Center of Mass Energy of the Collision for Two General Geodesic Particles Around a Kerr-Newman-Taub-NUT Black Hole

In this paper, we investigate the center of mass energy of the collision for two neutral particles with different rest masses falling freely from rest at infinity in the background of a Kerr-Newman-Taub-NUT black hole. Further, we discuss the center of mass energy near the horizon(s) of an extremal and non-extremal Kerr-Newman-Taub-NUT black hole and show that an arbitrarily high center of mass energy is achievable under some restrictions. We will study the special case of the center of mass energy when the specific energy, specific angular momentum and Carter constant of both the particles are same.Comment: 23 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, Accepted in JHE

Kerr-Newman-Taub-NUT Black Hole Tunnelling Radiation

The tunnelling process always occur nearby the event horizon of the black hole. In this paper, we investigate the tunnelling radiation in the background of the Kerr-Newman-Taub-NUT black hole. The new coordinate system for Kerr-Newman-Taub-NUT is introduced, which helps us to form new line element. This line element helps us to show that new coordinate is exhaustively acted at event horizon. With the help of conservation of angular momentum, self gravitational effect and energy, we will show that Hawking's radiation is not exclusively thermal.Comment: 14 pages, 15 figure

Study of the Factors that Influence the Completion of the Thesis of Master of Health Professions Education Graduates: A Qualitative Study

Objective: To investigate the experience of timely thesis completion by the graduates of the Master of Health Professions Education (MHPE) program in Pakistan.Study Design: Qualitative interpretative study design.Settings: Riphah University Islamabad and HITEC-IMS Taxila.Duration: May 2018 to June 2019.Materials and Methods: Data was collected by semi-structured interviews. All interviews were carried out in person. Detailed notes were taken, and conversations were audio-recorded. Three authors analyzed data independently using iterative thematic analysis. Inconsistencies were resolved through discussion.Results: Two major themes out of five were identified: Intrinsic attributes of the graduates and the role of the supervisor. including sub-themes of intrinsic motivation, self-regulation, age of the participant, supervisor-trainee relationship, supervisor’s availability, supervisor’s commitment, personality traits of the supervisor. Periods of face-to-face contact sessions were considered to increase internal motivation during which participants believe to have greater self-regulation. Positive relationship with a committed supervisor who was readily available and had a friendly, yet professional attitude aided in the completion of the thesis on time while a supervisor lacking these traits posed challenges for the graduates.Conclusion: Several factors were identified which influenced thesis completion among the graduates of MHPE in Pakistan. The five major ones consisted of the following, 1) Research Project-Related Problems; 2) Support System; 3) Supervisor Guidance; 4) Attributes of the Researcher; 5) Conducive Research Environment. These results can help influence policies to evaluate and improve this program

Factors associated with non-utilization of child immunization in Pakistan: evidence from the Demographic and Health Survey 2006-07

Bugvi A, Rahat R, Zakar R, et al. Factors associated with non-utilization of child immunization in Pakistan: evidence from the Demographic and Health Survey 2006-07. BMC Public Health. 2014;14(1): 232.Background The proportion of incompletely immunized children in Pakistan varies from 37-58%, and this has recently resulted in outbreaks of measles and polio. The aim of this paper is to determine the factors associated with incomplete immunization among children aged 12-23 months in Pakistan. Methods Secondary analysis was conducted on nationally representative cross-sectional survey data from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey, 2006-07. The analysis was limited to ever-married mothers who had delivered their last child during the 23 months immediately preceding the survey (n = 2,435). ‘Complete immunization’ was defined as the child having received twelve doses of five vaccines, and ‘incomplete immunization’ was defined if he/she had missed at least one of these twelve doses. The association between child immunization status and determinants of non-utilization of vaccines was assessed by calculating unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals using a multivariable binary logistic regression. Results The findings of this research showed that nearly 66% of children were incompletely immunized against seven preventable childhood diseases. The likelihood of incomplete immunization was significantly associated with the father’s occupation as a manual worker (AOR = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.10-1.97), lack of access to information (AOR = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.09-1.66), non-use of antenatal care (AOR = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.07-1.66), children born in Baluchistan region (AOR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.12-2.70) and delivery at home (AOR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.14-1.69). Conclusions Despite governmental efforts to increase rates of immunization against childhood diseases, the proportion of incompletely immunized children in Pakistan is still high. Targeted interventions are needed to increase the immunization rates in Pakistan. These interventions need to concentrate on people with low socioeconomic and educational status in order to improve their knowledge of this topic