013 targets across the entire Kepler focal plane, and examining the recovery rate. Unlike previous versions of the Kepler pipeline, we find a strong period dependence in the measured detection efficiency, with longer (>40 day) periods having a significantly lower detectability than shorter periods, introduced in part by an incorrectly implemented veto. Consequently, the sensitivity of the 9.2 pipeline cannot be cast as a simple one-dimensional function of the signal strength of the candidate planet signal as was possible for previous versions of the pipeline. We report on the implications for occurrence rate calculations based on the Q1-Q17 DR24 planet candidate catalog and offer important caveats and recommendations for performing such calculations. As before, we make available the entire table of injected planet parameters and whether they were recovered by the pipeline, enabling readers to derive the pipeline detection sensitivity in the planet and/or stellar parameter space of their choice.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, full electronic version of Table 1 available at the NASA Exoplanet Archive; accepted by ApJ May 2nd, 201

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Departamento de Cundinamarca y ciudad de Bogotá.

El conflicto armado en Colombia durante las últimas décadas ha tomado mayor fuerza logrando afectaciones considerables especialmente en aquellos territorios con altas características de abandono y desigualdad social en donde a desatención por parte del Estado ha facilitado que los grupos armados al margen de la ley ejerzan dominio en ciertas poblaciones a través del terror provocado por las diferentes acciones de violencias, por lo tanto, en este documento se analizan dos casos en los que la violencia asociada con el conflicto armado ha impactado drásticamente la existencia de un adolescente y una comunidad, de tal manera que por medio de la técnica narrativa se llegan a conocer las experiencias de los afectados para de esta manera identificar los puntos claves de cada historia y así mismo comprender asertivamente la condición real de cada víctima a partir del hecho violento junto con las afectaciones psicosociales surgidas del mismo. Posteriormente a partir del análisis de los casos se plantean estrategias de acompañamiento psicosocial direccionadas al autorreconocimiento y fortalecimiento de competencias en los afectados para mejorar el afrontamiento de los impactos negativos relacionados con las experiencias adversa que les permitan transformar su posición de victima a la de superviviente de tal manera que se reconstruya su identidad desde la eliminación de prejuicios marcados por la estigmatización social. Finalmente, desde un informe analítico se expone la importancia y alcances de la técnica conocida como fotovoz para abordar escenarios que describen desde la imagen narrativa aquellas problemáticas psicosociales que se encuentran estrechamente asociadas con las diversas manifestaciones de violencia social, y que a su vez facilita el acercamiento a la realidad desde la interpretación construida a partir de múltiples perspectivas.The armed conflict in Colombia during the last decades has taken on greater force, achieving considerable effects, especially in those territories with high characteristics of abandonment and social inequality, where neglect by the State has made it easier for illegal armed groups to exercise dominance over the certain populations through the terror caused by the different acts of violence, therefore, in this document two cases are analyzed in which the violence associated with the armed conflict has drastically impacted the existence of an adolescent and a community, in such a way that through the narrative technique, the experiences of those affected are known in order to identify the key points of each story and also assertively understand the real condition of each victim from the violent act together with the psychosocial affectations arising from the same. Subsequently, based on the analysis of the cases, psychosocial support strategies are proposed aimed at self-recognition and strengthening of skills in those affected to improve coping with the negative impacts related to adverse experiences that allow them to transform their position from victim to that of survivor of in such a way that their identity is reconstructed from the elimination of prejudices marked by social stigmatization. Finally, from an analytical report, the importance and scope of the technique known as photovoice is exposed to approach scenarios that describe from the narrative image those psychosocial problems that are closely associated with the various manifestations of social violence, and that in turn facilitates the approach to reality from the interpretation built from multiple perspectives

Planetary Candidates Observed by Kepler. VII. The First Fully Uniform Catalog Based on The Entire 48 Month Dataset (Q1-Q17 DR24)

