77 research outputs found
Chorus source region localization in the Earth's outer magnetosphere using THEMIS measurements
Discrete ELF/VLF chorus emissions, the most intense electromagnetic plasma
waves observed in the Earth's radiation belts and outer magnetosphere, are
thought to propagate roughly along magnetic field lines from a localized
source region near the magnetic equator towards the magnetic poles. THEMIS
project Electric Field Instrument (EFI) and Search Coil Magnetometer (SCM)
measurements were used to determine the spatial scale of the chorus source
localization region on the day side of the Earth's outer magnetosphere. We
present simultaneous observations of the same chorus elements registered
onboard several THEMIS spacecraft in 2007 when all the spacecraft were in the
same orbit. Discrete chorus elements were observed at 0.15–0.25 of the
local electron gyrofrequency, which is typical for the outer magnetosphere.
We evaluated the Poynting flux and wave vector distribution and obtained
chorus wave packet quasi-parallel propagation to the local magnetic field.
Amplitude and phase correlation data analysis allowed us to estimate the
characteristic spatial correlation scale transverse to the local magnetic
field to be in the 2800–3200 km range
What works best for ensuring treatment adherence. Lessons from a social support program for people treated for tuberculosis in Ukraine
Background Worldwide, TB is one of the top 10 causes of death and the leading cause from a single infectious agent. Ukraine is one of 30 countries with the highest burden of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Global literature shows that social support (SS) is important in improving TB treatment adherence, reducing lost to follow up rates and improving treatment outcomes. There are several models of SS available, and the literature provides little information on what aspects of SS are most important to TB patients in improving their adherence. Methods We used qualitative data collected through in-depth interviews (IDI) with 21 TB patients and 15 SS providers and coordinators in Ukraine in August-September 2016 to understand how the SS program promoted treatment adherence among patients. We examined the aspects of outpatient TB treatment that made adherence particularly difficult for patients in at-risk groups and aspects of the SS programs that worked best for addressing those barriers. Interviews were transcribed and analysis was performed to derive emergent themes. Results Main barriers included side effects from medicine, the amount of time required daily for transportation and waiting in lines at the health facility, transportation expenses, risks of being identified when visiting a TB facility and lack of motivation to seek treatment. Features of the SS program most valued by patients were convenience of not having to visit facility and support provided by nurses. These two features directly addressed most of the barriers identified. The commitment and qualities of the nurses that provided the SS was an important element of the program. Conclusions This qualitative study suggests that the SS program in Ukraine was successful in reducing treatment default among patients at high risk of default because it directly addressed most of the major barriers they faced to treatment adherence
Chorus wave-normal statistics in the Earth's radiation belts from ray tracing technique
Discrete ELF/VLF (Extremely Low Frequency/Very Low Frequency)
chorus emissions are one of the most intense electromagnetic plasma waves
observed in radiation belts and in the outer terrestrial magnetosphere. These
waves play a crucial role in the dynamics of radiation belts, and are
responsible for the loss and the acceleration of energetic electrons. The
objective of our study is to reconstruct the realistic distribution of chorus
wave-normals in radiation belts for all magnetic latitudes. To achieve this
aim, the data from the electric and magnetic field measurements onboard
Cluster satellite are used to determine the wave-vector distribution of the
chorus signal around the equator region. Then the propagation of such a wave
packet is modeled using three-dimensional ray tracing technique, which
employs K. Rönnmark's WHAMP to solve hot plasma dispersion relation along
the wave packet trajectory. The observed chorus wave distributions close to
waves source are first fitted to form the initial conditions which then
propagate numerically through the inner magnetosphere in the frame of the WKB
approximation. Ray tracing technique allows one to reconstruct wave packet
properties (electric and magnetic fields, width of the wave packet in
k-space, etc.) along the propagation path. The calculations show the
spatial spreading of the signal energy due to propagation in the
inhomogeneous and anisotropic magnetized plasma. Comparison of wave-normal
distribution obtained from ray tracing technique with Cluster observations up
to 40° latitude demonstrates the reliability of our approach and
applied numerical schemes
Динаміка мікрофлори пародонтальних кишень у хворих на остеоартроз при прогресуванні генералізованого пародонтиту
The article presents data on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microflora of periodontal pockets of patients who suffered from initial-I, II, II-III degrees severity of generalized periodontitis with concomitant osteoartrhitis.У статті представлено дані про якісний та кількісний склад мікрофлори пародонтальних кишень хворих на генералізований пародонтит початкового–І, ІІ, ІІ–ІІІ ступенів тяжкості з супутім остеоартрозом
Spin canting and lattice symmetry in LaCuO
While the dominant magnetic interaction in LaCuO is superexchange
between nearest-neighbor Cu moments, the pinning of the spin direction depends
on weak anisotropic effects associated with spin-orbit coupling. The symmetry
of the octahedral tilt pattern allows an out-of-plane canting of the Cu spins,
which is compensated by an opposite canting in nearest-neighbor layers. A
strong magnetic field applied perpendicular to the planes can alter the spin
canting pattern to induce a weak ferromagnetic phase. In light of recent
evidence that the lattice symmetry is lower than originally assumed, we take a
new look at the nature of the field-induced spin-rotation transition. Comparing
low-temperature neutron diffraction intensities for several magnetic Bragg
peaks measured in fields of 0 and 14 T, we find that a better fit is provided
by a model in which spins in neighboring layers counter-rotate in plane,
resulting in a noncollinear configuration. This model allows a consistent
relationship between lattice symmetry and spin orientation at all Cu sites.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure
Magnetic excitations in coupled Haldane spin chains near the quantum critical point
Two quasi-1-dimensional S=1 quantum antiferromagnetic materials, PbNi2V2O8
and SrNi2V2O8, are studied by inelastic neutron scattering on powder samples.
While magnetic interactions in the two systems are found to be very similar,
subtle differences in inter-chain interaction strengths and magnetic anisotropy
are detected. The latter are shown to be responsible for qualitatively
different ground state properties: magnetic long-range order in SrNi2V2O8 and
disordered ``spin liquid'' Haldane-gap state in PbNi2V2O8.Comment: 15 figures, Figs. 5,9, and 10 in color. Some figures in JPEG format.
Complete PostScript and PDF available from
http://papillon.phy.bnl.gov/publicat.ht
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