The effect of spruce plantation density on resilience of mixed forests in the Perm Krai

Over the course of the last few decades, many countries across the globe have experienced mass desiccation of spruce plantations. The subject of our research was the spruce forests of the Russian Perm Krai's mixed forest zone. Spruce is a shade-tolerant tree species and low plantation density may adversely affect the spruce health. The aim of this research is to establish how influential the spruce stand density is on causing desiccation in mixed zones in the Perm Krai. The results of an on-site survey which had recorded spruce desiccation in 2017 were analysed. Within the boundaries of the aforementioned forest areas, 2017 saw the desiccation of spruce trees in 301 forest allotments covering an area of 5,343.7 ha. The value of the weighted average category of spruce forest health in Prikamye varies from 2.7 (severely weakened) to 4.2 (desiccating), and the percentage of the volume of spruce deadwood varies from 17% to 59.5%. When the spruce stand density rises from 0.4 to 0.8, spruce stand resilience to desiccation increases

Evaluation of artificial reforestation efforts in the ribbon forest zone of Altai Krai

The ribbon forest zone of Altai Krai is located in the Kulunda Steppe and on the Priobskoye Plateau. The climate of this region is characterized by extreme aridity. Due to the harsh climate and the importance of the ribbon forests for the environmental sustainability of the region, artificial reforestation is an integral part of the regional forest management. Forest stands of artificial origin currently occupy a large area within the ribbon forest zone, as evidenced by forest inventory data. However, due to the fact that surveys are not conducted simultaneously on the whole territory of Altai Krai, and that they miss some of the forest management units, forest inventory data do not provide an up-to-date assessment of artificial reforestation efforts. Our project attempted to update the existing data of forest resource assessments and evaluate the results of artificial reforestation efforts in the ribbon forest zone of Altai Krai. This article presents data on the distribution of the artificially reforested area by predominant species and type of growing conditions, and the distribution of the growing stock of the artificially established stands by age and type of forest growing conditions. © 2019 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved

The Effects of Different Intensity of Thinning on the Development in Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Stands in Kazakh Uplands

The search for more accurate methods of predicting the growth and development of forest stands became the most urgent task set for foresters of Kazakhstan to determine the permissible interventions in the natural course of the life of plantings, provide high durability and resilience in forests. The aim of the study was to identify the effects of diameter and density of Scots pine stands of Kazakh Uplands on their growth and productivity and the related productivity of single plantation stands taking into account the conditions of growth and development of internal factors as well as further study of the methodology for assessing the forestry cost-effectiveness and improvement thinning. To achieve this aim, effects of varied felling intensities on Scots pine stands were studied. The most common two forest types in upland Scots pine forests were chosen as permanent sample plots; the dead pine-lichen and moss pine-grass. The results showed that improvement thinning of moderate and severe intensity which are more profitable should be done in Scots pine forests of Kazakh Upland as well as carrying out such thinning increases the yield of the larger logs and increases the value of the left stand

Опыт применения нетрадиционных удобрений при выращивании сеянцев сосны обыкновенной (Рinus sylvestris l.) на Урале)

Представлена информация о возможности использования нетрадиционных удобрений, которые приготовлены на основе отходов производств. В настоящее время они являются доступными, недорогими и высокоэффективными средствами повышения плодородия лесных почв. Проанализированы изменения параметров посадочного материала при внесении данных смесе

Experiences on Establishment of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Plantation in Ash Dump Sites of Reftinskaya Power Plant, Russia

