S-bend silicon-on-insulator (SOI) large cross-section rib waveguide for directional coupler

S-bend contributes the high losses in the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) large cross-section rib waveguide (LCRW). The objective of this work is to investigate S-bend SOI LCRW with two different single-mode dimensions named symmetrical and asymmetrical. The S-bend SOI LCRW has been simulating using beam propagation method in OptiBPM software. The asymmetrical waveguide with two different dimension arc given the best performance if compared to others dimension with 3 μm of waveguide spacing. It achieved 92.24% and 91.10% of normalized output power (NOP) for 1550 nm and 1480 nm wavelength respectively. Moreover, the minimum of S-bend spacing between the two cores is 0.9 μm for both 1550 nm and 1480 nm. Therefore, asymmetrical waveguide with two different dimension arc and 0.9 μm of S-bend spacing are chosen. This analysis is important to determine the right parameter in order to design the SOI passive devices. However, future work should be done to see the performance by designing the coupler and implement in the real system. Copyright © 2017 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved

Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)-based Intelligent Management System for Home Appliances

This project reviews the implementation of FPGA-based system design on common home appliances in order to achieve energy efficient usage on the appliances. There are many existed method on this subject in the real world. One common method is using the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) to control the motor speed of the home appliances. In this project, an energy saving home automation was designed using the Quartus II software. The design included a security system, curtain controller, lighting controller and a PWM generator. Security system provides protection to the house. Curtain controller and lighting controller were designed to save electricity and at the same time maintain the house in the bright condition. PWM generator was designed to optimize the air-conditioner and thermostat usage and thus save energy. Not only this system has energy saving feature but it also provide security to the users. At the end of this project, the design has successfully implemented and tested using FLEX10k chip on LP2900 board. The real implementation on hardware has not been done yet but theoretically it is proven that the designed system can save electricity

Markov Chain Modeling for Router Hotspots on Network-On-Chip

A Network-on-Chip (NoC) is a current paradigm in complicated System-on-Chip (SoC) designs that renders compe- tent on-chip communication architecture. It proposes scalable communication to SoC and grants decoupling of communi- cation and computation. In NoC, design space exploration is vital merited to trade-offs among latency, area, and power consumption. Therefore, analytic modeling is crucial step for early NoC design. This paper delivers a top-down approach router model, and employs this model for mesh NoC performance analysis quantified in terms of throughput, average of queue size, efficiency, loss and waiting time. As a case study, the advised model is applied to map a MPEG4 video core to a 4 × 4 mesh NoC with deterministic routing to evaluate the overall NoC quality of service (QoS). The model is utilized as well to acquaints how much occupancy of average queue size for each router that reduces resources (hardware) area and cost. The accuracy of our approach and its practical use is illustrated through extensive simulation results

Performance Analysis of Double-MIMO Free Space Optical System under Atmospheric Turbulence

Over the last few years, free space optical communication (FSO) has emerged as a viable alternative to radio frequency communication. It provides a promising high-speed point�to-point communication solution. However, atmospheric absorption, scattering and turbulence degrade wireless optical communication significantly, lowering device efficiency. The attenuation of signals due to the above atmospheric reasons is another major factor that affects device efficiency. The atmospheric turbulence conditions are observed implemented into different models of FSO systems, such as Single Input Single Output (SISO), Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), Wavelength Division Multiplexing MIMO (WDM-MIMO) and proposed model Double Multiple Input Multiple Output (DMIMO) using the Gamma-Gamma model for a variety of reasons. The OptiSystem 7.0 software was used to run simulations to study how various weather conditions (clear, haze and fog) affected the performance of the channel. Simulation results show that implementing Double Multiple Input Multiple Output (DMIMO) techniques for FSO systems provides high quality factor for various ranges while still achieving accurate transmitted data at the receiver side. In the presence of atmospheric turbulence conditions such as clear air, haze and fog, performance improvements signal power levels, quality factor and link distance range have been demonstrated

Fabrication of Polymer Optical Fiber Splitter Using Lapping Technique

This work involves in designing and developing a POF-based directional coupler/splitter using lapping technique and geometrical blocks. Two fiber strands were first tapered at the middle and they were attached to the geometrical blocks and lapped together. Design parameters that are used to develop this coupler/splitter are core diameter, Dc, etching length, Le, bending radius, Rc, coupling length, Lc and pressure, Fc. All the parameters were taken into account during characterization and analysis of the designed coupler in order to find the most optimum prototype coupler/splitter. Characterizations are done by experimental set-up to test the efficiency, splitting ratio, coupling ratio, excess loss and insertion loss for all the couplers/splitters. Through the characterization process and analysis, the optimized coupler with high splitting ratio and low excess loss were identified. Throughout the experimental process, some of the fibers were improved and renewed in order to realize the design and development of the coupler using this technique. The device can also be utilized as an optical tap and the applications of the device are not only limited in in-house network but also in automotive applications. By using a platform, several splitting ratio can be obtained by integrating different core-cladding thickness and bending radius in order to get the desired splitting ratio and excess loss

Analytical Queue Modeling for Network-on-Chip Router

Routers are important modules in any Networks- on-Chip (NoC)-based design. In order to achieve an satisfactory performance, routers must be designed to match network inter- module traffic. One of the most important methods to accomplish this matching is to improve the throughput and minimize the packet loss and router delay. An early approximation of the router delay is essentially required to aid designers to determine the system timing constrains at the higher levels of abstraction. This paper presents an analytical queue model for NoC routers. Furthermore, it explains how this model can be employed to study the consequence of changing the output traffic and queue size on the router in term of throughput, efficiency, packet loss probability and waiting time. The proposed model implemented a simple M/M/1/B markov chain as queuing model

Large cross-section rib silicon-on-insulator (SOI) S-bend waveguide

S-bend SOI waveguide is known as the most critical part for SOI device design. Normalized output power for the different parameter of the S-bend waveguide has been analyzed using OptiBPM simulator in 1.55 μm communication wavelength. Dimension of 5 × 5 μm2 single-mode rib waveguide is chosen. The variable parameters are transition offset and lateral offset, given the waveguide length of 100 μm–5000 μm. The maximum normalized output power achieved at the waveguide length of 550 μm for the 10 μm S-bend offset is 95.81%. Moreover, the ideal lateral offset is 2.7 μm with 2.52% normalized output power improvement