First order shape transition and critical point nuclei in Sm isotopes from relativistic mean field approach

The critical point nuclei in Sm isotopes, which marks the first order phase transition between spherical U(5) and axially deformed shapes SU(3), have been investigated in the microscopic quadrupole constrained relativistic mean field (RMF) model plus BCS method with all the most used interactions, i.e., NL1, NL3, NLSH and TM1. The calculated potential energy surfaces show a clear shape transition for the even-even Sm isotopes with $N = 82\sim 96$ and the critical point nuclei are found to be $^{148}$Sm, $^{150}$Sm and $^{152}$Sm. Similar conclusions can also be drawn from the microscopic neutron and proton single particle spectra.Comment: 6 figure

X(5) Critical-Point Structure in a Finite System

X(5) is a paradigm for the structure at the critical point of a particular first-order phase transition for which the intrinsic energy surface has two degenerate minima separated by a low barrier. For a finite system, we show that the dynamics at such a critical point can be described by an effective deformation determined by minimizing the energy surface after projection onto angular momentum zero, and combined with two-level mixing. Wave functions of a particular analytic form are used to derive estimates for energies and quadrupole rates at the critical point.Comment: 14 pages, 1 figure, 2 tables, Phys. Rev. C in pres

Learning e-Learning

What You Understand Is What Your Cognitive Integrates. Scientific research develops, as a native environment, knowledge. This environment consists of two interdependent divisions: theory and technology. First division occurs as a recursive research, while the second one becomes an application of the research activity. Over time, theories integrate methodologies and technology extends as infrastructure. The engine of this environment is learning, as the human activity of knowledge work. The threshold term of this model is the concepts map; it is based on Bloom’ taxonomy for the cognitive domain and highlights the notion of software scaffolding which is grounded in Vygotsky’s Social Development Theory with its major theme, Zone of Proximal Development. This article is designed as a conceptual paper, which analyzes specific structures of this type of educational research: the model reflects a foundation for a theory and finally, the theory evolves as groundwork for a system. The outcomes of this kind of approach are the examples, which are, theoretically, learning outcomes, and practically exist as educational objects, so-called e-learning.Assisted Instruction, Cognitive Infrastructure, Concepts Map, Software Scaffolding

Symmetries at and Near Critical Points of Quantum Phase Transitions in Nuclei

We examine several types of symmetries which are relevant to quantum phase transitions in nuclei. These include: critical-point, quasidynamical, and partial dynamical symmetries.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, Proc. 13th Int. Conf. on "Capture Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy and Related Topics", August 25-29, 2008, Cologne, German

Theoretical and Factual Meaning in Assisted Instruction

Technology determines new borders for knowledge domain while education reflects more complex activities. A solution in this context is to integrate technology in the educational system, extending it as e-Education.E-Education is a dynamic system and a conceptdeveloped on three kinds of infrastructure which are likely to emerge: technological infrastructure, conceptual infrastructure of the type ofthe study programmes, and cognitive infrastructure of all participants involved in the teaching-learning activities. The purpose of this paper is to provide a meaningful framework for contextual learning, developed on the idea that a personal computer can deliver many skills to a student, but only academic environment can connect those skills to a modern community where they belong. This approach is developed on the much known principle which sustain that the educational system becomes the engine of the learning society.Scientific Research in E-Education, Assisted Instruction, E-Classroom, Didactic Knowledge, Concepts Map Approach