We present the seventh Kepler planet candidate catalog, which is the first to be based on the entire, uniformly processed, 48 month Kepler dataset. This is the first fully automated catalog, employing robotic vetting procedures to uniformly evaluate every periodic signal detected by the Q1-Q17 Data Release 24 (DR24) Kepler pipeline. While we prioritize uniform vetting over the absolute correctness of individual objects, we find that our robotic vetting is overall comparable to, and in most cases is superior to, the human vetting procedures employed by past catalogs. This catalog is the first to utilize artificial transit injection to evaluate the performance of our vetting procedures and quantify potential biases, which are essential for accurate computation of planetary occurrence rates. With respect to the cumulative Kepler Object of Interest (KOI) catalog, we designate 1,478 new KOIs, of which 402 are dispositioned as planet candidates (PCs). Also, 237 KOIs dispositioned as false positives (FPs) in previous Kepler catalogs have their disposition changed to PC and 118 PCs have their disposition changed to FP. This brings the total number of known KOIs to 8,826 and PCs to 4,696. We compare the Q1-Q17 DR24 KOI catalog to previous KOI catalogs, as well as ancillary Kepler catalogs, finding good agreement between them. We highlight new PCs that are both potentially rocky and potentially in the habitable zone of their host stars, many of which orbit solar-type stars. This work represents significant progress in accurately determining the fraction of Earth-size planets in the habitable zone of Sun-like stars. The full catalog is publicly available at the NASA Exoplanet Archive.Comment: Accepted to the Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 30 pages, 9 figures, 7 tables. We make the DR24 robovetter decision code publicly available at http://github.com/JeffLCoughlin/robovetter, with input and output examples provided using the same data as contained in the full paper's table

Measuring Transit Signal Recovery in the Kepler Pipeline. IV. Completeness of the DR25 Planet Candidate Catalog

In this work we empirically measure the detection efficiency of the Kepler pipeline used to create the final Kepler threshold crossing event and planet candidate catalogs, a necessary ingredient for occurrence-rate calculations using these lists. By injecting simulated signals into the calibrated pixel data and processing those pixels through the pipeline as normal, we quantify the detection probability of signals as a function of their signal strength and orbital period. In addition, we investigate the dependence of the detection efficiency on parameters of the target stars and their location in the Kepler field of view. We find that the end-of-mission version of the Kepler pipeline returns to a high overall detection efficiency, averaging a 90%–95% rate of detection for strong signals across a wide swathe variety of parameter space. We find a weak dependence of the detection efficiency on the number of transits contributing to the signal and the orbital period of the signal, and a stronger dependence on the stellar effective temperature and correlated noise properties. We also find a weak dependence of the detection efficiency on the position within the field of view. By restricting the Kepler stellar sample to stars with well-behaved correlated noise properties, we can define a set of stars with high detection efficiency for future occurrence-rate calculations

Measuring Transit Signal Recovery in the Kepler Pipeline. IV. Completeness of the DR25 Planet Candidate Catalog

In this work we empirically measure the detection efficiency of the Kepler pipeline used to create the final Kepler threshold crossing event and planet candidate catalogs, a necessary ingredient for occurrence-rate calculations using these lists. By injecting simulated signals into the calibrated pixel data and processing those pixels through the pipeline as normal, we quantify the detection probability of signals as a function of their signal strength and orbital period. In addition, we investigate the dependence of the detection efficiency on parameters of the target stars and their location in the Kepler field of view. We find that the end-of-mission version of the Kepler pipeline returns to a high overall detection efficiency, averaging a 90%–95% rate of detection for strong signals across a wide swathe variety of parameter space. We find a weak dependence of the detection efficiency on the number of transits contributing to the signal and the orbital period of the signal, and a stronger dependence on the stellar effective temperature and correlated noise properties. We also find a weak dependence of the detection efficiency on the position within the field of view. By restricting the Kepler stellar sample to stars with well-behaved correlated noise properties, we can define a set of stars with high detection efficiency for future occurrence-rate calculations

Planetary Candidates Observed by Kepler V: Planet Sample from Q1-Q12 (36 Months)

The Kepler mission discovered 2842 exoplanet candidates with 2 years of data. We provide updates to the Kepler planet candidate sample based upon 3 years (Q1-Q12) of data. Through a series of tests to exclude false-positives, primarily caused by eclipsing binary stars and instrumental systematics, 855 additional planetary candidates have been discovered, bringing the total number known to 3697. We provide revised transit parameters and accompanying posterior distributions based on a Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm for the cumulative catalogue of Kepler Objects of Interest. There are now 130 candidates in the cumulative catalogue that receive less than twice the flux the Earth receives and more than 1100 have a radius less than 1.5 Rearth. There are now a dozen candidates meeting both criteria, roughly doubling the number of candidate Earth analogs. A majority of planetary candidates have a high probability of being bonafide planets, however, there are populations of likely false-positives. We discuss and suggest additional cuts that can be easily applied to the catalogue to produce a set of planetary candidates with good fidelity. The full catalogue is publicly available at the NASA Exoplanet Archive.Comment: Accepted for publication, ApJ