Since the middle of the last century in the Urals of Russia there has been a problem of environmental pollution by man-made emissions. The purpose of this investigation has been to summarize the recultivation experience of Reftinskaya power plant ash dump. The station was put into operation in 1970 and it is the largest one in Russia. Specific feature of the used coal is high content of ash (47%). Daily consumption of coal in winter period constitutes 48 thousand tons. Yearly emissions of the station constitute 400 thousand tons. The main components of the emissions are sulphureous anhydride (up to 40%) solid stuff (up to 50%) and nitric oxides. The Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) plantations on ash dumps have shown good adaptation and growth. The plantations have formed 143 m(3)/ha total volume at the age of 20 in 1st site index of the recultivation site of the ash dump with ash layer up to 7 m. Weakly alkaline reaction of the ash spread by wind promoted soil dioxidation that results in soil fertility increasing significantly on territory of adjacent stands. Recultivation process includes two main stages which are ash dump surface covering with 25-40 cm soil layer, planting with 2-year old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedling

Influence of summer temperatures on basic economic and tourism indicators of the middle mediterranean

The Middle Mediterranean is characterized by long, hot, and dry summers, significant historical and cultural values, and the warm Mediterranean sea, making it attractive for coastal tourism. Given these characteristics, the goal of our paper is to analyze the influence of summer temperatures in the region of the Middle Mediterranean on the values of underlying economic and tourism indicators. The method of simple linear correlation and regression was used. Based on the results of testing, we came to the conclusion that the temperatures in the summer months have no significant influence on selected economic and tourism indicators. Also, we conclude that social factors have the greatest influence on these indicators. The coefficients of variation are calculated in the observed period to analyze the variability of the tested values. It could not be identified a statistically significant relationship of indicators with summer temperatures

Comparative productivity of artificial and natural forest stands in the belt pine forests of Altay

Using the indicator of the initial density G:H, tables of the growth course of natural and artificial self-tinning pine stands growing in conditions such as dry pine forest of gentle hills type were compiled. It was found that the productivity of self-thinning artificial stands is higher than natural ones only up to III-IV age classes, after which their productivity is equal or less than the productivity on natural stands. The most productive artificial stands are those with average density, however, the largest average diameter is possessed by rare tree stands. In the artificial pine forests in the belt pine stands of the Altai Territory, it is necessary to carry out thinning in a timely manner by using a grass-root method. This will get rid of oppressed trees and increase the growth of trees in diameter, that in turn will increase the yield of commercial timber at the ripeness age. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

BIOENERGY BASED ON WOOD CHIPS AS THE DEVELOPMENT DRIVER OF NON-URBAN FORESTED AREAS

One of the most important key factors for the development of non-urban areas is infrastructure, and energy generation is one of the fundamental infrastructure elements. This paper provides a new solution for energy generation based on wood chips which has a multi-sector effect because the offer to combine planning of forest cleaning cutting with bioenergy generation in one complex project, which will have socio-economic and ecological effects. The situation with forest fires makes the authors' idea more attractive because after forest fires the problem of cleaning cutting in forest becomes very important and urgent by ecological and economical points: after cleaning cutting there are a lot of low quality wood which can be recycled into chips for the production bioenergy by the authors' idea. This enriched methodology has successfully been applied into the regional strategical planning in the field of bioenergy and forestry of the Ural region of Russia; however, it is suitable for applications in regional development in any non-urban forested region of the world

МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ПРОЦЕССОВ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ОБМЕНОМ ЗНАНИЯМИ МЕЖДУ ПРОЕКТНЫМИ ГРУППАМИ

The article is devoted to conception of modeling the processes of knowledge sharing management between project groups for improving efficiency of communications management in project activities. The author identifies a number of key issues related to the knowledge circulation between projects, signifies the importance of the study subject and offers a model for evaluating the applicability of knowledge in projects and a method of knowledge refinement in project activities.Статья посвящена концепции моделирования процессов управления обменом знаниями между проектными группами для повышения эффективности управления коммуникациями в проектной деятельности. Автор выделил ряд ключевых проблем, связанных с циркулированием знаний между проектами, подчеркнув актуальность исследуемой тематики. В рамках данной статьи автором была предложена модель оценки применимости знаний в проектах и методика фильтрации знаний в проектной деятельности