Social work with juvenile offenders

The article reveals the problem of juvenile delinquency; factors contributing to the formation of deviant behavior of children; disclosed technology social work when working with juvenile offenders. The object of study — juvenile offenders. The subject of this work is to consider methods of work with juvenile offenders in Russia. The aim of this work is to determine the best methods of dealing with juvenile offenders. Research methods: literature analysis, the modeling of the process of rehabilitation and maintenance work

Generation of Plasmid DNA Expressing Species-Specific Horse VEGF164 and FGF2 Factors for Gene Therapy

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.In this study, we have generated a dual expression cassette plasmid DNA (pDNA) construct containing the species-specific horse (Equus caballus) codon optimized sequence encoding potent pro-angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF164) and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) under eukaryotic promoters (EF-1α and CMV promoters, respectively). We have demonstrated effective and simultaneous recombinant proteins expression in vitro. Resulting pDNA is suitable for potential gene therapy applications in horses

Distribution and Survival of Transplanted Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Spinal Cord Injury

© 2017, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. Current expectations for successful treatment of post-traumatic disorders in the CNS are associated with cell-based technologies. Mesenchymal stem cells, which are under intensive study, appear to be the most promising. At the same time, mechanisms of their effect on post-traumatic regeneration of the spinal cord and their behavior and migration properties in neurodegenerative lesions are not investigated in full. In our study, we investigated the survival, migration, and phenotypic characteristics of a fibrin matrix enclosed in adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) by implanting them in an area of the spinal cord injury in a subacute period. We showed that adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells retain their viability in the area of SCI for up to 60 days and migrate rostrally and caudally for more than 5 mm. Phenotyping of AD-MSCs in the spinal cord injury area performed on the seventh day post-transplantation shows that Thy-1, CD 73, and Stro-1 are expressed; however, no CD 44 expression is observed. The results obtained reveal the route of migration of AD-MSCs within an area of the spinal cord injury. However, the programed differentiation of these cells in a later post SCI period has to be studied

Gene therapy using plasmid DNA encoding vascular endothelial growth factor 164 and fibroblast growth factor 2 genes for the treatment of horse tendinitis and desmitis: Case reports

© 2017 Kovac, Litvin, Aliev, Zakirova, Rutland, Kiyasov and Rizvanov. In this clinical study, for the first time we used the direct gene therapy to restore severe injuries of the suspensory ligament branch and superficial digital flexor tendon in horses (Equus caballus). We injected the plasmid DNA encoding two therapeutic species-specific growth factors: vascular endothelial growth factor 164 and fibroblast growth factor 2 at the site of injury in the suspensory ligament branch and tendon. Treatment effects were evaluated with the use of clinical observation and ultrasound imaging during a period of a few months. We showed that gene therapy used within a period of 2-3 months after the injury resulted in the complete recovery of functions and full restoration of the severely damaged suspensory ligament and superficial digital flexor tendon

Biological activity and pharmacological application of pectic polysaccharides: A review

© 2018 by the authors. Pectin is a polymer with a core of alternating a-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid and α-1,2-L-rhamnose units, as well as a variety of neutral sugars such as arabinose, galactose, and lesser amounts of other sugars. Currently, native pectins have been compared to modified ones due to the development of natural medicines and health products. In this review, the results of a study of the bioactivity of pectic polysaccharides, including its various pharmacological applications, such as its immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, antibacterial, antioxidant and antitumor activities, have been summarized. The potential of pectins to contribute to the enhancement of drug delivery systems has been observed

Gene Therapy Using Plasmid DNA Encoding VEGF164 and FGF2 Genes: A Novel Treatment of Naturally Occurring Tendinitis and Desmitis in Horses

This clinical study describes the intralesional application of the plasmid DNA encoding two therapeutic species-specific growth factors: vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF164) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) in seven horses to restore naturally occurring injuries of the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) (tendinitis) and in three horses with suspensory ligament branch desmitis. Following application all horses were able to commence a more rapid exercise program in comparison to standardized exercise programs. Clinical observation and ultrasonic imaging was used to evaluate the regeneration rate of the tendon and ligament injury recovery and to confirm the safety of this gene therapy in horses, throughout a 12 month period. Follow-up data of the horses revealed a positive outcome including significant ultrasonographic and clinical improvements in 8 out of 10 horses with SDFT and suspensory ligament branch lesions, with return to their pre-injury level of performance by 2–6 months after the completion of treatment. The ninth horse initially presenting with severe suspensory ligament branch desmopathy, showed no significant ultrasonographic improvements in the first 2 months after treatment, however, it improved clinically and became less lame. The final horse, presenting with severe tendinitis of the SDFT returned to their pre-injury level of performance, but experienced re-injury 6 months after treatment. This data is highly promising, however, further research in experimental models, with the histopathological, immunohistochemical and gene expression evaluation of the equine tendon/ligament after gene therapy application is required in order to fully understand the mechanisms of action. This treatment and the significant clinical impacts observed represents an important advancement in the field of medicine

Study of the effect of the introduction of mitochondrial import determinants into the gRNA structure on the activity of the gRNA/SpCas9 complex in vitro

It has long been known that defects in the structure of the mitochondrial genome can cause various neuromuscular and neurodegenerative diseases. Nevertheless, at present there is no effective method for treating mitochondrial diseases. The major problem with the treatment of such diseases is associated with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) heteroplasmy. It means that due to a high copy number of the mitochondrial genome, mutant copies of mtDNA coexist with wild-type molecules in the same organelle. The clinical symptoms of mitochondrial diseases and the degree of their manifestation directly depend on the number of mutant mtDNA molecules in the cell. The possible way to reduce adverse effects of the mutation is by shifting the level of heteroplasmy towards the wild-type mtDNA molecules. Using this idea, several gene therapeutic approaches based on TALE and ZF nucleases have been developed for this purpose. However, the construction of protein domains of such systems is rather long and laborious process. Meanwhile, the CRISPR/Cas9 system is fundamentally different from protein systems in that it is easy to use, highly efficiency and has a different mechanism of action. All the characteristics and capabilities of the CRISPR/Cas9 system make it a promising tool in mitochondrial genetic engineering. In this article, we demonstrate for the first time that the modification of gRNA by integration of specific mitochondrial import determinants in the gRNA scaffold does not affect the activity of the gRNA/Cas9 complex in vitro

Regeneration of rat sciatic nerve using tubulation and allogeneic transplantation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells

The effectiveness of application of biodegradable conduit (NeuraGen; INTEGRA, USA) in combination with adipose derived multipotent mesenchymal stem cells and fibrin sealant (Tissucol-Kit; Baxter AG, Austria) on posttraumatic peripheral nerve regeneration was investigated using a rat model of sciatic nerve injury. We demonstrate that our proposed cell therapy confers a neuroprotective effect under our experimental design

Некоторые аспекты эпидемиологии и диагностики злокачественных новообразований кожи

This review article discusses important issues concerned with the epidemiology, classification and diagnosis of such widespread malignant skin neoplasms, as melanoma, basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The relevance of these aspects is associated not only with a rapid increase in the incidence of malignant skin neoplasms, but also with the emergence of new, more accurate, methods for diagnosing such conditions. The use of non-invasive diagnostic tools can increase the accuracy of clinical diagnosis, thus allowing malignant skin tumours to be detected at early stages and the number of unreasonable surgical interventions to be reduced. A belated diagnosis of malignant skin tumours causes diagnostic errors and inadequate management tactics for patients with skin neoplasms. In this regard, timely identification of skin neoplasms should be treated as an interdisciplinary problem, the solution of which requires joint efforts of various medical specialists. The importance of correcting the existing classifications of malignant skin neoplasms and pre-cancers is highlighted, along with the development of regulations for their timely diagnosis and treatment.В обзорной статье представлены современные вопросы эпидемиологии, классификации и диагностики наиболее часто встречающихся злокачественных новообразований кожи (меланома, базальноклеточный рак, плоскоклеточный рак). Актуальность этих аспектов связана не только c быстрым ростом заболеваемости злокачественными новообразованиями кожи, но также и с появлением широко применяемых специалистами новых, более точных современных методов диагностики последних. Использование неинвазивных диагностических инструментов способно повысить точность клинической диагностики новообразований кожи, что позволит выявлять на ранних стадиях злокачественные опухоли кожи и сократить количество необоснованных хирургических вмешательств. Запоздалая диагностика злокачественных опухолей кожи обусловливает диагностические ошибки врачей различных специальностей и неадекватную тактику ведения пациентов с новообразованиями кожи. В этой связи данная проблема должна рассматриваться как междисциплинарная, для решения которой необходимо объединение усилий по преемственности нескольких специальностей с целью разработки единой тактики по раннему выявлению злокачественных новообразований кожи. Отмечена важность и необходимость грамотной корректировки классификаций злокачественных новообразований кожи и предраков, а также разработки регламента наиболее ранней их диагностики, позволяющей своевременно назначить лечение и сохранить жизнь пациенту

Progression From Paroxysmal to Persistent Atrial Fibrillation. Clinical Correlates and Prognosis

Objectives: We investigated clinical correlates of atrial fibrillation (AF) progression and evaluated the prognosis of patients demonstrating AF progression in a large population. Background: Progression of paroxysmal AF to more sustained forms is frequently seen. However, not all patients will progress to persistent AF. Methods: We included 1,219 patients with paroxysmal AF who participated in the Euro Heart Survey on AF and had a known rhythm status at follow-up. Patients who experienced AF progression after 1 year of follow-up were identified. Results: Progression of AF occurred in 178 (15%) patients. Multivariate analysis showed that heart failure, age, previous transient ischemic attack or stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and hypertension were the only independent predictors of AF progression. Using the regression coefficient as a benchmark, we calculated the HATCH score. Nearly 50% of the patients with a HATCH score >5 progressed to persistent AF compared with only 6% of the patients with a HATCH score of 0. During follow-up, patients with AF progression were more often admitted to the hospital and had more major adverse cardiovascular events. Conclusions: A substantial number of patients progress to sustained AF within 1 year. The clinical outcome of these patients regarding hospital admissions and major adverse cardiovascular events was worse compared with patients demonstrating no AF progression. Factors known to cause atrial structural remodeling (age and underlying heart disease) were independent predictors of AF progression. The HATCH score may help to identify patients who are likely to progress to sustained forms of AF in the near future. \ua9 2010 American College of Cardiology Foundation